Objective: A study of the ischemic damage course and regeneration in the small intestine with disturbed regional blood flow in early postnatal ontogenesis.

Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 30 puppies at the age from 1 to 4 weeks. The state of regional blood flow in the ischemic area of the small intestine was investigated by blood filling of tissues, metabolism - by redox potential, oxygen pressure and diffusion oxygen coefficient, lipid peroxidation activity and catalase activity. Database formation and statistical calculations were performed using the applied programmes "Microsoft Excel", "ANOVA" for "Windows".

Results: The performed research showed that in animals of early age pronounced microcirculatory disorders were observed. About this evidenced significant tissue bloodfilling in the ischemic region of the small intestine. Essential disorder of the blood supply in the organ naturally led to a pronounced fall in the redox potential, the oxygen pressure, and the diffusion oxygen coefficient in the tissues.On a level with the disturbances in the electrogenesis and tissue oxygenation, we found a significant diminution in their antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by a pronounced increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in catalytic activity. Insufficient oxygen supply of tissues caused the development of irreversible changes in the intestinal wall, the disorder of the organ motility with frequent appearance of small intestinal intussusception.

Conclusions: A significant disturbance of the small intestine blood supply at the early age, caused by an operating trauma, leads to a pronounced decrease in electrical activity and oxygenation of the organ tissues, accompanied by marked metabolic disorders.

Oxygen starvation of tissues in the ischemic region of the small intestine at the early age contributes to the development of irreversible changes in the intestinal wall, and frequent disruption of the regeneration process in this area.

 Keywords: small intestine; local ischemia; early age

Background: The location of the mental foramen is important for dental surgeons. Variations in its locations can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures which involving mandible. The usual location of the mental foramen in an Indian population has not been previously reported.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most common location of the mental foramen in an Indian population.

Materials and Methods: 260 panoramic radiographs were evaluated with regard to the location and symmetry of the mental foramina in male and female subjects.
Results: We found that the mental foramen was located between the first and second premolars in 20% , in line with the second premolar in 61%, between the second premolar and mesial root of first molar 3.8%, In the line of mesial root of first molar 5.3% and distal to mesial root of first molar 0.3%. It was symmetrical in 59 %.
Conclusions: This study emphasis that the most common location of mental foramen is in the line of second premolar followed by between the two premolars. The clinician should asses the location of mental foramen before any surgical intervention involving mandible.