Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination is the trump card for preventing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is still ranging around the world. For the containment on a global scale, it is essential that vaccines are distributed equally to both developed and developing countries. In order to expedite the research and development of this vaccines, it is important to quickly collect and analyze clinical information such as the latest outbreak status, viral infectivity and genomic information, and symptoms. Based on this latest information, including mutants, clinical trials of multiple types of vaccines using highly novel technologies such as protein, subunit vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, viral vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines, and live vaccines are undergoing. However, some issues of side reactions, such as excessive inflammatory and rejection reactions still remain. Thus, novel modalities, including high safety and efficacy of drug delivery and immune tolerance for improving these vaccines are eagerly awaited. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to highlight the latest research on the molecular mechanisms, delivery, and structure in vaccines of SARS-CoV-2. We invite submissions of both research and review articles and look forward to receiving your contributions.

SARS-CoV-2; mRNA vaccines; Virus vector vaccines; Immune responses; Antigen presentation; Lipid nanoparticle; Immune tolerance; Extracellular vesicle; HLA; Antibody production