Establishing an effective wate governance structure is crucial for managing wate resources sustainably. This issue covers articles investigating on hydrological dynamics, water resource management, rainfall field reconstruction, and AI-driven geological mapping. These studies not only deepen our understanding of hydrological processes, watershed management, and infrastructure resilience but also explore the application of hydrological techniques and models.

Geospatial technologies have been used to identify groundwater zones, monitor vegetation changes and creation of flood maps. The terrain changes that are observed through these technologies allows us to find prospective areas for vegetation and landslide prevention. This issue covers articles assessing vegetation dynamics, soil erosion, blue carbon sequestration and groundwater exploration. These studies highlight the critical role of geological science in tackling today's environmental concerns.

Integrative geography bridges the gap between human and the natural environment, examining how these interactions can trigger existing ecosystems. This issue covers articles developing infrastructures for integrated urban water management, resource management and lithological mapping, as well as insights on the advancements of global mining, and integrative geography. These studies address urban planning and management, and demonstrate the relationship between geographical study and social, historical, and even political research.

Urban geography focuses on understanding urban area characterized by high human density and significant economic activity. The urbanisation brings along its economic and functional challenges. This issue covers articles analyzing on city planning and development, urban cartography and spatial politics, good city governance and sustainable township development. These studies are important to aid in assessing the land use pattern and areas prone to risks and hazards while considering new developments.

The application of geological expertise and advanced mapping techniques is essential for the responsible management of natural resources. This issue covers articles on integration of geological science and cutting-edge cartographic capabilities for the sustainable stewardship of natural resources, both on land and in marine environments. These studies are vital to understand the complex challenges of sustainable development, climate change, and resource scarcity.

Numerous challenges are faced in cartography, particularly with the rise of geospatial big data and evolving technologies, where there is a need to manage vast datasets, ensure data accuracy and adaptation to technological advancements. This issue covers articles evaluating the progress in cartography and geography, development of global navigation satellite system, using deep learning in cartography and cartographic modelling. These studies highlight the potential of innovative tools to help adapt digital technologies into cartography and geography.

The Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has become increasingly pervasive and useful across geographic and spatial domains. This issue covers articles exploring the use of GIS and related spatial technologies for assessing, monitoring, and mapping various aspects of land use. These studies underscore the central role that GIS and spatial technologies play in enhancing our understanding, monitoring, and management of land use and related land-based phenomena.

Geographic information systems (GIS) ae versatile tools used for capturing, storing, analyzing and visualization of geographical data. GIS helps us to understand spatial patterns and relationships better. This issue covers articles showcasing the versatility of GIS in predicting forest fire, reclamation of mining landscape, land resource management, groundwater exploration and its integration with remote sensing. These studies are important to analysis and visualize spatial data, for us to gain deeper insights on how to properly manage natural resources.

By leveraging advanced geospatial technologies, spatial modelling and integrated data sources, we can better understand and predict the occurrence of natural hazards, assess vulnerabilities, and prepare for disasters. This issue covers articles assessing wildfire risk, detecting land use change, groundwater modelling, and air quality monitoring. These studies highlight the potential of integrating geospatial data and innovative analytical methods to support decision-making for urban planning and disaster response.

Geographic phenomena analysis allows us to visualize complex data, spatial pattern and anomalies, and how they interact with each other. This special issue covers articles using various cartographic methods to study geographical trends and data. These studies are essential to help us understand the geographical features of the world to make informed decisions on urban planning, disaster relief and environmental monitoring.

Forest mapping allows for proactive measures in preventing and managing forest fires to protect nature. This issue covers articles using satellite data and sensors to map forests, determination of forest fire extent zones, and flood dispersal and artificial feeding system. These studies enhance forest management and water sustainability, offering more effective firefighting strategies for forests and improved water resource allocation.

Large-scale mining has disrupted landscapes and exacerbates issues pertaining to soil erosion and water scarcity. This issue covers articles analyzing on large-scale mining control technologies, urban soil heavy metal pollution, mining hydrogeology, and regional rocky desertification. These studies are vital to develop sustainable mining practices and environmental management, offering a better understanding to urban ecological resilience.