An evaluation of elemental enrichment in rocks: In the case of Kısacık and its neighborhood (Ayvacık, Çanakkale/Türkiye)

Alaaddin Vural

Article ID: 1850
Vol 6, Issue 1, 2023

VIEWS - 322 (Abstract) 214 (PDF)

Abstract


In this study, the enrichment of the major oxide, trace element/heavy metal and rare earth element contents of the rocks outcropping in Kısacık and its vicinity (Ayvacık-Çanakkale/Türkiye) were investigated. The rocks in the field were handled in 5 groups, and whole rock analyses were carried out for 22 samples collected representing these rock groups and Element Enrichment Factor (EEF) of the major oxide, trace element/heavy metal and rare earth element contents of the rocks were calculated. As a result, it was determined that the Kısacık volcanics were enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Be, Co, Cs, Th, U, W, La, Eu, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mo, As, Cd, Sb, Bi and Hg elements at a rate of >1 to >150 according to the upper crust values, and the Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, Cr, Sc, Co, Nb, Sr, Mo, Cu, Ni, Cad, Sb, Bi, V, Cu and Cd concentrations of the Ophiolitic Mélange were enriched in ratios ranging from >1 to >36 according to the upper crust values. It has been also observed that the listvenitic rocks in the Ophiolitic Mélange are enriched in Cr, Co, Ni, As and Hg elements compared to the upper crust. As to Kazdağ Group, MgO, CaO, K2O, MnO, Cr, Co, Ta, U, W, Mo, Cu, Ni, As and Cd were enriched. Listvenite were enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Sb and Hg at a rate of >1 to >32 according to the upper crust values. When the rocks in the area were evaluated together, some oxides (e.g., CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2) and elements (e.g., Cr, Ni, Co) were enriched due to parental rock, while some oxides (e.g., SiO2, K2O and MnO) and elements (As, Sb, Hg) were enriched due to epigenic processes such as hydrothermal alteration and weathering.


Keywords


Background Values; Upper Crust; Trace Element; Heavy Metal; Element Enrichment Factor (EEF); Çanakkale; Türkiye

Full Text:

PDF


References


1. Vural A, Gundogdu A, Akpinar I, et al. Environmental impact of Gümüşhane City, Turkey, waste area in terms of heavy metal pollution. Natural Hazards 2017; 88(2): 867–890. doi: 10.1007/s11069-017-2896-1.

2. Vural A, Erdoğan M. İz bulucu elementlerden yararlanarak toprak jeokimyası İle altın cevherleşmesinin araştırılması: Kırkpavli, Gümüşhane-Türkiye (Turkish) [Investigation of gold mineralisation by soil geochemistry using trace elements: Kirkpavli, Gumushane-Turkey]. In: 66. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı; 2013 Apr 1–5; Ankara. Ankara: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası; 2013.

3. Vural A. Toprak ve akasya ağacı sürgünlerindeki iz/ağır metal dağılımı, Gümüşhane-Türkiye (Turkish) [Trace/heavy metal distribution in soil and shoots of acacia trees, Gumushane-Turkey]. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 2014; 148: 85–106.

4. Vural A, Çiçek B. Cevherleşme sahasında gelişmiş topraklardaki ağır metal kirliliği (Turkish) [Heavy metal contamination in soils on mineralization area]. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2020; 8(2): 1533–1547. doi: 10.29130/dubited.643775.

5. Vural A, Kaygusuz A. Kirlilik parametrelerine göre farklı kayaçların element İçeriklerinin araştırılması: Avliyana (Torul-Gümüşhane/Türkiye) (Turkish) [Investigation of elemental content of different rocks according to pollution parameters: Avliyana (Torul-Gumushane/Turkey)]. In: 2. Uluslararası Hasankeyf Bilimsel Araştırmalar ve İnovasyon Kongresi; 2022 Jun 25–26; Batman. Ankara: İksad Publishing House; 2022. p. 251–259.

