Exploring the moderator role of organizational citizenship behavior-organization, organizational citizenship behavior-individual in the relationship between human capital management, work ethics, and agent performance

Suhardi Suhardi, Yvonne Wangdra, Realize Realize, Dhio Shafiq, Sheisa Anzeala

Article ID: 9894
Vol 9, Issue 3, 2025

VIEWS - 11 (Abstract)

Abstract


This study aims to determine the effect of Human Capital Management (HCM) and work ethics on the performance of life insurance agents mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Organization (OCB-O) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Individual (OCB-I). The data was collected from 103 respondents who had entered the category of having won the Top Agent Awards (TAA) using a survey approach with questionnaires. The population consisted of life insurance agents who had won the TAA/MDRT, a 5 Likert scale questionnaire, and analyses using the SEM-AMOS-21 program. The results prove HCM has a positive significant effect on work ethics; HCM does not have a substantial impact on OCB-O and OCB-I; Work Ethics have a considerable effect on OCB-I and OCB-O; OCB-O and OCB-I have no significant impact on performance; HCM does not have a substantial effect on performance; Work Ethics does not have a considerable impact on performance, however, if OCB-I mediates HCM it will strengthening agent Performance, likewise, Work Ethics if mediated by OCB-I, will strengthening Performance. The findings of this study are that for insurance agents to perform well, companies can treat agents as HCM and work ethics, and it is essential to pay attention to OCB-I as mediation in improving agent performance.


Keywords


organizational citizenship behavior-individual; organizational citizenship behavior-organization; human capital management; work ethics; performance

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Alnachef, T., Alhajjar, A., Hasan Alnachef, T., & Ahsan Alhajjar, A. (2017). Effect of Human Capital on Organizational Performance: A Literature Review. Article in International Journal of Science and Research, 6. https://doi.org/10.21275/ART20176151

  2. Alwagfi, A. A., Aljawarneh, N. M., & Alomari, K. A. (2020). Work Ethics and Social Responsibility: Actual and Aspiration. Journal of Management Research, 12(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v12i1.15794

  3. Arifin, S., & Rachman Putra, A. (2020). Employee Performance Development through Work Experience, Work Ethic, Compensation. Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 22(7), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2207023945

  4. Asosiasi Asuransi Jiwa Indonesia. (2022). Top Agent Awards AAJI 2022: Pemenang TAA - AAJI ke 35. Available online» Https://Drive.Google.Com/File/d/1_Var_dCC8mF7HnscYAmF7TXX9H1yGYyN/View?Usp=sharing (accessed on 12 January 2024).

  5. Boon, C., Eckardt, R., Lepak, D. P., & Boselie, P. (2018). Integrating strategic human capital and strategic human resource management. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(1), 34–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1380063

  6. Chung, Y. W. (2020). The relationship between workplace ostracism, tmx, task interdependence, and task performance: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124432

  7. Faraz, N. A., Mughal, M. F., Ahmed, F., Raza, A., & Khalid Iqbal, M. (2019). The Impact of Servant Leadership on Employees’ Innovative Work Behaviour-Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment. International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 5(3), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.53.1002

  8. Farkas, K. J., & Romaniuk, J. R. (2020). Social Work, Ethics and Vulnerable Groups in the Time of Coronavirus and COVID-19. Society Register, 4(2), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.14746/sr.2020.4.2.05

  9. Gautam, P. K., & Gautam, R. R. (2022). Investing in Human Capital Management for Firm Performance: Liability or Strategic Alignment? Management Dynamics, 25(2), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.3126/md.v25i2.57426

  10. Georgiev, G. S. (2021). The Human Capital Management Movement in U.S. Corporate Law. Tulane Law Review, 95(3), 639–699.

  11. Hadiyan, E., & Faisal, F. (2021). Model Konsep Pengembangan Human Capital dengan Etos Kerja sebagai Variabel Intervaning Menuju Peningkatan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 4(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v4i1.308

  12. Harjanti, W., Wahjoedi, T., Kartika Sari, A., Budi Setiadi, P., & Suhermin, S. (2021). Work Experience, Interpersonal Communication on Performance and Use of Information Technology, Aircraft Maintenance Companies. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan), 5(4), 513–532. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2021.v5.i4.4840

  13. Hendrawan, A., Sucahyowati, H., & Cahyandi, K. (2020). Avoid Leadership Pengaruhnya terhadap Kinerja dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). In: Proceedings of the 7th NCAB 2020: National Conference Applied Business.

  14. Hossain, M. U., & Roy, I. (2016). Human Capital Management: The New Competitive Approach. Article in International Journal of Commerce and Management.

  15. Irmawati, B., & Bekti Retnawati, B. (2018). Differences in OCB-I and OCB-O Based on Gender: A Case of Insurance Agents in Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences, 3(10). https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3436

  16. Khan, K. (2017). The Role of Islamic Work Ethics in The Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support, Organization. International Business School. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; 2017.

  17. Kucharčíková, A., Tokarčíková, E., & Blašková, M. (2015). Human Capital Management – Aspect of the Human Capital Efficiency in University Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 177, 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.332

  18. Kurniadi, D. (2024). Influence of Human Capital, Emotional Intelligence and Self Efficacy to Employee Performance Moderated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in Politeknik Pelayaran Malahayati Aceh. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5), 352–369. https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i5.2477

  19. Prasojo, L. D., Amirul Mukminin, F. N. M. (2017). Manajemen Startegi Human Capital Dalam Pendidikan, 1st ed. UNY Press.

