knowledge-based training and development; performance appraisal; recruiting practices; compensation practices; organizational performance

Aguirre-Urreta, M. I., and Hu, J. (2019). Detecting common method bias: Performance of the Harman’s single-factor test. ACM SIGMIS database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 50(2), 45–70. Andreeva, T., and Kianto, A. (2012). Does knowledge management really matter? Linking knowledge management practices, competitiveness and economic performance. Journal of knowledge management, 16(4), 617–636. Andreeva, T., Vanhala, M., Sergeeva, A., Ritala, P., and Kianto, A. (2017). When the fit between HR practices backfires: Exploring the interaction effects between rewards for and appraisal of knowledge behaviours on innovation. Human Resource Management Journal, 27(2), 209–227. Bock, G. W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y. G., and Lee, J. N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledgesharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate’. MIS Quarterly, 29(1), 87–111. Bolisani, E., and Bratianu, C. (2018). The emergence of knowledge management. In Emergent knowledge strategies (pp. 23–47). Springer, Cham. Butt, M. A., Nawaz, F., Hussain, S., Sousa, M. J., Wang, M., Sumbal, M. S., and Shujahat, M. (2019). Individual knowledge management engagement, knowledge-worker productivity, and innovation performance in knowledge-based organizations: The implications for knowledge processes and knowledge-based systems. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 25(3), 336–356. Cabrera, A., Collins, W. C., and Salgado, J. F. (2006). Determinants of individual engagement in knowledge sharing’. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(2), 245–264. Chen, C. J., Huang, J. W., and Hsiao, Y. C. (2010). Knowledge management and innovativeness: The role of organizational climate and structure. International Journal of Manpower, 31(8), 848–870. Chin, W. W. (1998b). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295–336. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd. In: Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Cohen, J. F., and Olsen, K. (2015). Knowledge management capabilities and firm performance: A test of universalistic, contingency and complementarity perspectives. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(3), 1178–1188. Cooper, D. R., and Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods. © The McGraw− Hill Companies. Drucker, P. F. (1999). “Knowledge-Worker Productivity: The Biggest Challenge”. California Management Review 41 (2): 79–94. Field, J. C., and Chan, X. W. (2018). Contemporary knowledge workers and the boundaryless work–life interface: Implications for the human resource management of the knowledge workforce. Frontiers in Psychology, 2414. Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, 18(1), 39–50. Foss, N., and Michailova, S. (2009). Knowledge Governance: Processes and Perspectives, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Haider, S. A., and Kayani, U. N. (2020). The impact of customer knowledge management capability on project performance-mediating role of strategic agility. Journal of Knowledge Management. 25 (2), 298–312. Haider, S. A., Akbar, A., Tehseen, S., Poulova, P., and Jaleel, F. (2022). The impact of responsible leadership on knowledge sharing behavior through the mediating role of person–organization fit and moderating role of higher educational institute culture. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(4), 100265. Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., and Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). European business review. Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Matthews, L. M., and Ringle, C. M. (2016). Identifying and treating unobserved heterogeneity with FIMIX-PLS: Part I–method. European Business Review. Heisig, P., Olunifesi Adekunle, S., Kianto, A., Kemboi, C., Perez-Arrau, G., and Easa, N. (2016). Knowledge management and business performance: Global experts’ views on future research needs. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(6), 1169–1198. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115–135. Husted, K., and Michailova, S. (2002). Diagnosing and fighting knowledge-sharing hostility. Organizational Dynamics, 31(1), 60–73. Idrees, H., Xu, J., Haider, S. A., and Tehseen, S. (2023). A systematic review of knowledge management and new product development projects: Trends, issues, and challenges. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(2), 100350. Inkinen, H. (2016). Review of empirical research on knowledge management practices and firm performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(2), 230–257. Inkinen, H. T., Kianto, A., and Vanhala, M. (2015). Knowledge management practices and innovation performance in Finland. Baltic Journal of Management, 10(4), pp.432–455. Iqbal, A. (2021). Innovation speed and quality in higher education institutions: The role of knowledge management enablers and knowledge sharing process. Journal of Knowledge Management. Iqbal, A., Latif, F., Marimon, F., Sahibzada, U. F., and Hussain, S. (2019). “From Knowledge Management to Organizational Performance: Modelling the Mediating Role of Innovation and Intellectual Capital in Higher Education”. Journal of Enterprise Information Management 32 (1): 36–59. Kianto, A., Hussinki, H., Vanhala, M., and Nisula, A.