6. Vural A. Demirören (Gümüşhane) ve Çevre kayaçlarının element İçeriklerinin tıbbi jeoloji açısından İncelenmesi (Turkish) [Investigation of the elemental contents of Demiroren (Gumushane) and its surrounding rocks in terms of edical geology]. In: 71. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı; 2018 Apr 23–27; Ankara. Ankara: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası; 2018. p. 885–886.

7. Vural A. Metalojenik kuşaklardaki kayaçların element temel değerlerinin tıbbi jeoloji açısından İncelenmesi: Karamustafa vadisi (Gümüşhane) (Turkish) [Investigation of elemental basic values of rocks in metallogenic belts in terms of medical geology: Karamustafa valley (Gumushane)]. In: 71. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı; 2018 Apr 23–27; Ankara. Ankara: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası; 2018. p. 875–876.

8. Sungur A, Vural A, Gundogdu A, et al. Effect of antimonite mineralization area on heavy metal contents and geochemical fractions of agricultural soils in Gümüşhane Province, Turkey. Catena 2020; 184: 104255. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2019.104255.

9. Sungur A, Vural A, Gündoğdu A, et al. Gümüştuğ Köyü (Torul-Gümüşhane) Tarım topraklarında manganın jeokimyasal karakterizasyonu (Turkish) [Geochemical characterization of manganese in agricultural soils of Gumustug Village (Torul-Gumushane)]. In: International Trace Analysis Congress; 2018 Jun 20–23; Sivas. Ankara: ITAC; 2018.

10. Vural A. Assessment of metal pollution associated with an alteration area: Old Gümüşhane, NE Black Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2014; 22(5): 3219–3228. doi:10.1007/s11356-014-2907-7.

11. Şahin E, Vural A. Örencik (Yenice, Çanakkale/Türkiye) cevherleşmesinin sıvı Kapanım ve Duraylı İzotop Verileri (Turkish) [Fluid inclusion and stable isotope data of Örencik (Yenice, Canakkale/Turkey) mineralization]. In: Akdeniz Zirvesi 8. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi; 2022 Nov 19–20; Kyrenia. Kyrenia: Academy Congress–Publishing- Journal and Educatıon Society; 2022.

12. Şahin E, Vural A. Örencik (Yenice, Çanakkale/Türkiye) cevherleşme sahası granitik kayaçlarının jeolojik, mineralojik-petrografik ve jeokimyasal Özellikleri (Turkish) [Geological, mineralogical-petrographic and geochemical properties of granitic rocks of Örencik (Yenice, Çanakkale/Turkey) mineralization area]. In: Akdeniz Zirvesi 8. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi; 2022 Nov 19–20; Kyrenia. Kyrenia: Academy Congress–Publishing- Journal and Educatıon Society; 2022.

13. Vural A, Erdoğan M.Eski Gümüşhane kırkpavli alterasyon sahasında toprak jeokimyası (Turkish) [Soil geochemistry in the old Gumushane kirkpavli alteration area]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2014; 4(1): 1–15. doi: 10.17714/gufbed.2014.04.001.

14. Vural A. Relationship between the geological environment and element accumulation capacity of Helichrysum arenarium. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2018; 11(11): 258. doi:10.1007/s12517-018-3609-0.

15. Yalcin F, Ilbeyli N, Demirbilek M, et al. Estimation of natural radionuclides’ concentration of the plutonic rocks in the Sakarya zone, Turkey using multivariate statistical methods. Symmetry 2020; 12(6): 1048. doi: 10.3390/sym12061048.

16. Vural A. Contamination assessment of heavy metals associated with an alteration area: Demirören Gumushane, NE Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society of India 2015; 86: 215–222. doi: 10.1007/s12594-015-0301-9.

17. Ibaraki M, Mori H. Progress in medical geology. England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2017.

18. Prasad AS, Brewer GJ. Essential and toxic trace elements and vitamins in human health. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2020.

