A gradually detailed geophysical investigation took place on Ancient Marina territory. In that area was extended Ancient Tritaea, according to responsible Archaeological Services. The first approach had been attempted since 1988 by applied electric mapping based on a twin-probe array. Later, the survey extended to the peripheral zone under the relative request from the 6th Archaeological Antiquity. A new approach was implemented by combining three different geophysical techniques, like electrical mapping, total intensity, and vertical gradient. These were applied on discrete geophysical grids. Electric mapping tried to separate the area into low and high-interest subareas according to soil resistance allocation. That technique detected enough geometrical characteristics, which worked as the main lever for the application of two other geophysical techniques. The other two techniques would be to certify the existence of geometrical characteristics, which divorced them from geological findings. Magnetic methods were characterized as a rapid technique with greater sensitivity in relation to electric mapping. Also, vertical gradient focuses on the horizontal extension of buried remains. Processing of magnetic measurements (total and vertical) certified the results from electric mapping. Also, both of the techniques confirmed the existence of human activity results, which were presented as a cross-section of two perpendicular parts. The new survey results showed that the new findings related to results from the previous approach. Geophysical research in that area is continuing.

1.         Barbolla DF, Miccoli I, Ditaranto I, et al. Geophysical Surveys to Highlight Buried Ancient Walls of Ugento (Lecce, Italy). NDT. 2024; 2(3): 204–213.

2.         Kainz J. An Integrated Archaeological Prospection and Excavation Approach at a Middle Neolithic Circular Ditch Enclosure in Austria. In: Digital Methods and Remote Sensing in Archaeology, Archaeology in the Age of Sensing. Springer; 2016.

3.         Křivánek R, Čižmář I. Verification of Geophysical Surveys by New Archaeological Excavations on the Grounds of the Middle La Tène Site of Němčice in 2021–2022. Natural Sciences in Archaeology. 2024; XV(1): 30–39. doi: 10.24916/iansa.2024.1.2

4.         Křivánek R, Tirpák J. Geophysical Survey and Changes in the Use of the Cultural Landscape. Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica Natural Sciences in Archaeology. 2023; XIV(1): 9–28. doi: 10.24916/iansa.2023.1.1

5.         Peter M, Tencer T, Vágner M, et al. Geophysical Survey of the Hillfort Staré Zámky near Brno-Líšeň, Czech Republic. Natural Sciences in Archaeology. 2020; XI(2): 183–195.

6.         Papamarinopoulos S, Papaioannou MG, Stefanopoulos P, Bafitis X. The Geophysical Discovery of a Second World War Battlefield in Central Crete During Construction Activities by a Building Company. The Solution to a Major Environmental Problem. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems; 23–26 April 1995; Orlando, FL, USA

7.         Papamarinopoulos St.P., Tsokas G.N., Lakaki M., and Savopoulou T. Advanced Geophysical Processing of Field Data and Practical Results. Geophysical Exploration of Archaeological Sites-Series. In: Theory and Practice of Applied Geophysics. Vieweg Publishing; 1993. pp. 149–157.

8.         Papamarinopoulos S, Stefanopoulos P, Papaioannou M. Geopysical investigations in search of ancient Helike and the protection of the archaeological site versus the rapid building expansion. In: International Symposium on Engineering Geology and Underground Construction. Springer; 1997

9.         Stephanopoulos P, Papamarinopoulos S. Geoelectric, geomagnetic and vertical gradient investigation on Knossos area, Crete Island for detection of archaeological settlements. Journal of Geography and Cartography. 2024; 8(1): 10310. doi: 10.24284/jgc10310

10.      Trinks L, Larsson M, Gabler E, et al. Thorén. Large-Scale Archaeological Prospection of The Iron Age Settlement Site Uppåkra-Sweden. In: Archaeological Prospection Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Archaeological Prospection Vienna. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press; 2013

11.      Milo P, Vágner M, Tencer T, Murín I. Application of Geophysical Methods in Archaeological Survey of Early Medieval Fortifications. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(10): 2471. doi: 10.3290/rs14002471

12.      Abudeif AM, Abdel Aal GZ, Ramadan HS, Al-Arifi N, et al. Mohammed. Geophysical Prospecting of the Coptic Monastery of Apa Moses Using GPR and Magnetic Techniques: A Case Study, Abydos, Sohag, Egypt. Sustainability. 2023; 15(14): 11119

13.      Gibson T. Magnetic prospection on prehistoric sites in Western Canada. Geophysics. 1986; 51(3): 553–560.

14.      Olorunfemi MO, Ogunfolakan BA, Oni A. Geophysical and Archaeological Survey in Igbo Oritaa (Iwo), Southwest Nigeria. African Archaeological Review. 2019; 36(1). doi: 1007/s10437-019-09357-7

15.      Yulianto T, Irham MN, Sasongko DP, Widada S. 3D modeling of subsurface jiwo fault around gantiwarno subdistrict, klaten district, central java using the magnetic method. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020; 1524(1): 012035.

16.      Bescoby DJ, Cawley GC, Chroston PN. Interpretation of Geophysical Surveys of Archaeological Sites using Artificial Neural Networks. Conference Paper. IEEE Xplore. 2003; doi: 10.1109/IJCNN.2003.1223850

17.      Fassbinder JWE, Hahn S, Parsi M. Geophysical Prospecting on Soils in Mesopotamia: From Mega-Cities in the Marches of Southern Iraq to Assyrian Sites in the Mountains of Kurdistan. In: World Archaeo-Geophysics. Springer Nature; 2024.

