Characterisation of storm runoff contamination from a tropical urban residential area in Malaysia
Vol 7, Issue 1, 2024
VIEWS - 292 (Abstract) 207 (PDF)
Abstract
It has been quite a long time since the Malaysian government endorsed the Urban Storm Water Management Manual (USWMM) in 2000. Until now, there is no proper and detailed database on the non-point source contamination characteristics from various land uses in tropical regions of Malaysia. As such this study was conducted to fill part of the information gap pertaining to the nature of runoff quality in the tropical regions. The combined sewer outfall of a 6.14 ha residential area in Malaysia was studied to characterise the urban runoff quality generated due to tropical rain. As the drainage outlet discharges sullage and storm runoff through the same drainage network, hourly flow pattern and contaminant concentrations were determined both for sullage and storm runoff. Basic statistical analysis was conducted to determine the mean, standard deviation and event mean concentration values for the study area, for which such data was not available. It was observed that the runoff generated from the area is polluted due to high total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The runoff contained more total organic carbon (TOC) than total inorganic carbon (TIC). The EMC values of BOD, COD, TSS, TOC, total Kjeldhal nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen and orthophosphate were 35, 168, 177, 11, 0.32, 0.54, 0.16 mg/L, respectively. The presence of heavy metals in the runoff was low. The EMC values of lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium, chromium and copper were 0.061, 0.358, 0.002, 0.002, 0.025 and 0.022 mg/L, respectively. Due to the high quantity of rainfall, a significant amount of annual contamination loading is generated from the nonpoint sources of the residential area.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Todeschini S, Papiri S, Ciaponi C. Placement strategies and cumulative effects of wet-weather control practices for intermunicipal sewerage systems. Water Resources Management 2018; 32: 2885–2900. doi: 10.1007/s11269-018-1964-y
2. Müller A, Österlund H, Marsalek J, Viklander M. The pollution conveyed by urban runoff: A review of sources. Science of Total Environment 2020; 709: 136125. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136125
3. Guo Z, Metali HMKBH, Shams S, et al. Build-up and wash-off dynamics of organic pollutants, nutrients and coliforms on impervious surfaces: An experiment. International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy 2019; 8(5): 529–538. doi: 10.12720/sgce.8.5.529-538
4. Todeschini S. Hydrologic and environmental impacts of imperviousness in an industrial catchment of Northern Italy. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 2016; 21(7): 5016013. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001348
5. Huang J, Tu Z, Du P, et al. Analysis of rainfall run of characteristics from a subtropical urban lawn catchment in South-east China. Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering 2012; 6(4): 531–539. doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0287-x
6. Pilon BS, Tyner JS, Yoder DC, Buchanan JR. The effect of pervious concrete on water quality parameters: A case study. Water 2019; 11(2): 263. doi: 10.3390/w11020263
7. Yuan Q, Guerra HB, Kim Y. An investigation of the relationships between rainfall conditions and pollutant wash-off from the paved road. Water 2017; 9(4): 232. doi: 10.3390/w9040232
8. Charters FJ, Cochrane TA, O’Sullivan AD. Untreated runoff quality from roof and road surfaces in a low intensity rainfall climate. Science of Total Environment 2016; 550: 265–272. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.093
9. Wilson CO. Land use/land cover water quality nexus: Quantifying anthropogenic influences on surface water quality. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2015; 187(7): 424. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4666-4
10. Loehr RC. Non-point contamination sources and control. In: Water pollution control in low density areas. Proceedings of a rural environmental engineering conference. 1975. pp. 269-299. Available online: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Water-pollution-control-in-low-density-areas-Jewell-Swan/cd0f3a2b72a7cdf323fb08693ba9731cb735bab0 (accessed on 9 June 2023).
11. Spahr S, Teixidó M, Sedlak DL, Luthy RG. Hydrophilic trace organic contaminants in urban stormwater: Occurrence, toxicological relevance, and the need to enhance green stormwater infrastructure. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology 2020; 6(1): 15–44. doi: 10.1039/C9EW00674E
12. Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID). Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia. Ministry of Agriculture; 2000.
13. Huang J, Zhan J, Yan H, et al. Evaluation of the impacts of land use on water quality: A case study in the Chaohu Lake basin. The Scientific World Journal 2013; 2013: 329187. doi: 10.1155/2013/329187
14. Ghazali SN, Sulaiman FR. Water quality of roof runoff in sub-urban Malaysia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2018; 6: 125–128.
15. Gromaire MC, Lamprea-Bretaudeau K, Mirande-Bret C, et al. Organic micropollutants in roof runoff—A study of the emission/retention potential of green roofs. In: 13th International Conference on Urban Drainage; 7–12 September 2014; Kuching, Malaysia. pp. 2516832.
16. Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Rice EW, et al. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21th ed. Amer Public Health Assn; 2005. p. 21.
17. Wijesiri B, Egodawatta P, McGree J, et al. Influence of pollutant build-up on variability in wash-off from urban road surfaces. Science of Total Environment 2015; 527–528: 344–350. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.093
18. Zhao C, Gao SJ, Zhou L, et al. Dissolved organic matter in urban forestland soil and its interactions with typical heavy metals: A case of Daxing District, Beijing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019; 26: 2960–2973. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3860-7
19. Song H, Qin T, Wang J, Wong THF. Characteristics of stormwater quality in Singapore catchments in 9 different types of land use. Water 2019; 11(5): 1089. doi: 10.3390/w11051089
20. Rădulescu D, Racovițeanu G, Swamikannu X. Comparison of urban residential storm water runoff quality in Bucharest, Romania with international data. E3S Web of Conferences 2019; 85: 07019. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/20198507019
21. Zhang C, Zhang C, Gao Z, Wu Z. Pollution feature analysis on heavy metals in rainfall runoff of Qingdao residential area. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2015); 25–26 September 2015; Shenzhen, China. pp. 1244–1250.
22. Pribak M, Siegrist J. A simplified approach to pollutant load modeling. Journal of Water Management and Modeling 2015; C387. doi: 10.14796/JWMM.C387
23. Cabezas M, Manning JP. Watershed model update and plan development contract 08-5122, PO 4500106318 Element 1, Task 3: Surface Water Pollutant Loads. Technical Memorandum, 2011. Available online: https://www.colliercountyfl.gov/home/showpublisheddocument?id=35321 (accessed on 9 June 2023).
24. Nazahiyah R, Yusop Z, Abustan I. Stormwater quality and pollution loading from an urban residential catchment in Johor, Malaysia. Water Science and Technology 2007; 56(7): 1–9. doi: 10.2166/wst.2007.692
25. Behera PK, Adams BJ, Li JY. Runoff quality analysis of urban catchments with analytical probabilistic models. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 2006; 132(1): 4–14. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:1(4)
26. Yusop Z, Tan LW, Ujang Z, et al. Runoff quality and contamination loadings from a tropical urban catchment. Water Science and Technology 2005; 52(9): 125–132. doi: 10.2166/wst.2005.0302
27. Murray JE, Cave KA. Rouge River national wet weather demonstration project, Wayne County, Michigan, the USA, 1997. Available online: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Rouge-River-National-Wet-Weather-Demonstration-County/3c6e6cd2e96e64d741ddd748738a7a0a63e8d441 (accessed on 9 June 2023).
28. Idris A, Wan Azmin WN, Soom MAM, Abdullah‐Al‐Mamun. The importance of sullage (grey‐water) treatment in the restoration and conservation of urban streams. International Journal of River Basin Management 2005; 3(3): 223–227. doi: 10.1080/15715124.2005.9635262
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/ace.v7i1.2224
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/