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Abstract Epidermal Nevus Syndrome (ENS) is a congenital disorder characterized by skin lesions called epidermal nevi. This condition typically appears at birth or in infancy. However, a case of adult‐onset epidermal nevi was reported in a 36‐year‐old male with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD) and skin abnormalities on the right side of his body. He had been using topical steroids for AD but eventually started dupilumab treatment at age 41. The treatment led to significant improvements in his skin condition, including a reduction in erythema and scaling. Laboratory tests also showed improvement in serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and other markers. We report with a literature review.

Abstract Inflammation is a complex process which is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. Prolonged Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress triggers inflammation which is a key factor associated with cancer pathogenesis. ER stress also contributes to immune suppression in inflammatory and tumor microenvironment. It stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by regulating the activation of various transcription factors and inflammatory signalling pathways. Targeting ER stress is an exciting possibility that can be used as a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. This mini review focuses on the emerging link between ER stress-induced inflammatory responses in cancer development.

Abstract Background: Thyroid carcinoma represents a significant global health burden, rising worldwide incidence. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) accounts for most cases, but aggressive variants with capsular invasion and nodal metastases require more intensive treatment. Reported rates of these capsular invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis vary widely. This study aimed to elucidate associations between clinical/tumor characteristics, capsular invasion, and nodal metastasis in Vietnamese PTC patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined 1626 patients with cytologically/histologically confirmed thyroid carcinoma at a referral center in Vietnam during 2018–2020. Data collected included demographics, imaging, cytology, tumor features, capsular invasion, and nodal metastasis. Associations were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression. Results: Most patients were young (≤ 45) females with small papillary carcinomas. High rates of capsular invasion (58.7%) and nodal metastasis (28.5%) were observed. Capsular invasion was associated with higher TIRADS categories, Bethesda cytological categories, larger tumors, and papillary histology. Nodal metastasis was linked to younger age, male sex, higher TIRADS categories, larger tumors, papillary histology, and capsular invasion. Binary logistic regression identified TIRADS categories, Bethesda cytological categories, larger tumor size, younger age, male sex, and capsular invasion as independent predictors. Conclusion: Unexpectedly high rates of capsular invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis were found. TIRADS, Bethesda system, tumor size, age, sex, and capsular invasion were significant preoperative risk factors for aggressive PTC behaviors.

Abstract Background: The immunotherapy approach to colorectal cancer is becoming one of the key approaches to colorectal cancer treatment. One of the components of immune responses is tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte CD8+ cells (TILs CD8+). While chemotherapy is one of the main treatments for colorectal cancer, we need to consider immunotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. Thus, this study is aimed at finding the association between TIL CD8+ expression and chemotherapy response. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with colorectal cancer patients in the Digestive Surgery division of a tertiary general hospital in West Java, Indonesia. An immunohistochemistry examination was used to evaluate the expression of TIL CD8+. The response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) were used for the evaluation of chemotherapy response. Results : There were 53 research subjects included. There were 20 (37.7%) subjects with high expression of TILs CD8+; there were 30 (56.6%) subjects in stage III, followed by stage IV (17.32%) and stage II (6.11%). There were 18 subjects (34%) who showed progressive disease, 17 subjects (32.1%) showed partial response, and 16 subjects (30.2%) with high expression of TILs CD8+ showed partial chemotherapy response. The TILs CD8+ expression showed no significant relationship with age, sex, subtype, grade, or tumor location, but showed a significant relationship with stage and chemotherapy response ( P < 0.05). Conclusion : High TILs CD8+ expression show a relationship with better chemotherapy response and a better prognosis based on disease stage in colorectal cancer patients.

Abstract Background: LC3 serves as a marker for assessing autophagy activity in cancer cells, which is a potential focus for therapeutic interventions. It holds the potential to serve as a predictive indicator of resistance to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Thus, this study is aimed at finding the association between LC3 expression, metastasis, and chemotherapy response in colorectal patients. Methods: This study was an observational study evaluating the stage and chemotherapy response of a colorectal cancer patient in a tertiary hospital in West Java, Indonesia. The research participants included in this study were 83 subjects. The examination of LC3 was performed with immunohistochemistry. The response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) were used for the evaluation of the chemotherapy response. Results: A positive LC3 expression was shown in 58 (69.9%) patients. In positive LC3 expression, 20 subjects (27.4%) showed progressive response, 16 subjects (21.9%) showed stable response, 12 subjects (16.4%) showed partial response, and 1 subject (1.4%) showed complete response. Meanwhile, in negative LC3 expression, 12 subjects (16.4%) showed progressive response, 8 subjects (11%) showed stable response, 3 subjects (4.1%) showed partial response, and 1 subject (1.4%) showed complete response. The LC3 expression showed no significant relationship with age, sex, subtype, grade, tumor location, stage, or chemotherapy response ( p > 0.05). Conclusion: The expression of LC3 showed no significant relationship with metastasis or chemotherapy response.

