Trends in Horticulture

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Fertilizers and Biological Products

Submission deadline: 2024-06-30
Section Editors

Section Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

 

Fertilizers improve plant growth by improving soil efficiency and changes in water retention and climate. Fertilizers usually contain substances in different proportions. Fertilizers are classified in several ways. They can be classified based on having only one nutrient. Combined fertilizers contain two or more different nutrients. Fertilizers are sometimes classified according to their nature (organic or inorganic). Organic fertilizers usually are plants (recycled) or taken from animals. Inorganic fertilizers are commonly referred to as chemical fertilizers because they require several chemical processes. Manufacturing Fertilizers in an industrial scale-up and in the framework of a project demands a certain pathway to be recognized in the implementation stage. Extracting nutrients and main materials from waste materials, waste residuals, and exploiting the raw materials or a combination of the alternatives sound economic viability in the manufacturing of fertilizers. But the question about; which one is efficient is uncertain concerning massive resources of raw materials in nature.

 

Thus, we are interested in the collective mentioned subjects in the framework of decision theory and green products sovereignty and competition, their internal strengthening processes, their operational strategies, their procedures about the biological products, and how technologies are generated and implemented.


For this, it is important to collect the experiences of manufacturing and cultivating different Fertilizers and Biological Products that have been implemented and considered their impacts and new achievements.

 

Research articles and reviews in this area of study are welcome. We look forward to receiving your contributions.


Dr. Malek Hassanpour

Section editor

Keywords

Project Identification; Decision-making Theory; Sustainability; Environmental Impact Assessment; Green Technology; Energy Conservation; Efficiency Assessment; Data Envelopment Analysis

Published Paper

Preparations methods of tizanidine (API) and related compounds: A review

Korany A. Ali;Eman Ali Ragab;
Tizanidine is an imidazoline derivative with the agonistic activity of central alpha 2 receptors at both the spinal and supra-spinal levels. It was prepared for the first time in 1978 and approved for use in 1996. The present review focuses on all methods used for the synthesis of tizanidine, related compounds and intermediates. This review article covers all the methods that have been used in the preparation of tizanidine since its discovery until now. Methods used for the preparation of tizanidine-related compounds are also covered. This review gives those interested in drug synthesis and designs the ability to form a complete picture of the preparation of this drug, as well as providing the opportunity for the synthesis of other drugs developed from this drug to increase activity and/or reduce side effects.

Click chemistry: A fascinating, Nobel-winning method for the improvement of biological activity

Yaser Acikbas;Erkan Halay;
Click chemistry is totally an approach consisting of efficient and reliable reactions that bind two molecular building blocks and require no complex purification techniques. The aspire of achieving molecules with the desired characteristics and behaviour is the key to the click chemistry concept. In this concept, in order to obtain 1,2,3-triazole products as diversely functionalized molecules, copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has been widely used for years in the field of materials science, organic synthesis and the biochemistry. This review focusses on the importance of click chemistry for obtaining biologically active triazole molecules and therefore the applications of such 1,2,3-triazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry field are highlighted.

Relationships between iodine and some trace elements in normal thyroid of females investigated by neutron activation analysis

Vladimir Zaichick;
Thyroid diseases rank second among endocrine disorders, and prevalence of the diseases is higher in the elderly as compared to the younger population. An excess or deficiency of trace element contents in thyroid play important role in goitro- and carcinogenesis of gland. The correlations with age of the ten trace element (TE) contents (Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, and Zn), I/Ag, I/Co, I/Cr, I/Fe, I/Hg, I/Rb, I/Sb, I/Sc, I/Se, and I/Zn content ratios, and inter relationships between TE contents and I/TE content ratios in normal thyroid of 33 females (age range 3.5–87 years) was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Our data reveal that the Co, Rb, Sb, Se, and Zn content increase, while the I/Co content ratio decrease in the normal thyroid of female during a lifespan. Therefore, a goitrogenic and tumorogenic effect of excessive Co, Rb, Sb, Se, and Zn level in the thyroid of old males and of disturbance in intrathyroidal I/Co relationships with increasing age may be assumed. Furthermore, it was found that the levels of Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Rb, Sb, Se, and Zn in the thyroid gland are interconnected and depend on the content of I in it. Because I plays a decisive role in the function of the thyroid gland, the data obtained allow us to conclude that, along with I, at least such TEs as Co, Cr, Fe, Rb, Sb, Se, and Zn, if not directly, then indirectly, are involved in the process of thyroid hormone synthesis.

Phase equilibria in the Ag8SiSe6-Ag8SiTe6 system and characterization of the solid solutions Ag8SiSe6-xTex

Aynura Jabbar Amiraslanova;Kamala Naghi Babanly;Samira Zakir Imamaliyeva;Yusif Amrali Yusibov;Mahammad Baba Babanly;
Due to polymorphism and complex crystal structure, compounds of the argyrodite family and phases based on them exhibit several interesting functional properties, such as thermoelectric, photoelectric, optical, as well as ionic conductivity for Cu+ and Ag+ cations. The paper presents the results of the study of phase equilibria in the Ag8SiSe6-Ag8SiTe6 system by DTA, XRD, and SEM methods. Refined data on the melting temperature (1278 K) and polymorphic transitions (315 K and 354 K) of the Ag8SiSe6 compound are presented. The crystallographic parameters of LT-Ag8SiSe6 (Cubic, F-43m, a = 1.0965 nm) and IT-Ag8SiSe6 (Cubic, P4232, a = 1.0891 nm) are also determined. It has been established that the investigated system is quasi-binary and its phase diagram is characterized by the formation of a continuous series of substitutional solid solutions between HT-Ag8SiSe6 and Ag8SiTe6. This process is accompanied by a strong decrease in the temperatures of polymorphic transformations of Ag8SiSe6, which leads to the stabilization of the ion-conducting cubic phase at room temperature in the >10 mol% Ag8SiTe6 compositions area. The crystal lattice parameters of the synthesized solid solutions are calculated by indexing the powder diffraction patterns. The stabilization of the high-temperature cubic phase at room temperature achieved by us presents new opportunities for the development of environmentally friendly thermoelectrics and ion-electronic conductors based on silicon argyrodites with desired composition and properties.






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