Dear Colleagues,

Most skin diseases involve the immunological mechanisms especially the crosstalk between cutaneous immune cells and resident cells. The immunotherapies arise in the management of refractory skin diseases by targeting key cytokines or cells that contribute to the dysfunction of cutaneous homeostasis. Many patients are benefiting from immunomodulatory drugs as they suffer from psoriasis, connective tissue disorders, allergy, alopecia, viral infections, etc. Current immunotherapies mainly target excessive cytokines or antibodies, overreactive immune cells, or suppressed immune responses. Novel therapeutical strategies are under development by designing small molecules that selectively block or activate certain signaling transduction during skin inflammation. However, the inconsistence often exists between the results from in vivo and in vitro experiments, and animal models may not fully reflect immune dysfunction in patients. More clinical trials and immunological evaluation are requisite before the considerable application of immunotherapies for patients with skin diseases.