19. Selinus O, Alloway B, Centeno JA, et al. Essentials of medical geology. Dordrecht: Springer; 2013. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4375-5.

20. Kabata-Pendias A, Szteke B. Trace elements in abiotic and biotic environments. Florida: CRC Press; 2015.

21. Çakır Z, Vural A. Nonlineer yaklaşımla bitkilerin element biriktirme potansiyelinin hesaplanması: Titrek kavak (populus tremula) yapraklarının Sr, Ba, La, Cd biriktirme kabiliyeti Örneğiyle (Turkish) [Calculation of element accumulation potential of plants by nonlinear approach: Sr, Ba, La, Cd accumulation capability of aspen (Populus tremula) leaves]. In: 2nd International Conference on Scientific and Academic Research; 2023 Mar 14–16; Konya. Konya: All Sciences Proceedings; 2023. p. 196–200.

22. Vural A, Albayrak M.Gördes ve civarı zeolitlerinin mineralojisi (Turkish) [Mineralogy of zeolites of Gördes and vicinity]. In: 58. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı; 2005 Apr 11–15; Ankara. Ankara: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası; 2005. p. 140–141.

23. Vural A, Albayrak M. Geochemical and mineralogical properties of zeolites from Gördes (Manisa) and its near vicinity. In: 2nd International Conference on Engineering and Natural Sciences (ICENS 2016); 2016 May 24–28; Sarajevo. Istanbul: ICENS; 2016.

24. Vural A, Albayrak M. Evaluation of Gördes zeolites in terms of mineralogical, geochemical and environmental effects. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2020; 9(2): 1503–1520.

25. Vural A. Heavy metal pollution from listwaenitization: In case of Alakeçi (Bayramiç-Çanakkale/West Türkiye). Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2020; 4(2): 94–102. doi: 10.51435/turkjac.1190831.

26. Vural A. Hidrotermal alterasyona bağlı element kirliliği: Canca (Gümüşhane-Türkiye) (Turkish) [Elemental pollution due to hydrothermal alteration: Canca (Gümüşhane-Türkiye)]. Journal of Investigations on Engineering & Technology 2022; 5(2): 87–103.

27. Vural A, Gündoğdu A, Saka F, et al. The heavy metal effects of mineralization and alteration areas with buried ore deposits potential on the surface waters. Journal of Investigations on Engineering & Technology 2022; 5(1): 21–33.

28. Muller G. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geological Journal 1969; 2: 108–118.

29. Buat-Menard P, Chesselet R. Variable influence of the atmospheric flux on the trace metal chemistry of oceanic suspended matter. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1979; 42(3): 399–411. doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(79)90049-9.

30. Sutherland RA. Bed sediment-associated trace metals in an urban stream, Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental Geology 2000; 39(6): 611–627. doi: 10.1007/s002540050473.

31. Chen CW, Kao CM, Chen CF, et al. Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan. Chemosphere 2007; 66(8): 1431–1440. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.030.

32. Vural A, Kaya S, Başaran N, et al. Anadolu madenciliğinde İlk adımlar (Turkish) [First steps in Anatolian mining]. Ankara: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü; 2009.

33. Vural A. Bayramiç (Çanakkale) ve Çevresindeki altın zenginleşmelerinin araştırılması (Turkish) [Investigation of gold enrichment in Bayramiç (Çanakkale) and its surroundings] [PhD thesis]. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi; 2009.

34. Vural A. Güneyköy ve Çevresi (Eşme-Uşak) arsenopirit cevherleşmelerinin maden Jjeolojisi (Turkish) [Mineral geology of arsenopyrite mineralization in Güneyköy and surroundings (Eşme-Uşak)] [Master’s thesis]. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi; 1998.

