Impact of bank financial technology on the performance of banks in the European Union

Kristina Garškaitė-Milvydienė, Manuela Tvaronavičienė

Article ID: 8053
Vol 8, Issue 9, 2024

VIEWS - 153 (Abstract) 92 (PDF)

Abstract


This article examines how financial technology determines bank performance in different EU countries. The answer to that question would allow banks to choose their development policy. The paper focuses  on the main and most popular bank services that are linked to financial technology. A SWOT analysis of FinTech is also presented to show the benefits and drawbacks of FinTech. FinTech-based services are very diverse and are provided by financial  firms and banks alike. This paper looks at the financial technology provided by banks: internet usage (internet banking), number of ATMs, credit transfers in a country, percentage of the population in a country holding a debit or credit card and whether that population has received or made a digital payment. Using the multi-criteria assessment methods of CRITIC and EDAS, the authors analysed and compared the countries of the European Union and the financial technology used in them. As a result of the application of these methods, the EU countries under consideration were ranked in terms of the use of financial technology. Subsequently, three banks from different countries with different levels of the use of financial technology were selected for the study. For these banks, financial ratios of profitability were calculated to characterise their performance. Correlation and pairwise regression analyses between the banks’ profitability ratios and financial technology were used to assess the relationship and influence between these ratios. The main conclusion of the study focuses on the extent to which financial technology influences the performance of banks in the selected countries. It is likely that further research will try to take into account the size of the country’s population when analysing all financial technologies. Researchers also needed to find out what influence financial technologies have on the such financial indicators as operational efficiency (costs), financial stability, and capital adequacy.


Keywords


EU countries; financial technology; multi-criteria assessment methods; CRITIC; EDAS; correlation; regression; profitability ratios

Full Text:

PDF


References


AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2013). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2013_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 2 April 2024).

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2014). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2014_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 5 April 2024).

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2015). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2015_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 11 April 2024).

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2016). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2016_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 8 May 2024).

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2017). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2017_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 17 April 2024).

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2018). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2018_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 20 April 2024).

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2019). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2019_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 23 April 2024).

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2020). Available online:

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2021). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2021_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 12 April 2024).

AB “Swedbank” Metinė ataskaita. (2022). Available online: https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/2022_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 24 April 2024).

Abdullah, M. D. F., Ardiansah, M. N., & Hamidah, N. (2017). The Effect of Company Size, Company Age, Public Ownership and Audit Quality on Internet Financial Reporting. Sriwijaya international Journal of Dynamic Economics And Business, 1(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v1i2.153-166

Adeniran, A. O., Jadah, H. M., Mohammed, N. H. (2020). Impact of information technology on strategic management in the banking sector of Iraq. Insights into Regional Development, 2(2), 592-601. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2020.2.2(7)

Anagnostopoulos, I. (2018). FinTech“ and regtech: Impact on regulators and banks. Journal of Economics and Business, 100, 7–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECONBUS.2018.07.003

Brigham, E.F., & Houston, J. F. (2012). Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th ed. South-Western College Pub. p. 816.

Chen, M. A., Wu, Q., & Yang, B. (2019). How Valuable Is FinTech Innovation? The Review of Financial Studies, 32(5), 2062-2106. https://doi.org/10.1093/RFS/HHY130

Chilunjika, S. R., & Uwizeyimana, D. E. (2024). Blockchain technology for health information management: a case of Zimbabwe. Insights into Regional Development, 6(1), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2024.6.1(5)

Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., et al. (2013). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Routledge.

Crum, M., Nelson, T., de Borst, J., et al. (2020). The use of cluster analysis in entrepreneurship research: Review of past research and future directions. Journal of Small Business Management, 60(4), 961-1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2020.1748475

DeCoster, J., & Claypool, H. M. (2004). Data Analysis in SPSS. Available online: http://www.stat-help.com/notes.htm (accessed on 2 April 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2013). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/Deutsche_Bank_Annual_Report_2013_entire.pdf?language_id=1 (accessed on 3 May 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2014). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/Deutsche_Bank_Annual_Report_2014_entire.pdf?language_id=1 (accessed on 1 April 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2015). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/Deutsche_Bank_Annual_Report_2015.pdf?language_id=1 (accessed on 10 June 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2016). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/Deutsche_Bank_Annual_Report_2016.pdf?language_id=1 (accessed on 11 June 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2017). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/DB_Annual_Report_2017.pdf?language_id=1 (accessed on 15 May 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2018). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/Deutsche_Bank_Annual_Report_2018.pdf?language_id=1 (accessed on 12 June 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2019). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/Deutsche_Bank_Annual_Report_2019.pdf?language_id=1 (accessed on 12 June 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2020). Available online: moz-extension://fdc63a3e-82b6-4e02-8cf8-706cb0e96ddb/enhanced-reader.html?openApp&pdf=https%3A%2F%2Finvestor-relations.db.com%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fannual-reports%2FAnnual_Report_2020.pdf%3Flanguage_id%3D1 (accessed on 16 June 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2021). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/2022/Annual_Report_2021.pdf?language_id=1 (accessed on 29 April 2024).

