Abstract City planning is becoming more and more crucial as modernization and urbanization progress quickly. Making maps is an essential and helpful way in the city planning process for gathering data about the layout of a city and its elements, including the roads, traffic, buildings, and environment. Thanks to advancements in technology, computer software is now used to create maps, yielding more accurate and varied results. As a result, cartography is now closely related to and plays a crucial part in city planning. This brief essay will discuss the value of cartography in urban development and planning, as well as the connection between the two.

Abstract UAVs, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles, have emerged as an efficient and flexible system for offering a rapid and cost-effective solution. In recent years, large-scale mapping using UAV photogrammetry has gained significant popularity and has been widely adopted in academia as well as the private sector. This study aims to investigate the technical aspects of this field, provide insights into the procedural steps involved, and present a case study conducted in Cesme, Izmir. The findings derived from the case study are thoroughly discussed, and the potential applications of UAV photogrammetry in large-scale mapping are examined. The study area is divided into 12 blocks. The flight plans and the distribution of ground control point (GCP) locations were determined based on these blocks. As a result of the data processing procedure, average GCP positional errors ranging from 1 to 18 cm have been obtained for the blocks.

Abstract Tidal sea level variations in the Mediterranean basin, although altered and amplified by resonance phenomena in confined sub-basins (e.g., Adriatic Sea), are generally confined within 0.5 meters and exceptionally up to 1.5 meters. Here we explore the possibility of retrieving sea level measurements using data from GNSS antennas on duty for ground motion monitoring and analyze the spectral outcomes of such distinctive measurements. We estimate one year of GNSS data collected on the Mediterranean coasts in order to get reliable sea level data from all publicly available data and compare it with collocated tide gauges. A total of eleven stations were suitable for interferometric analysis (as of 2021), and all were able to supply centimeter-level sea level estimates. The spectra in the tidal frequency windows are remarkably similar to tide gauge data. We find that the O 1 and M 2 diurnal and semidiurnal tides and MK 3 , MS 4 shallow sea water tides may be disturbed by aliasing effects.

Abstract Urban morphologies in the global south are shaped by a complex interplay of historical imprints, from colonial legacies and ethnic tensions to waves of modernization and decolonization efforts. This study delves into the urban morphology of Hangzhou during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, unraveling its transformative patterns steered by a convergence of spatial politics, economic forces, and cultural dynamics. Drawing upon a unique blend of historical map restoration techniques, we unearth pivotal morphological nuances that bridge Hangzhou’s transition from its pre-modern fabric to its modern-day urban layout. We uncover key shifts such as the movement from intricate street layouts to systematic grids, the strategic integration of public spaces like West Lakeside Park, and the city’s evolving urban epicenter mirroring its broader socio-political and economic narratives. These insights not only spotlight Hangzhou’s distinct urban journey in the context of ethnic conflicts, Western influences, and decolonization drives but also underscore the value of context-sensitive urban morphological research in the global south. Our findings emphasize the criticality of synergizing varied methodologies and theoretical perspectives to deepen our comprehension of urban transitions, sculpt place identities, and invigorate public imagination in global urban planning.

Abstract Google Earth images in the Marche Region of Central Italy revealed a circular structure consisting of a ring system made up of concentric hills and valleys. Cartography, DEM, geological, and available geophysical data were used to constrain the possible origin of the structure. Located in the Messinian foredeep deposits of the Central Apennines, it has a rim diameter of 3.75 km and a central uplift connected to its southernmost part. As it was formed in the clays of the Lower Pliocene, and clays are believed to have emerged definitively after the Upper Pliocene, its age might be constrained to the Lower Pleistocene. Similar concentric structures are usually found in impact craters, sedimentary domes, and volcanic landforms. As salt domes and magmatic activity are not found in this region, this study seeks to validate the results of previous work that it was the result of an ancient impact crater of hydrological, brachyanticline, or clayey diapiric origins. Specifically, an observed second ring portion with a curvature radius about double the first in size will be investigated in this work. This second ring portion appears to be concentric to the first one and is visible along its northern and western parts. Although double concentric rings are usually due to impact craters, the absence of the ring portion in the other two directions and the probable deviation of a river, deduced by studying hydrography, support the hypothesis that it might be of clay diapir origin.

Abstract Border cities face significant challenges due to political, environmental, and social issues. Strong urban governance can help resolve many of these problems, but it requires identifying practical factors specific to each city’s location. This study aimed to assess the state of urban governance in Paveh, a border city with a population of 25,771 people. The research used both primary data collection (through a questionnaire) and secondary data sources (local and national databases and documents). The study randomly selected 379 households from Paveh’s population and determined a reliability value of 0.913 using the Cochrane procedure. To assess Paveh’s urban governance, eight criteria were used: participatory, rule-of-law compliance, transparency, responsiveness, consensus-oriented, equitable and inclusive, effective and efficient, and accountability. The findings revealed that Paveh’s urban governance, particularly in the dimensions of transparency and participation, is in an unfavorable situation.

