Applied Chemical Engineering (Transferred)

Khadi fabric is the textile glummer of India and has been started to use in India from at least ten decades ago (from 1920s). Normally it consist of cotton, wool, silk like natural fibre etc. and the concern fabric is made by hand made (by charka spinning technology) yarn and in the traditional handloom process. Normally, different kind of natural dyes (vegetable based, wastage material based, tannin based colour) and the eco-friendly synthetic dyes are used for the coloration of the khadi textile. In addition some traditional printing techniques like hand screen printing, block printing is used for the special effect on the khadi textile. Concerning the value addition, only stiff khadi fabric is marketed which is made by adding starch. However, some special low cost other value addition of the khadi fabric will make it more acceptable to the consumers of the India and also in the other countries. In this respect, bioactive based finish and the mosquito repellent khadi textile is very much important. This kind of functionality will make the fabric hygienic in terms of attack by deadly mosquitoes and also some harmful microorganisms. Apart from it, if it is possible to make UV protective and the fire retardant khadi textile, it will increase its popularity and also gain the socio economic importancy to the consumers and the handloom weavers of India and the other subcontinental countries.

The solid-phase equilibria in the 2PbSe-AgSbSe₂ system were studied by using the powder X-ray diffraction method.  It is established that the system is characterized by the formation of ~60 mol% solid solutions basedon AgSbSe₂.Solubility based on PbSe is about 3mol%. The cubic lattice parameters of solid solutions are defined.

Organic dyes used in textile and food industries are the important sources of environmental contaminations due to their non-bio degradability and high toxicity to aquatic creatures and carcinogenic effects on humans. This demands environmental remediation by the use of techniques which are environmentally benign. For this purpose, a general overview of dye degradation by light in the presence of materials as photo-catalysts has been given. The mechanism of action has also been described. Importantly, the materials involved in dye degradation usually involve nano-composites of either conducting polymers or metal-oxidesor graphene based systems which are insoluble in aqueous solutions, hence will be environmentally benign and can therefore be recovered after use.

CaF₂ aids melting and desulfurization, but can also cause environmental pollution. Thus, it has become important to discuss the phase transformation and find a substitute for CaF₂. A CaO-based desulfurizer with various flux additions of B₂O₃ and CaF₂ is investigated during the refining process. The purpose of this study is to discuss the phase transformation and desulfurization ability and during refining with B₂O₃ and CaF₂ using a high frequency furnace. Experimental results indicate that the melting temperature of CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ series desulfurizer becomes lower when more B₂O₃ and less CaF₂ are added. On the other hand, the desulfurization ability can be affected within 15 min when various proportions of B₂O₃ and CaF₂ areadded. The desulfurization ability is better with a high content of B₂O₃ desulfurizer within a 15 min period. However, the desulfurization ability is not affected by the proportion of B₂O₃ and CaF₂ for a long melting period (30 min).

Parthenium hysterophorus weed powder was studied as adsorbent for phenol adsorption from its aqueous standardized solution. The adsorption of pollutant was found improving with an increase of biomass dosage and contact time. The intraparticle diffusion of phenol onto adsorbent surface was identified to be the rate limiting step. Linear form of Flory-Huggins model revealed preeminence to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich due to highest value of R². The remediation process was figured out as a physisorption rather than a chemical one based on value of E (0.21KJ/mol). Active sites of sorbent surface identified by FT-IR were oxygen containing functional groups. Recent study proposes cost effective utilization of toxic allergent for treatment of toxic waste.

Toxic indigo carmen dyestuff was removed from the aqueous solution by adsorption. Adsorption was examined kinetically and thermodynamically based on temperature. Derivative of chitosan which is called chitosan phthalate was synthesized and used in removal of indigo carmen from aqueous solution. Some kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Adsorption isotherms were drawn. Lastly, the adsorption of indigo carmen from the aqueous solution by chitosan and chitosan phthalate were compared.  

Viscosities of liquid solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), water (H₂0), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) have been measured. The mass fraction of MEA was (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50)%, and CO₂ loading values was between (0.1 to 0.5) mol CO₂/mol MEA. The operating temperature was varied between (20 to 150)°C. The available literature data for temperature range (25 to 80)°C for mass fraction of (20, 30 and 40)% were used to compare the measurement data. The dynamic viscosity increase with the increase of CO₂ loading and decrease with an increase of temperature. The measured data were compared with the data predicted from available regression equation for certain temperature range. Agreement between measured data and the correlation data was satisfactory.