Deutsche Bank—Annual report. (2022). Available online: https://investor-relations.db.com/files/documents/annual-reports/2023/Annual-Report-2022.pdf (accessed on 25 April 2024).

Dimitrov, I., Gigov, R., & Dimitrova, A. (2022). Leading factors for blockchain technology implementation in the business organisations in the Bulgarian context. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(2), 255-273. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2022.10.2(16)

Europe: credit transfers per country 2000-2022 | Statista. (n.d.) Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/443618/credit-transfer-payment-europe-by-country/ (accessed on 30 October 2023).

Fakunle, S. O., & Ajani, B. K. (2021). Peculiarities of ICT adoption in Nigeria. Insights into Regional Development, 3(4), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2021.3.4(4)

Fichter, A., & Anguelov, K. (2024). Information communication promoting insurance sales: use of chatbot technologies. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 11(4), 10-30. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2024.11.4(1)

Fleacă, B., Fleacă, E., & Corocăescu, M. (2023). Sustainability information—analysis of current trends in sustainability monitoring & reporting. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(3), 274-287. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.3(18)

Germany: ATMs per capita | Statista. (n.d.) Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/562522/automated-teller-machines-per-100000-adults-germany-europe/ (accessed on 22 October 2023).

Germany: credit transfer volume 2000-2022 | Statista. (n.d.) Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/443055/cashless-transfer-payment-germany/ (accessed on 23 October 2023).

Germany: number of credit and debit cards | Statista. (n.d.) Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1096803/credit-card-and-debit-card-number-in-germany/ (accessed on 23 October 2023).

Ghorabaee, M. K., Zavadskas, E. K., Olfat, L., et al. (2015). Multi-Criteria Inventory Classification Using a New Method of Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS). Informatica, 26, 435-451. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/Informatica.2015.57

Giglio, F. (2021). Fintech: A Literature Review. International Business Research, 15(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n1p80

Gimpel, H., Rau, D., & Röglinger, M. (2018). Understanding FinTech start-ups—a taxonomy of consumer-oriented service offerings. Electronic Markets, 28(3), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12525-017-0275-0/TABLES/7

Hasanaj, P., & Kuqi, B. (2019). Analysis of Financial Statements. Humanities and Social Science Research, 2(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v2n2p17

Haurovi, M., & Chilunjika, A. (2024). Fourth industrial revolution and social innovation dynamics in South Africa: a review. Insights into Regional Development, 6(2), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.9770/IRD.2024.6.2(7)

Hoyt, W. T., Imel, Z. E., & Chan, F. (2008). Multiple regression and correlation techniques: Recent controversies and best practices. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(3), 321–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013021

https://www.swedbank.lt/static/pdf/about/finance/reports/202020_metine_ataskaita.pdf (accessed on 9 May 2024).

Hu, Z., Ding, S., Li, S., et al. (2019). Adoption Intention of Fintech Services for Bank Users: An Empirical Examination with an Extended Technology Acceptance Model. Symmetry, 11(3), 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/SYM11030340

Italy: ATMs per capita | Statista. (n.d.) Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/564041/automated-teller-machines-per-adults-italy-europe/ (accessed on 28 October 2023).

Italy: credit transfer volume 2000-2022 | Statista. (n.d.) Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/443072/cashless-transfer-payment-italy/ (accessed on 28 October 2023).

Italy: payment cards per capita | Statista. (n.d.) Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1098155/credit-cards-and-debit-cards-per-capita-in-italy/ (accessed on 28 October 2023).

Kafle, S. C. (2019). Correlation and regression analysis using SPSS. The OCEM Journal of Management, Technology & Social Sciences, 1(1), 126-132.

Kahraman, A. C., Keshavarz G. M., Zavadskas E. K., et al. (2017). Intuitionistic fuzzy EDAS method: an application to sold wasta disposal site selection. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 25(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1281139

Katina, J., Katin, I. & Komarova, V. (2024). Cryptocurrency price forecasting: a comparative analysis of autoregressive and recurrent neural network models. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 11(4), 425-436. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2024.11.4(26)

Katina, J., Plėta, T., Petkevičius, R., et al. (2023). Industrial Control Systems (ICS) cyber prediction model. Insights into Regional Development, 5(1), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2023.5.1(6)

Khalatur, S., Pavlova, H., Vasilieva, L., et al. (2022a). Innovation management as basis of digitalization trends and security of financial sector. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 9(4), 56-76. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2022.9.4(3)