18.      Mekkawi M, Arafa-Hamed T, Abdellatif TF. Detailed magnetic survey at Dahshour archeological sites Southwest Cairo, Egypt. NRIAG Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics. 2013; 2(1): 175–183. doi: 10.1016/j.nrjag.2013.06.020

19.      Ahmed SB, El Qassas RAY, Abed El Salam HF. Mapping the possible buried archaeological targets using magnetic and ground penetrating radar data, Fayoum, Egypt, The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science. 2020; 23(3): 321–332.

20.      Grassi S, Morreale G, Lanteri R, et al. Integration of Geophysical Survey Data for the Identification of New Archaeological Remains in the Subsoil of the Akrai Greek Site (Sicily, Italy). Heritage. 2023; 6(2): 979–992.

21.      Wilhelm A. Honorary resolution found in the Epigraphic Museum (German). In: New contributions to Greek epigraphy. Forgotten Books; 2018.

22.      Rizakis A. The Achaean Cities: Epigraphy and History (French). Center for Research on Greek and Roman Antiquity, National Foundation for Scientific Research; 2008.

23.      Wilhelm A. New contributions to Greek epigraphy (German). Forgotten Books; 2018

24.      Nerandzoulis P. Achaean Dodecapolis ruins and monuments I Tritaia. Internal Publication Archaeological Service; 1938. pp. 19–22.

25.      Lakaki M. A.D.42, Chronicles B1. Archaeological Service; 1992. p. 161.

26.      Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration. Goumeron Sheet Geological Map. Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration; 1981.

27.      Butler D, Liopis J, Briuer F. Geophysical and Archaeological Investigations for Location of a Historic Cemetery, Fort Stewart, Georgia. US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Miscellaneous Paper; 1993.

28.      Saleh S, Saleh A, El Emam AE, et al. Detection of Archaeological Ruins Using Integrated Geophysical Surveys at the Pyramid of Senusret II, Lahun, Fayoum, Egypt. Pure and Applied Geophysics. 2022; 179(5): 1981–1993. doi: 10.1007/s00024-022-02910-2

29.      Branko M, Jana H, Dimc F. Comparison of different geophysical techniques in relation to archaeological data for settlement reconstruction - the case study of Nauportus. Slovenia; 2007.

30.      Bevan B. A Geophysical Survey at the West House, Richmond National Battlefield. Technical Report; 2002.

31.      Bayowa OG, Fawole O, Olorunfemi MO, et al. Magnetic and resistivity imaging of a probable fault within the Precambrian crystalline rocks in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy. 2024; 54(2): 167–189. doi: 10.30577/congeo.2024.54.2.3

32.      Stephanopoulos P. Contribution of geophysics in solution of archaeological and environmental problems [PhD Thesis]. University of Patras; 2002.

33.      Almajid Maan Hasan Abdullah, Marwan Mutib. A New Comprehension of the Basement Undulation in North Iraq Resorting to Geomagnetic Investigation, Geological Bulletin of Turkey,62 (2019) 199-216

34.      Gaweish W, Marzouk H, Petrov AV, et al. Magnetic data interpretation to determine the depth of basement rocks and structural elements of Mandisha village, El-Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. News of the Ural State Mining University. 2019; 2(54): 7–19. doi: 10.21439/2297-2091-2019-2-7-19

35.      Abubakar S, Muhammad SB. Upward continuation of total magnetic field intensity data over Sokoto basin, north-western Nigeria. Caliphate Journal of Science & Technology. 2023; 5(2):148–153. doi: 10.4304/cajost.v5i2.9

36.      Bonsall J. New Global Perspectives on Archaeological Prospection. Archaeopress Publishing; 2019.

37.      Manual Oasis Montaj 2008, Mapping and Processing System. Available online: https://www.geosoft.com (accessed on 12 January 2025).

38.      Augie AI, Salako KA, Rafiu AA, Jimoh MO. Geophysical Magnetic Data Analyses of the Geological Structures with Mineralization Potentials Over the Southern Part of Kebbi, NW Nigeria. Mining Science. 2023; 29(2022): 179–203. doi: 10.36190/msc222811

39.      Lichtenberger A, Meyer C, Schreiber, Zardaryan MH. Magnetic Prospection in the Eastern Lower City of Artashat-Artaxata in the Ararat Plain of Armenia. Electrum. 2022; 29: 109–125. doi:10.4467/20800909EL.22.008.15778

40.      Hahn SE, Fassbinder JWE, Parsi M, et al. Magnetic prospection close to the magnetic equator: Case studies in the Tigray plateau of Aksum and Y eha, Ethiopia. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Archaeological Prospection; 27 August–1 September 2019; Sligo, Ireland.

41.      Mušič B, Horvat J, Dimc F. Comparison of different geophysical techniques in relation to archaeological data for settlement reconstruction—the case study of Nauportus. In: Proceedings of the Archaeology and Computers, Workshop 12: Cultural Heritage and New Technologies; 5–7 November 2007; Wien, Slovenia.

42.      Türkiye J, Bülteni, Araştırmayla J, et al. A New Comprehension of the Basement Undulation in North Iraq Resorting to Geomagnetic Investigation. Geological Bulletin of Turkey. 2019; 62(199): 216.

43.      Hannian S, Hijab B, Laftah A. Geophysical Investigation of Babylon archeological City, Iraq. Diyala Journal for Pure Science. 2021; 17(3): 1–24. doi: 10.24236/djps.17.03.532c