-M. (2018b). “The State of Knowledge Management in Logistics SMEs: Evidence from Two Finnish Regions”. Knowledge Management Research Practice 16 (4): 477–87. Kianto, A., Hussinki, H., and Vanhala, M. (2018a). The Impact of Knowledge Management on the Market Performance of Companies. In Knowledge Management in the Sharing Economy (pp. 189–207). Springer, Cham. Kianto, A., Shujahat, M., Hussain, S., Nawaz, F., and Ali, M. (2019). “The Impact of Knowledge Management on Knowledge Worker Productivity”. Baltic Journal of Management 14 (2): 178–97. Kianto, A., Ritala, P., Spender, J. C., and Vanhala, M. (2014). The interaction of intellectual capital assets and knowledge management practices in organizational value creation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 15(3), 362–375. Kianto, A., Sáenz, J., and Aramburu, N. (2017). Knowledge-based human resource management practices, intellectual capital and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 81, 11–20. Kock, N. (2017). WarpPLS user manual: Version 6.0. ScriptWarp Systems: Laredo, TX, USA. Lee, V. H., Foo, A. T. L., Leong, L. Y., and Ooi, K. B. (2016). Can competitive advantage be achieved through knowledge management? A case study on SMEs. Expert Systems with Applications, 65, 136–151. Lee, V., Leong, L., Hew, T., and Ooi, K. (2013). Knowledge management: A key determinant in advancing technological innovation?. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(6), 848–872. Lepak, D. P., and Snell, S. A. (1999). The human resource architecture: Toward a theory of human capital allocation and development. Academy of Management Review, 24(1), 31–48. Lopez‐Cabrales, A., Pérez‐Luño, A., and Cabrera, R.V. (2009). Knowledge as a mediator between HRM practices and innovative activity. Human Resource Management, 48(4), pp.485–503. Mata, M. N., Anees, S. S. T., Haider, S. A., Jabeen, S., Correia, A. B., and Rita, J. X. (2021). Impact of non-monetary factors on retention of higher education institues teachers through mediating role of motivation. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(2). Mohrman, S., Finegold, D., and Klein, J. (2002). Designing the knowledge enterprise: Beyond programs and tools. Organizational Dynamics, 31(2), pp. 134–150. Palvalin, M., Vuolle, M., Jääskeläinen, A., Laihonen, H., and Lönnqvist, A. (2015). SmartWoW–constructing a tool for knowledge work performance analysis. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 64(4), 479–498. Qureshi, N. A., and Afsar, B. (2021). Modelling an environmental context for collaborative research productivity: Perceptions about knowledge sharing from Pakistani universities. International Journal of Knowledge and Learning, 14(2), 175–192. Ramayah, T., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., Ting, H., and Memon, M. A. (2018). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using smartPLS 3.0. In An Updated Guide and Practical Guide to Statistical Analysis. Pearson. Razzaq, S., Shujahat, M., Hussain, S., Nawaz, F., Wang, M., Ali, M., and Tehseen, S. (2018). Knowledge management, organizational commitment and knowledge-worker performance: The neglected role of knowledge management in the public sector. Business Process Management Journal. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/BPMJ-03-2018-0079 Rehman, K., Poulova, P., Yasmin, F., Haider, S. A., and Jabeen, S. (2021). Empirical investigation of the impacts of knowledge management on organizational learning-a case study of higher education institutions. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20, 1–15. Sahibzada, U. F., Jianfeng, C., Latif, K. F., Shafait, Z., and Sahibzada, H. F. (2020). Interpreting the impact of knowledge management processes on organizational performance in Chinese higher education: Mediating role of knowledge worker productivity. Studies in Higher Education, 1–18. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students (5th Eds) Essex: Pearson Education Ltd. Scarbrough, H. (2003). Knowledge management, HRM and the innovation process. International Journal of Manpower, 24(5), 501–516. Shujahat, M., Sousa, M. J., Hussain, S., Nawaz, F., Wang, M., and Umer, M. (2019). Translating the impact of knowledge management processes into knowledge-based innovation: The neglected and mediating role of knowledge-worker productivity. Journal of Business Research, 94, 442–450. Tapio, I. H., Aino, K., and Mika, V. (2015). Knowledge management practices and innovation performance in Finland. Baltic Journal of Management, 10(4), 432–455. doi:doi:10.1108/BJM-10-2014-0178 Tseng, F. C., and Fan, Y. J. (2011). Exploring the influence of organizational ethical climate on knowledge management. Journal of Business Ethics, 101(2), 325–342. Tseng, S. (2010). “The correlation between organizational culture and knowledge conversion on corporate performance”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 14(2), 269–284. Usoro, A., and Abiagam, B. (2018). Culture effect on knowledge management adoption in Nigerian hospitality industry. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 48(3), 314–332. Wang, Z., and Wang, N. (2012). Knowledge sharing, innovation and firm performance. Expert systems with applications, 39(10), 8899–8908. Westover, J. H., Westover, A. R., and Westover, L. A. (2010). “Enhancing Long-Term Worker Productivity and Performance: The Connection of key Work Domains to job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment”. International Journal of Productivity Performance Management 59 (4): 372–87. Wong, K. Y. (2005). Critical success factors for implementing knowledge management in small and medium enterprises. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 105(3), 261–279. Yahya, S., and Goh, W.-K. (2002). Managing human resources toward achieving knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(5), 457– 468. Zack, M., McKeen, J. and Singh, S. (2009). Knowledge management and organizational performance: An exploratory survey. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(6), 392–409.