Abstract This article refers to Hallstatt in Austria and Ioannina in Greece. The goals analyze the two locations that have similarities in geometric shape, digital elevation model (DEM), and geomorphology. Firstly, Hallsatt’s advances were more technical than aesthetic. There is a general tendency towards extravagance and baroque and Greco-Oriental influences. Secondly, Ioannina is a mountainous city located around Lake Pamvotis. The geometry develops parallel to the lake. The city experiences many cultures. The ancient city had an urban planning that characterized the Ottoman Empire. In the old part, there is the castle, old stone streets, wooden houses, and the house of the Greek Muslim Ali Pasha. The author obtains numerous aerial photographs using Google Earth software. The photographs were received dynamically for all the perimeters of the regions. In short, the cartographer has between 15 and 20 photographs. The next step is to align the photographs in Zephyr photogrammetry software. Configuring resolutions, distance, camera locations, contrast, and brightness is essential. The final products are the 3D texture, 3D model, and orthophotos from Hallstatt and Ioannina. Digital products are suitable for measuring areas, circumferences, and heights. Furthermore, digital products represent a digital archiving practice: conservation and visualization are crucial factors today as they share, represent, promote, and document urban planning, historical memory, and the natural environment.

Abstract In light of swift urbanization and the lack of precise land use maps in urban regions, comprehending land use patterns becomes vital for efficient planning and promoting sustainable development. The objective of this study is to assess the land use pattern in order to catalyze sustainable township development in the study area. The procedure adopted involved acquiring the cadastral layout plan of the study area, scanning, and digitizing it. Additionally, satellite imagery of the area was obtained, and both the cadastral plan and satellite imagery were geo-referenced and digitized using ArcGIS 9.2 software. These processes resulted in reasonable accuracy, with a root mean square (RMS) error of 0.002 inches, surpassing the standard of 0.004 inches. The digitized cadastral plan and satellite imagery were overlaid to produce a layered digital map of the area. A social survey of the area was conducted to identify the specific use of individual plots. Furthermore, a relational database system was created in ArcCatalog to facilitate data management and querying. The research findings demonstrated the approach's effectiveness in enabling queries for the use of any particular plot, making it adaptable to a wide range of inquiries. Notably, the study revealed the diverse purposes for which different plots were utilized, including residential, commercial, educational, and lodging. An essential aspect of land use mapping is identifying areas prone to risks and hazards, such as rising sea levels, flooding, drought, and fire. The research contributes to sustainable township development by pinpointing these vulnerable zones and providing valuable insights for urban planning and risk mitigation strategies. This is a valuable resource for urban planners, policymakers, and stakeholders, enabling them to make informed decisions to optimize land use and promote sustainable development in the study area.

Abstract Climate change has affected the coasts of the world due to numerous factors, including the change in the intensity and frequencies of the storms and the increase in the mean sea level, among others. Argentina has extensive coastal areas, and research and monitoring tasks are expensive and require a significant number of personnel to cover large geographical areas. Given this, citizen science has become a tool to increase scientific research's spatial and temporal extension. Therefore, the paper aims to analyze the methodology and development of the citizen science project in Villa Gesell and its lessons for applying them in future coastal environmental monitoring projects. The methodology was based on an experience of the project co-created between activists and researchers. This project included four phases for social and physical aspects: training for the citizens, theoretic and practical aspects of coastal dynamics, and how to measure its geomorphological and oceanographic variations; data collection: the activists who received the training performed the measurements to monitor the beach; data analysis by scientists; and dissemination of results; the report data were disseminated by citizens in their community. The analysis of case studies in citizen science projects generates a fundamental learning arena to apply in future projects. Among the positive aspects were the phases established for their development and the methodology used to collect beach monitoring data.

Abstract Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and poses a severe public health problem. Nigeria has the highest number of global cases. Geospatial technology has been widely used to study the risks and factors associated with malaria hazards. The present study is conducted in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The objective of this study is to map out areas that are at high risk of the prevalence of malaria by considering a good number of factors as criteria that determine the spread of malaria within Ibadan using open-source and Landsat remote sensing data and further analysis in GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). This study considered factors like climate, environmental, socio-economic, and proximity to health centers as criteria for mapping malaria risk. The MCE used a weighted overlay of the factors to produce an element at-risk map, a malaria hazard map, and a vulnerability map. These maps were overlaid to produce the final malaria risk map, which showed that 72% of Ibadan has a risk of malaria prevalence. Identification and delineation of risk areas in Ibadan would help policymakers and decision-makers mitigate the hazards and improve the health status of the state.