  20. Lin, X., Zhao, Y., Ahmad, M., et al. (2021). Linking innovative human capital, economic growth, and Co2 emissions: An empirical study based on Chinese provincial panel data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168503

  21. Lutfi, A. M., Wahyuni, P., & Mardiana, T. (2020). Pengaruh job embeddedness terhadap job performance yang dimediasi oleh organizational citizenship behavior. Ekuitas (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan), 4(3), 332–352. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2020.v4.i3.4235

  22. Marimuthu, M., Arokiasamy, L., & Ismail, M. (2009). Human Capital Development and ITS Impact on Firm Performance: Evidence from Developmental Economics. Uluslararası Sosyal Aratırmalar Dergisi The Journal of International Social Research, 2.

  23. Newman, A., Schwarz, G., Cooper, B., & Sendjaya, S. (2017). How Servant Leadership Influences Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Roles of LMX, Empowerment, and Proactive Personality. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2827-6

  24. Otoo, F., Kuar, M., & Otoo, E. (2022). Does human capital mediate the nexus of human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational performance? International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 11(5), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i5.1829

  25. Peterson, B. G., & Carl, P. (2018). Performance Analytics: econometric tools for performance and risk analysis. R Package Version.

  26. Ratten, V., & Ferreira, J. (2016). Global talent management and corporate entrepreneurship strategy. International Business and Management, 32, 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1876-066X20160000032006

  27. Rifai, A. (2021). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian. In: Rifai A (editor). Suka Press (Cetakan Pe). Suka Press.

  28. Rizal, F. (2024). Pengaruh Human Capital, Emotional Intelligence Dan Self Efficacy Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dimoderasi Oleh Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi (JEMSI), 5(3), 409–414. https://doi.org/10.31933/jemsi.v5i3

  29. Romi, M. V., Ahman, E., Disman, et al. (2020a). Islamic work ethics-based organizational citizenship behavior to improve the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of higher education lecturers in Indonesia. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(2), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n2p78

  30. Romi, M. V., Ahman, E., Disman, et al. (2020b). Islamic work ethics-based organizational citizenship behavior to improve the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of higher education lecturers in Indonesia. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(2), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n2p78

  31. Saban, D., Basalamah, S., Gani, A., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Impact Of Islamic Work Ethics, Competencies, Compensation, Work Culture On Job Satisfaction And Employee Performance: The Case Of Four Star Hotels. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.1.181

  32. Sambung, R. (2011a). OCB-O dengan Dukungan Organisasi sebagai Variabel Moderating (Studi pada Universitas Palangka Raya). Jurnal Analisis Manajemen, 5(2), 77–90.

  33. Sambung, R. (2011b). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap OCB-I dan OCB-O dengan Dukungan Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Moderating (Studi pada Universitas Palangka Raya). Analisis Manajemen, 5(2), 77–90.

  34. Sambung, R. (2014). Pengaruh Kepribadian terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) dengan Komitmen Organisasional sebagai Intervening (Studi pada Universitas Palangka Raya). Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 3(1), 1–16.

  35. Santos, R. S., Lousã, E. P., Sá, M. M., & Cordeiro, J. A. (2023). First, Be a Good Citizen: Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Well-Being at Work and the Moderating Role of Leadership Styles. Behavioral Sciences, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13100811

  36. Sari, A. E., Yusnita, I., & Albetris, A. (2022). Pengaruh Human Capital dan Social Capital Terhadap Intelectual Capital dengan Organizational Citizenship Behaviour sebagai Variabel Mediasi pada Perangkat Desa di Kabupaten Kerinci. Ekonomis: Journal of Economics and Business, 6(1), 296–303. https://doi.org/10.33087/ekonomis.v6i1.510

  37. Soelistya, D. (2017). Membangun Komitmen Karyawan Melalui Social Esteem. Nizamial Learning Center.

  38. Soelistya, D., Septiarisna Warindra, A., Desembrianita, E., et al. (2023). The Role of Competence on Performance: Leadership Style as an Intervening Variable. Jurnal Manajemen Industri Dan Logistik, 7, 264–280. https://doi.org/10.30988/jmil.v7i1.1195

  39. Suhardi, Aisyah, N., Purwari, T., et al. (2023). The Importance of Human Capital in the Indonesian Life Insurance Industry as a Competitive Advantage. Kurdish Studies, 11(2).

  40. Suhardi, Ratih, I. A. B.,, Sari, I. A. B. (2018). The effect of competence, compensation of organizational citizenship behavior and performance of employees in life insurance companies in Batam City. Archives of Business Research, 6(10), 295–307.

  41. Suhartati, A., Mauludin, H., & Liana, Y. (2022). The Effect of Compensation on Loyalty, Work Ethics, and Productivity of Contract Labour (Case Study on Polinema). International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 06(10), 196–210. https://doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2022.61014

  42. Sukati, I., Elfi Husda, N., Wangdra, Y., & Suhardi, S. (2024). Logistics Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Salalah Port Oman. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i6.388710.62754

  43. Sutarman, A., Ramdani, S., Anjani, F. K., & Pratama, A. A. (2023). Quality Management and Work Culture on Employee Performance: Mediating Role of Work Loyalty. International Journal of Islamic Business and Management Review, 3(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.54099/ijibmr.v3i1.592

  44. Zeb, A., Hazana Abdullah, N., Javaid, M., & Asad Khan, M. (2017). Impact of Human Capital Management Practices on Employees’ Job Performance. Journal of Physics: Conference Series & Physics, 1049(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1049/1/012020

  45. Zeb, A., Hazana Abdullah, N., Javaid, M., & Asad Khan, M. (2018). Impact of Human Capital Management Practices on Employees’ Job Performance. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1049(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1049/1/012020

  46. Zúñiga, C., Aguado, D., & Cabrera-Tenecela, P. (2022). Values That Work: Exploring the Moderator Role of Protestant Work Ethics in the Relationship between Human Resources Practices and Work Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Administrative Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010011



DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd9894

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.