This study examines the impact of education quality and innovative activities on economic growth in Shanghai through international trade and fixed asset formation. The study examines how higher education quality and innovation activities drive regional economic growth, with a focus on the mediating effects of international trade and fixed asset formation in Shanghai. The study adopts a quantitative approach utilizing panel data from 31 provinces in China covering the period from 1999 to 2022. The study incorporates variables such as education quality, innovation capacity, and GDP per capita, as well as control variables like labor, capital, and infrastructure. The methodology involves multiple regression models and robustness tests to verify the relationships between and effects of education quality and innovation with regard to economic growth. This study analyzes the direct and indirect effects of university R&D expenditure and innovation on economic growth using a regression model, based on data from 2014 to 2022 in relation to Shanghai. The model introduces variables such as international trade, capital formation, and urbanization to analyze the relationship between higher education quality and economic growth.

Acs, Z. J., Armington, C., & Zhang, T. (2015). The determinants of new-firm survival across regional economies: The role of human capital stock and knowledge spillover. In Global Entrepreneurship, Institutions and Incentives (pp. 344-368). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Agyapong, F. O., Agyapong, A., & Poku, K. (2017). Nexus between social capital and performance of micro and small firms in an emerging economy: The mediating role of innovation. Cogent Business & Management, 4(1), 1309784.Full article: Nexus between social capital and performance of micro and small firms in an emerging economy: The mediating role of innovation (tandfonline.com)

Ajibike, J. O., & Fagbemi, F. (2022). Assessing the economic importance of innovation in Nigeria: An empirical approach. The Int Rev Eco Stu: TIRES-103.assessing-the-economic-importance-of-innovation-in-nigeria-an-empirical-approach.pdf (cmjpublishers.com)

Asker, J., Collard-Wexler, A., & De Loecker, J. (2014). Dynamic inputs and resource (mis) allocation. Journal of Political Economy, 122(5), 1013-1063.

Bohari, A., Wider, W., Udang, L. N., et al. (2024). Transformational leadership’s role in shaping Education 4.0 within higher education. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(8), 4900.Chapter 18: The determinants of new-firm survival across regional economies: The role of human capital stock and knowledge spillover in: Global Entrepreneurship, Institutions and Incentives (elgaronline.com)

Coe, D. T., & Helpman, E. (1995). International r&d spillovers. European economic review, 39(5), 859-887.Dynamic Inputs and Resource (Mis)Allocation | Journal of Political Economy: Vol 122, No 5 (uchicago.edu)

Dubiei, Y. V. (2020). Interrelation between human capital and innovation in the context of technical and technological development of a country. Scientific Bulletin of National Mining University, (6). Interrelation between human capital and innovation in the context of technical and technological development of a country - Науковий вісник НГУ (nvngu.in.ua)

Fagerberg, J. (2018). Technological progress, structural change and productivity growth: a comparative study. In Innovation, Economic Development and Policy (pp. 214-232). Edward Elgar Publishing. Chapter 10: Technological progress, structural change and productivity growth: a comparative study in: Innovation, Economic Development and Policy (elgaronline.com)

Fan, F., Lian, H., & Wang, S. (2020). Can regional collaborative innovation improve innovation efficiency? An empirical study of Chinese cities. Growth and Change, 51(1), 440-463.

Griliches, Z. (1998). Patent statistics as economic indicators: a survey. In R&D and productivity: the econometric evidence (pp. 287-343). University of Chicago Press. Can regional collaborative innovation improve innovation efficiency? An empirical study of Chinese cities - Fan - 2020 - Growth and Change - Wiley Online Library

Hou, B., Hong, J., Wang, S., Shi, X., & Zhu, C. (2021). University-industry linkages, regional entrepreneurship and economic growth: evidence from China. Post-Communist Economies, 33(5), 637-659.

Howitt, P. (2010). Endogenous growth theory. In Economic growth (pp. 68-73). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. endogenous growth theory | SpringerLink https://doaj.org/article/b17f6c8c803c4f9db9a53c9a116030fe

Joao, C. A. (2022). The Determinants of Economic Growth in sub-Saharan Africa (1990–2021).

Khan, M. A., Kong, D., Xiang, J., & Zhang, J. (2020). Impact of institutional quality on financial development: cross-country evidence based on emerging and growth-leading economies. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 56(15), 3829-3845. Financial development, institutional quality and economic growth in countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) | International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy (2687-2293) (bussecon.com)

Lawrence, R. Z. (2015). Recent declines in labor’s share in US income: A preliminary neoclassical account (No. w21296). National Bureau of Economic Research. Recent Declines in Labor’s Share in US Income: A Preliminary Neoclassical Account | NBER

Li, X., Chen, F., & Hu, S. (2021). Spatial Spillover Effect of Government Public Health Spending on Regional Economic Growth during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: An Evidence from China. Complexity, 2021(1), 5552552.

