Abstract Antioxidants are derivatives of vitamin C or beta-carotene that prevent reactions stimulated by oxygen, peroxides, or free radicals, thus reducing the oxidative stress. They have found their way into many uses in treating several human diseases and reducing the risk of developing diseases like cancer. In view of this property, the present study was focussed in identifying several plants possessing antioxidative properties and which were also conserved in the ex-situ park of CSIR – Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, India. Fifteen medicinal plants including herbs, shrubs and grasses are reported in this paper, and a collective insight has been presented about their antioxidant properties and the present state of their pharmacological applications. The specific chemical constituents abundant in the leaves, roots, stems, seeds and fruits of each of these plants have also been dealt with. To report a few antioxidant pharmacological preparations from Ayurvedic literature are Vimang, Maharishi Amrit Kalash (MAK4, MAK5), Maharishi Ayurved (MA631, MA47), MA Raja’s Cup, MA Student Rasayana and MA Ladies Rasayana. This review has been attempted to enhance the importance of the plants which are generally being neglected, so that it can used by the local people in rural areas for their cultivation and it will also pave the pathway for their subsequent future use in medicinal and research industry for drug formulation.  

Abstract Simple mathematical expressions are given for the betweenness centrality of nodes in trees, forests and cycles. As application, a centrality test is given for when a network might be a forest.

Abstract Soil and groundwater remediation act has been enacted and executed since year 2000 in Taiwan.   It has been ten good years till today where lots of remediation techniques progressively employed to improve Taiwan soil and groundwater resource quality.   Regulatory agencies, academia, remediation consulting firms, on-site professional engineers all have contribute the proud ten years in terms of soil and groundwater clean-up contribution.   However, some of technologies were un-environmental friendly even detrimental and damage to Taiwan precious soil and groundwater resources.   In Article one of the current Taiwan soil and groundwater Act, it clearly stated that soil is a precious nature resources.   Soil definitely is not a waste, shame on us most of current most commonly employed remediation are unlawful and merely aiming to save time and money consideration without any care to our land.   Dig-and-dump and soil acid washing are damaged employed in almost every single local environment agency soil clean-up project.   Lot of money, effort and time has been spent during past ten years.   Most of the spending is not improving soil quality using Green approach.

Abstract Agroforestry holds the key in providing alternative economically viable livelihood development and to support mountainous farmers to adapt to climate change. Innovative agroforestry interventions integrating animal production, horticulture etc into cropping systems exist that can help farmers improve yields and build resilience for supporting livelihoods particularly among marginal communities. But, the lack of knowledge, technical know-how and other information among the farmers are major barriers in adoption of agroforestry. Millions of the farmers of mountainous regions are already wrestling with water scarcity, which would be more severe in climate change scenario. The Himalayan regions are have been considered to be highly sensitive to climate change. Indeed, Innovative agroforestry interventions have the potential to conserve natural resources, improve productivity and provide resilience to climate change. The present paper highlights the need for developing innovative agroforestry interventions to promote various alternate livelihood options through diversification, adoption of high yielding varieties and development of innovative products from forest resources.  Of these spice based agroforetry, silvi-medicinal systems, Van silk cultivation, bamboo and ringal cultivation  and development and use of farm resources based products like  bamboo based composite structures, Seabuckthorn herbal tea, Ghingaroo juice  ( Crataegus crenulata ) and incense products etc holds a promising potential to be explored as better options for future scenario.

Abstract One of the main sources of water pollution in Taiwan is piggery waste. With the major pollutants such as odors, BOD, TN and TS, waste from the piggery industry has been seriously affecting the environment in Taiwan. However, if this amount of waste is properly treated, it will bring great benefits and can be considered as a resource. Generally, wastewater from the piggery industry is treated in three stages: liquid soil, anaerobic digestion and then aerobic treatment. However, this process is difficult due to high cost and difficult operation. Therefore, a feasible method was to establish a centralized methane production facility for the treatment of piggery industrial waste. The products after treated like methane and fertilize are utilized as clean and environmentally friendly products. Methane can be used for cooking or electricity generation. This is a new direction suitable for sustainable development.