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Abstract This research aims to examine the trade-off between strategies to cope with financial failure because Iraqi banks suffer from a high level of risk. Some of these banks work more with return on investment compared to risk-free return, while others are able to achieve a higher return for the same period. In this situation, there is a need for a trade-off between the elected strategies as expressed in the following research question: How can financial strategies be traded-off to cope with financial failure? The research hypothesis is: “The trade-off between financial strategies to cope with financial failure can be achieved by using financial modeling.” For the purpose of this research, the merger and acquisition strategies were used. Data was collected from the financial reports of 13 banks (covering the period of 2011–2020). Eight banks were selected and examined for their lowest and highest return on assets (ROAs). Four recorded low ROAs and the remaining four recorded high ROAs. Then, one bank was selected from each group, of which respective strategies were compared covering the period from 2016 to 2021. The financial modeling using the Excel program showed that the Eps of merger strategy is higher than the Eps of acquisition.

Abstract The purpose of the study is the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the mechanism of forming the stability of banks as a component of state regulation of the state of national security. The research methodology is based on comparing the approaches of different countries to the formation of the national security system, identifying standard features and individual characteristics depending on national interests and the conditions of their socio-economic development. The results of the analysis of the experience of different countries are the basis for recognising the importance of Ukraine in ensuring the stability of banks, which depends on the possibility of crediting businesses and citizens, making non-cash payments, and paying pensions, including temporarily occupied territories. Identifying the factors affecting the stability of banks in the conditions of crisis phenomena and choosing the methodology for assessing the strength of banks made it possible to select the most effective instruments for influencing the stability of banks and to outline the tasks for Ukraine. In addition, the monitoring of indicators of the strength of banks and achievements in the sustainable development of the state and regions contribute to the assessment of the effectiveness of public administration at the appropriate levels.

Abstract The middle-income trap has been in developmental discussions for the better part of the last decade since the inability of most Latin American countries to break out of it. There is renewed interest in the concept since the realisation that one of the biggest economies in the world, i.e., China could be caught in it. While there is abundant literature on the part that social infrastructure and human capital development plays, the effect of financial systems is relatively ignored. This paper seeks to fill this gap by understanding the role of financial system variables in escaping the middle-income trap. By taking a sample of thirteen countries and using two classification techniques—Naive Bayes and random forest, it is concluded that both bank-based measures and market-based measures have an impact on income levels. These results have strong implications on understanding how to break out of the trap for policymakers.

Abstract Blockchain technology has evolved from an enigmatic concept to a pioneering new frontier for our collective digital infrastructure in the last two decades. Its vast potential has transcended industries and possesses the capacity to transform domains as diverse as healthcare and online gaming fundamentally. However, Blockchain technology has thus far demonstrated its most efficient and effective application within the financial sector. The financial industry has benefited significantly by adapting this new technology (Blockchain) in terms of transactional transparency, security, and operational effectiveness. Blockchain is made feasible by developing immutable, decentralized, and distributed ledgers that can be viewed in real-time by numerous parties without intermediaries. As a result, transaction processing is secure and dependable, reducing the likelihood of fraud, errors, and delays. Because of their decentralized nature and smart contract technology, these instruments permit the establishment of novel financial services, such as P2P lending, decentralized insurance, and decentralized asset management. Rapid Blockchain adoption revolutionizes the financial sector, ushering in a new era of innovation and upheaval.

Abstract This paper takes a look at overcoming the problems faced by processors of cassava in Nigeria and how important the processing of cassava is to the Nigerian economy. The importance of the cassava processing industry cannot be overemphasized. Apart from providing food security, provision of employment opportunities for the ever-teeming population, it serves as a foreign exchange earner to boost the economy and provide raw materials for industries such as textile, pharmaceutical and alcohol. The roots and leaves of cassava are also source of medicine, it is also used in the production of biofuel. The paper also looked at the myriad of problems associated with the processing operations and delved into the challenges of the cassava processing industry which includes: a lack of basic infrastructural facilities, lack of access to finance the industry, excessive cost of processing equipment, poor market accessibility and limited government support. The paper proffers solutions as ways forward in taking the cassava processing industry in Nigeria to the next level.

Abstract The financial performance of energy companies has become a significant object of investigation in the most recent international literature following the processes of privatization, liberalization and deregulation that have characterized these enterprises in the last twenty years. The objective of this work is to carry out an analysis of the main international literature on the subject. To this end, the main aspects considered as determining the aforementioned performances will be highlighted, constructing a related synthesis framework with possible further and future research guidelines.