Khalatur, S., Tvaronavičienė, M., Dovgal, O., et al. (2022b). Impact of selected factors on digitalization of financial sector. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(1), 358-377. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2022.10.1(19)

Koman, G., Tumová, D., Jankal, R., et al. (2022). Business-making supported via the application of big data to achieve economic sustainability. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 9(4), 336-358. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2022.9.4(18)

Krishnan, A. R., Kasim, M. M., Hamid, R., et al. (2021). A Modified CRITIC Method to Estimate the Objective Weights of Decision Criteria. Symmetry, 13(6), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13060973

Krulický, T., Apanovych, Y., & Rodová, V. (2024). The impact of Industry 4.0 on business results. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 11(4), 205-218. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2024.11.4(13)

Laidroo, L., Koroleva, E., Kliber, A., et al. (2021). Business models of FinTechs—Difference in similarity? Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 46, 101034. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ELERAP.2021.101034

Landsbankinn - Annual Financial Statement. (2013-2022). Available online: https://www.landsbankinn.is (accessed on 28 October 2023).

Lavrinenko, O., Danileviča, A., Jermalonoka, I., et al. (2024). Use of mobile technologies by business companies in the context of digitalization of the Latvian economy, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 11(4), 339-351. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2024.11.4(21)

Lee, I., & Shin, Y. J. (2018). Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges. Business Horizons, 61(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2017.09.003

Legowo, M. B., Subanidja, S., & Sorongan, F. A. (2021). FinTech“ and Bank: Past, Present, and Future. Jurnal Teknik Komputer AMIK BSI, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.31294/jtk.v4i2

Leong, K. (2018). FinTech“ (Financial Technology): What is It and How to Use Technologies to Create Business Value in FinTech“ Way? International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 74–78. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijimt.2018.9.2.791

Lithuania ATMs per 100,000 adults-data, chart | TheGlobalEconomy.com. (2022). Available online: https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Lithuania/ATM_machines/ (accessed on 30 October 2023).

Lithuania: payment cards per capita | Statista. (n.d.). Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1098547/credit-cards-and-debit-cards-per-capita-in-lithuania/ (accessed on 30 October 2023).

Morales, L., Gray, G., & Rajmill, D. (2022). Emerging Risks in the FinTech“ Industry—Insights from Data Science and Financial Econometrics Analysis. Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 17(2), 9. https://doi.org/10.22381/EMFM17220221

Namugenyi, C., Nimmagadda, S. L., & Reiners, T. (2019). SWOT analysis: a theoretical review. Procedia Computer Science, 159, 1145-1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.283

Nassar, N. & Strielkowski, W. (2022). Transition towards green financial sector for gaining newly perceived competitiveness by adopting a green management model. Insights into Regional Development, 4(1), 71-88. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2022.4.1(5)

Nazaritehrani, A., & Mashali, B. (2020). Development of E-banking channels and market share in developing countries. Financial Innovation, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S40854-020-0171-Z

Ogbeide, S. O., Ogiugo, H. U., & Adesuyi, I. O. (2021). Corporate governance mechanisms and financial reporting quality of commercial banks in Nigeria. Insights into Regional Development, 3(1), 136-146. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2021.3.1(8)

Paradowski, B., Shekhovtsov, A., Aczkiewicz, A. B., et al. (2021). Similarity Analysis of Methods for Objective Determination of Weights in Multi-Criteria Decision Support Systems. Symetry. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101874

Pechová, J., Volfová, H., & Jírová, A. (2024). From interaction to integration: leveraging AI in enhancing team communication and task efficiency. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 11(4), 276-292. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2024.11.4(17)

Pi, T., Hu, H., Lu, J., et al. (2022). The Analysis of „FinTech“ Risks in China: Based on Fuzzy Models. Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10091395

Pizzi, S., Corbo, L., & Caputo, A. (2021). Fintech and SMEs sustainable business models: Reflections and considerations for a circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 281, 125217. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2020.125217

Prawirasasra, K. P. (2018). Financial technology in Indonesia: disruptive or collaborative? Reports on Economics and Finance, 4(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.12988/ref.2018.818

Quyet, C. B. (2024). The acceptance of sustainable e-commerce by small and medium-sized enterprises: a case of Vietnam. Insights into Regional Development, 6(1), 46-58. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2024.6.1(4)

Randey, K. (2016). Financial management. Laxmi book publikation. p. 248.

Romanova, I., & Kudinska, M. (2016). Banking and FinTech“: A challenge or opportunity? Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, 98, 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-375920160000098002/FULL/XML

Rome, F. P. (2018). FinTech and banking: today and tomorrow Speech by the Deputy Governor of the Bank of Italy.

Rupeika-Apoga, R., & Thalassinos, E. I. (2020). Ideas for a regulatory definition of FinTech. Available online: https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/55195 (accessed on 30 October 2023).