Abstract Objectives: Natalizumab is an injectable DMT (disease-modifying therapy) which used for RRMS (relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis) since 2006. The drug has been available in Iran since 2014. Introduction: This study was aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of Natalizumab in a referral center in Tehran, Iran. This study is the first real world analysis of efficacy and safety of Natalizumab in our country. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with RRMS were investigated in a high-volume center in Tehran from 2019 to 2021. MS (Multiple Sclerosis) patients under treatment with Natalizumab who have received at least 3 infusions of the drug and had completed follow-up data, have been evaluated for safety and efficacy of Natalizumab. Results: 100 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean follow-up time was 20 months (6–33 months). The median EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) score of patients reached to 2 from 2.5 after the treatment course ( P < 0.0001). The annualized relapse rate (ARR) decreased from 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73–0.87) to 0.023 (95% CI 0.009–0.061). The median JCV (John Cunningham virus) index remained unchanged before treatment 0.85 (IQR: 0.21–2.41) compare to after the treatment 0.85 (IQR: 0.21–2.31). The number of patients with active brain and cervical MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) lesions decreased significantly ( P = 0.001). NEDA-3 (No evidence of disease activity) was improved from 9% to 87% after the treatment with Natalizumab. No serious adverse events except than one progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML) case have been found. The main reasons of switching from Natalizumab to the other DMDs (Disease Modifying Drugs) were positive JC index, starting phase, noncompliance, pregnancy, MRI activity and seroconversion after starting the drug. Conclusion: Natalizumab is a safe and effective choice in RRMS patients for reducing relapse rate, disability score, active MRI lesion, and improving the NEDA (No evidence of disease activity).

Abstract One of the primary concerns for women in good health is breast cancer. The most typical hazardous growth is this one. It spreads easily, and the clinical conditions are terrible. Bosom illness is the second‐most common type of malignant tumor that regularly causes women to pass away in the U.S. bosom malignant growth is the most well‐known disease among women worldwide, with 2.1 million cases reported in 2018 and more than 620,000 fatalities per year. Natural components are viewed as promising alternatives for the development of novel anti‐tumor drugs. Curcumin, also termed diferuloylmethane, is a yellow pigment made by the turmeric plant, Curcuma longa Linn . It is the curcuminoid and polyphenol present in the plant’s root that is most abundant. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory qualities of curcumin have been demonstrated, and it is frequently utilized in traditional medicine and cuisine. Due to its sophisticated pharmacological capabilities of chemoprevention and anticancer effects, curcumin, the main component of turmeric, has been linked to the treatment of breast cancer. The morbidity or mortality of the disease have not been significantly decreased by current breast cancer treatment options such as surgery, radiation, adjuvant chemotherapy, or hormone therapy. The expansion, estrogen receptor (trauma center), and human epidermal development factor receptor 2 (HER2) pathways are all involved in the activity of curcumin in illness. In breast cancer cells, curcumin is also known to regulate microRNA, cell stage-related characteristics, and apoptosis. This study reviews recent research on the atomic targets and anticancer effects of curcumin in breast cancer.

Abstract Withania somnifera is a famous medicinal plant. It is popularly known as Aswagandha. This plant has been in use in Ayurveda and Unani medicine for ages. The medicinal plant has immense medicinal properties. The plant is rich in potent medicinal phytocompounds. These phytocompounds are known to have potent antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial and immunomodulatory efficacies. Our immune system is the key player in n fighting back any kind of pathogeni attack on us. Withania somnifera extract and certain isolated phytocompounds from the plant are known to boost our immune system. Studies show that the mechanisms of immunomodulatory actions of the bioactive phytocompounds from Withania somnifera are by affecting the various cellular signaling pathways. These primarily involve the signaling pathways associated with the receptors present on the vital immune cells like the dendritic cells, T-cells and B-cells. Thus, some of the compounds of Withania suppress or activate certain components of the innate and adaptive immune system. Unlike synthetic adjuvants, the natural plant derived phytocompounds and their derivatives, as those from the Withania sp . are free from such risk factors. A strong immune system is the best possession to fight back invasions by microbes like bacteria and viruses like the SARS-CoV-2. Detailed and compact knowledge of the compounds from Withania sp . and their mechanism of modulating and impacting our immune system may make the ways for development of new supportive therapies against almost all different types of diseases including COVID 19.

Abstract Studies conducted on the chemical composition of the genus Trichilia have isolated and identified 334 different compounds such as monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, limonoids, steroids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, amino acid, phenolic acids, and lactones. This genus is used in traditional medicine for the manufacture of antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral and antimalarial drugs. Indeed, our research with numerous Trichilia species has revealed that these plants exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, anticholinesterase, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-anaphylactic properties against pathogens of major clinical value. The properties of analgesia, liver protection, and immunomodulation are also being studied. This study summarizes the main therapeutic uses of Genus Trichilia of species mentioned in the article and encourages future research into their usage in the treatment of various ailments as antimicrobial and anticancer.

Abstract The Mongolian nomadic nation has created bone healing, or fracture healing, which is suitable for the extreme weather and territory, unique living conditions, and physical characteristics while struggling to fight diseases during a long historical period. Gradually, this treatment method has gradually developed into a more comprehensive theoretical system throughout history and has unique names due to the thinking scope of the Mongols, their cognition development, and thus their use of it in their everyday lives and continuing to enrich their knowledge. Mongols have rich experience healing bone fractures and injuries from ancient times. They are usually used to perform bone setting and massage therapy. On the other hand, they have experience using herbal and mineral medicines to heal bone fractures and injuries. During their practice, the knowledge of herbal and mineral medicines used for bone fractures and injuries became expansive. After Buddhism reemerged in the 16th century, Mongolian doctors and knowledgeable people wrote many medical books in Tibetan. One of the major representatives was Jambaldorj, who wrote Mongolian materia medica, called “The beautiful wondrous eye ornament,” based on “Four medical tantras.” In treating bone fracture and injury in traditional medicine, firstly, the four treatment methods mentioned in “Four medical tantras” are the main principles and methods, which are wind, bile and phlegm theory, dietary recommendations, advice on behavior, prescribing medicine, and accessory therapy. We concluded that the names of herbal and mineral medicines used to practice bone setting are the same, even though they are mentioned in various sources.