35. Vural A, Ünlü T. Güneyköy ve Çevresindeki kalıntı altınlı arsenopirit cevherleşmelerinin maden jeolojisi açısından İncelenmesi (Turkish) [Investigation of arsenopyrite mineralization with residual gold in Güneyköy and its surroundings in terms of mining geology]. In: 69. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı; 2016 Apr 11–15; Ankara. p. 374–375. Ankara: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası; 2016.

36. Vural A, Ünlü T. The geology and mineralogical/petrographic features of Umurbabadağ and its surroundings (Eşme, Uşak-Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2020; 9(2): 1561–1587.

37. Vural A, Aydal D. Soil geochemistry study of the listvenite area of Ayvacik (Çanakkale, Turkey). Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020; 18(3): 205–215. doi: 10.22124/CJES.2020.4133.

38. Okay Aİ, Siyako M, Bürkan KA. Biga yarımadasının jeolojisi ve tektonik evrimi (Turkish) [Geology and tectonic evolution of the Biga Peninsula]. Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni 1990; 2(1): 83–121.

39. Vural A, Aydal D, Akpınar İ. A low sulphur epithermal gold mineralization in Kisacik-Ayvacik area (Çanakkale-Turkey). In: Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts; 2011 Aug 11–18; Prague. Prague: The European Association of Geochemistry; 2011. p. 2105.

40. Vural A, Aydal D. Soil geochemical prospecting at listvenite area, Bayramiç, (Çanakkale Turkey). In: 34th National and the 2nd International Geosciences Congress; 2016 Feb 22–24; Tehran. Tehran: GSI; 2016.

41. Vural A, Aydal D. Using soil geochemistry for gold exploration: Ayvacık (Çanakkale-Northwest Turkey). In: 34th National and the 2nd International Geosciences Congress; 2016 Feb 22–24; Tehran. Tehran: GSI; 2016. p. 22–24.

42. Aydal D, Vural A, Polat O. Definition of the base metal and gold bearing hydrotermally altered areas in volcanic rocks using by Landsat 7 TM imagery: Case study from Bayramiç (Çanakkale). In: 57th Geology Congress; 2004 Mar 8–12; Ankara. Ankara: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası; 2004. p. 89–90.

43. Aydal D, Vural A, Taşdelen Uslu İ, et al. Kuşçayırı-Kartaldağı (Bayramiç-Çanakkale) cevherleşme bölgesinin Landsat 7 ETM+ kullanılarak Crosta tekniği ile incelenmesi (Turkish) [Investigation of Kuşçayırı-Kartaldağı (Bayramiç-Çanakkale) mineral enhancement region by Crosta technique with Landsat 7 ETM+ bands]. In: Technical University of İstanbul, First Remote Sensing Workshop and Panel; 2006 Nov 28; İstanbul. İstanbul: İTÜ; 2006.

44. Vural A, Kaygusuz A. Kısacık (Ayvacık/Çanakkale-Türkiye) ve civarındaki kayaçların ağır metal/iz element içeriklerinin çevre jeokimyası açısından incelenmesi (Turkish) [Environmental geochemistry investigation of heavy metal/trace element contents of rocks in Kısacık (Ayvacık/Çanakkale-Türkiye) and its Surroundings]. In: 4th International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences; 2022 Nov 10–13; Konya. Konya: ICAENS; 2022.

45. Vural A, Aydal D. Determination of lithological differences and hydrothermal alteration areas by remote sensing studies: Kısacık (Ayvacık-Çanakkale, Biga Peninsula, Turkey). Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science 2020; 9(1): 1341–1357.

46. Vural A, Aydal D. Kısacık-Ayvacık (Çanakkale) altın cevherlesmesinin jeolojik, mineralojik, jeokimyasal açıdan İncelenmesi (Turkish) [Geological, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of Kısacık-Ayvacık (Çanakkale) gold mineralization]. In: 8. Jeokimya Sempozyumu; 2018 May 2–6; Antalya. Ankara: Ankara University; 2018. p. 121–122.