Liang, W., & Yang, M. (2019). Urbanization, economic growth and environmental pollution: Evidence from China. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 21, 1-9. Urbanization, economic growth and environmental pollution: Evidence from China - ScienceDirect

Liu, X., Wang, K., Luo, D., Chen, L., & Zhang, H. (2024). Studies on the quantification and time-sequence development of integration of industry and education level in higher vocational education based on the panel data of China’s provincial from 2016 to 2022. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(6), 6292.

Lucas Jr, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of monetary economics, 22(1), 3-42. On the mechanics of economic development - ScienceDirectMd Reza, S., Fan, H., Wang, B., Bhuiyan, M. A., & KM Mehedi, A. (2019). Trade (exports) as an opportunity for Bangladesh: A VECM analysis. The International Trade Journal, 33(1), 95-110.

Manowaluilou, N., Thanarachataphoom, T., Pimthong, P., Ugsornkid, S., & Ketkosan, N. (2024). Digital literacy and fluency in education: Enhancing teacher education preparedness policy. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(8), 4415.

Papaevangelou, O., Syndoukas, D., Kalogiannidis, S., & Chatzitheodoridis, F. (2024). Efficacy of embedding IT in human resources (HR) practices in education management. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(1), 2371.Trade (exports) as an opportunity for Bangladesh: A VECM analysis: The International Trade Journal: Vol 33, No 1.

Ren, W., Wang, R., Mohamad, S. N. A., et al. (2024). A quantitative analysis of the influence of ideological and political education on students’ learning satisfaction. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(1), 2727.Spatial Spillover Effect of Government Public Health Spending on Regional Economic Growth during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: An Evidence from China - Li - 2021 - Complexity - Wiley Online Library

Sánchez-Zamora, P., Gallardo-Cobos, R., & Ceña-Delgado, F. (2014). Rural areas face the economic crisis: Analyzing the determinants of successful territorial dynamics. Journal of Rural Studies, 35, 11-25. Rural areas face the economic crisis: Analyzing the determinants of successful territorial dynamics - ScienceDirect

Shi, S., Huang, K., Ye, D., & Yu, L. (2014). Culture and regional economic development: Evidence from China. Papers in Regional Science, 93(2), 281-300.Culture and regional economic development: Evidence from China - ScienceDirect

Song, L., Fang, C., & Johnston, L. (2017). China’s path towards new growth: drivers of human capital, innovation and technological change. China’s New Sources of Economic Growth, 2, 1. China’s New Sources of Economic Growth: Human (oapen.org)

Tomizawa, A., Zhao, L., Bassellier, G., & Ahlstrom, D. (2020). Economic growth, innovation, institutions, and the Great Enrichment. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 37, 7-31. Economic growth, innovation, institutions, and the Great Enrichment | Asia Pacific Journal of Management (springer.com)

Ulku, H. (2004). R&D, innovation, and economic growth: An empirical analysis. R&D, Innovation, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis by Hulya Ulku :SSRN.

University-industry linkages, regional entrepreneurship and economic growth: evidence from China: Post-Communist Economies: Vol 33, No 5 (tandfonline.com)

Xia, L., Ali, A., Wang, H., Wu, X., & Qian, D. (2022). RETRACTED: A Dynamic Analysis of the Asymmetric Effects of the Vocational Education and Training on Economic Growth, Evidence From China. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 888969.

Yang, Z., Shao, S., Xu, L., & Yang, L. (2022). Can regional development plans promote economic growth? City-level evidence from China. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 83, 101212.Can regional development plans promote economic growth? City-level evidence from China - ScienceDirect

Zekarias, S. M. (2016). The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Eastern Africa: Evidence from panel data analysis. Applied Economics and Finance, 3(1), 145-160.

Zhao, R., Zhong, S., & He, A. (2018). Disaster impact, national aid, and economic growth: evidence from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Sustainability, 10(12), 4409.The-Impact-of-Foreign-Direct-Investment-FDI-on-Economic-Growth-in-Eastern-Africa-Evidence-from-Panel-Data-Analysis.pdf (researchgate.net)

Zhou, J., Raza, A., & Sui, H. (2021). Infrastructure investment and economic growth quality: Empirical analysis of China’s regional development. Applied Economics, 53(23), 2615-2630.Infrastructure investment and economic growth quality: empirical analysis of China’s regional development: Applied Economics: Vol 53, No 23 (tandfonline.com)

Zhylinska, O., Bazhenova, O., Zatonatska, T., Dluhopolskyi, O. V., Bedianashvili, G., & Chornodid, I. (2020). Innovation processes and economic growth in the context of European integration. Scientific Papers of the University of Pardubice. Series D. Faculty of Economics and Administration, 28(3). Innovation-Processes-and-Economic-Growth-in-the-Context-of-European-Integration.pdf (researchgate.net)