The increasing complexity of space activities has introduced new challenges in categorizing and addressing crimes beyond Earth. These space crimes, influenced by unique environmental and psychological factors, require specialized legal expertise and innovative defense strategies. The harsh conditions of outer space and other planetary bodies add another layer of complexity to these issues. Despite their diversity, space crimes can often be classified using terrestrial crime definitions, though interpretations and justice methods may vary internationally. This research aims to explore the multifaceted nature of space crimes, influenced by factors such as environmental stress, emotional strain from family separation, constant safety concerns, and the nature of space occupations. The goal is to understand how these factors impact individuals’ behavior and resilience in space. Recent incidents, like the alleged first crime in space involving NASA astronaut Anne McClain, underscore the urgent need for clear legal frameworks as space activities expand. With over 50 nations now engaged in space endeavors, the legal landscape for space crimes will continue to evolve, particularly with the growth of space tourism, militarization, and commercial activities. This study seeks to provide insights into the classification, causes, and potential solutions for space crimes, aiming to contribute to a safer and more regulated space environment.

space crimes; legal frameworks; environmental crimes; international law; space activities; psychological factors

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