47. Aydal D, Vural A, Taşdelen Uslu İ, et al. Crosta technique application on Bayramiç (Alakeçi-Kısacık) mineralized area by using Landsat 7 Etm+data. Journal of Engineering and Architecture Faculty of Selcuk University 2007; 22(3): 29–40.

48. Vural A, Aydal D. Bayramiç ve Yakın Çevresindeki Altın Zenginleşmelerinin Araştırılması (Turkish) [Investigation of gold enrichment in Bayramiç and its vicinity]. In: 69. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı; 2016 Apr 11–15; Ankara. Ankara: TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası; 2016. p. 376–377.

49. Vural A, Kaygusuz A. Kuşçayırı plütonunun petrografisi, jeokimyası ve petrolojisi (KB Türkiye) (Turkish) [Petrography, geochemistry and petrology of the Kuşçayırı pluton (NW Turkey)]. In: 4th International European Conference on Interdisciplinary Scientific Research; 2021 Aug 8–9; Warsaw. İstanbul: ISPEC Publications; 2021. p. 51–69.

50. Aydal D, Vural A, Taşdelen Uslu İ, et al. Crosta technique application on Bayramic (Alakeçi-Kisacik) mineralized area by using Landsat 7 TM data. In: 30th Anniversary Fikret Kurtman Geology Symposium; 2006 Sep 20–23; Konya. Konya: Selçuk University; 2006. p. 195.

51. Skoog D, West D, Holler F, et al. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry. 8th ed. California: Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning; 2003.

52. Rudnick R, Gao S. Composition of the continental crust. 2nd ed. In: Holland H, Turekian K (editors). Treatise on geochemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2013. p. 1–64.

53. Song X, Wang Y, Chen L. Magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits in magma plumbing systems: Features, formation and exploration. Geoscience Frontiers 2011; 2(3): 375–384. doi: 10.1016/j.gsf.2011.05.005.

54. Rollinson HR. Using geochemical data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2021. doi: 10.1017/9781108777834.

55. Kaygusuz A, Vural A. Arpaköy (Kürtün/Gümüşhane) granitoyidi İçindeki mafik magmatik anklavların mineralojik-petrografik ve mineral kimyası Özellikleri (Turkish) [Mineralogical-petrographic and mineral chemistry properties of mafic igneous anchors in Arpaköy (Kürtün/Gümüşhane) Granitoid]. In: International Scientific Research Congress Dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of Baku Eurasia University; 2022 Apr 28; Baku. İstanbul: İksad Global; 2022. p. 1724–1737.

56. Alexandre P. Practical geochemistry. Berlin: Springer; 2021.

57. Quinn KA, Byrne RH, Schijf J. Sorption of yttrium and rare earth elements by amorphous ferric hydroxide: Influence of temperature. Environmental Science and Technology 2006; 41(2): 541–546. doi: 10.1021/es0618191.

58. Dardenne K, Schäfer T, Lindqvist-Reis P, et al. Low temperature XAFS investigation on the Lutetium binding changes during the 2-line ferrihydrite alteration process. Environmental Science and Technology 2002; 36(23): 5092–5099. doi:10.1021/es025513f.

59. Bau M, Koschinsky A. Oxidative scavenging of cerium on hydrous Fe oxide: Evidence from the distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium between Fe oxides and Mn oxides in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts. Geochemical Journal 2009; 43(1): 37–47. doi: 10.2343/geochemj.1.0005.

60. Davranche M, Pourret O, Gruau G, et al. Impact of humate complexation on the adsorption of REE onto Fe oxyhydroxide. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2004; 277(2): 271–279. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.007.

61. Bosia C, Chabaux F, Pelt E, et al. U–Th–Ra variations in Himalayan river sediments (Gandak river, India): Weathering fractionation and/or grain-size sorting? Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2016; 193: 176–196. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.026.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v6i1.1850

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Alaaddin Vural

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.