Sabauri, L. & Kvatashidze, N. (2023). Sustainability reporting issues. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 11(2), 282-289. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2023.11.2(19)

Samašonok, K., & Išoraitė, M. (2023). The implementation of sustainable development goals through communication tools. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(3), 102-122. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.3(8)

Schueffel, P. (2016). Taming the Beast: A Scientific Definition of Fintech. Journal of Innovation Management, 4(4), 32-54. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_004.004_0004

Scott, S. V., Van Reenen, J., & Zachariadis, M. (2017). The long-term effect of digital innovation on bank performance: An empirical study of SWIFT adoption in financial services. Research Policy, 46(5), 984–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESPOL.2017.03.010

SEPA Payment statistics | European Payments Council. (n.d.) Available online: https://www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu/what-we-do/be-involved/sepa-payment-statistics (accessed on 30 October 2022).

Setiawan, K., & Maulisa, N. (2020). The Evolution of FinTech“: A Regulatory Approach Perspective. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/AEBMR.K.200321.029

Shava, E., & Vyas-Doorgapersad, S. (2023). Inclusive participation in information and communication technologies (ICTs) processes for smart services in the city of Johannesburg, Insights into Regional Development, 5(1), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2023.5.1(2)

Sheng, T. (2021). The effect of FinTech“ on banks’ credit provision to SMEs: Evidence from China. Finance Research Letters, 39, 101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FRL.2020.101558

Shy, O. (2019). Technological Change and Financial Innovation in Banking: Some Implications for FinTech“. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Working Papers. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29338/wp2018-11

Siddiqui, Z., & Rivera, C. A. (2022). FinTech“ and FinTech“ ecosystem: A review of literature. Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions, 12(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.22495/rgcv12i1p5

Skvarciany, V., & Astike, K. (2022). Decent work and economic growth case of EU. In: Proceedings of 12th International Scientific Conference Business and Management 2022.

Skvarciany, V., Jurevičienė, D., & Volskytė, G. (2020). Assessment of Sustainable Socioeconomic Development in European Union Countries. Sustainability, 12(5), 1986. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051986

Somogyi, T., & Nagy, R. (2022). Some impacts of global warming on critical infrastructure protection - heat waves and the European financial sector. Insights into Regional Development, 4(4), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.9770/ird.2022.4.4(1)

Statistics | Eurostat. (n.d.). Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tin00099/default/table?lang=en (accessed on 30 October 2022).

Štitilis, D., Laurinaitis, M., & Verenius, E. (2023). The use of biometric technologies in ensuring critical infrastructure security: the context of protecting personal data. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(3). 133-150. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.3(10)

Thakor, A. V. (2020). Fintech and banking: What do we know? Journal of Financial Intermediation, 41, 100833. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JFI.2019.100833

The Fintech Landscape in Lithuania 2021–2022—Invest Lithuania. Available online: https://investlithuania.com/report/fintech-report-2021-2022/ (accessed on 19 September 2022).

The Global Findex Database (2021). Available online: https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex (accessed on 30 October 2022).

Tobisova, A., Seňová, A. & Rozenberg, R. (2023). Risk factors’ prediction model for the investment evaluation. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 11(2), 153-168. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2023.11.2(11)

Ullah, A., Pinglu, C., Ullah, S., et al. (2023). Impact of intellectual capital efficiency on financial stability in banks: Insights from an emerging economy. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 28(2), 1858-1871. https://doi.org/10.1002/IJFE.2512

Víghová, A., Košovská, I., & Hudáková, M. (2023). Analytical view of the profitability of commercial companies, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 11(1), 353-364. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2023.11.1(21)

Világi, R., Konečný, M., & Ruschak, M. (2022). Impact of selected financial indicators on a company’s reputation. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 10(2), 408-417. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2022.10.2(25)

Vučinić, M. (2020). Fintech and Financial Stability Potential Influence of FinTech on Financial Stability Fintech and Financial Stability Potential Influence of FinTech on Financial Stability, Risks and Benefits. Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 2, 43–66. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2020-0013

Wang, H., Chen, K., Zhu, W., et al. (2015). A process model on P2P lending. Financial Innovation, 1(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40854-015-0002-9/FIGURES/8

Wang, Y., Xiuping, S., & Zhang, Q. (2021). Can FinTech“ improve the efficiency of commercial banks? —An analysis based on big data. Research in International Business and Finance, 55, 101338. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RIBAF.2020.101338

Yim, O., & Ramdeen, K. T. (2015). Hierarchical Cluster Analysis: Comparison of Three Linkage Measures and Application to Psychological Data, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.11.1.p008

Zhao, J., Li, X., Yu, C. H., et al. (2022). Riding the „FinTech“ innovation wave: „FinTech“, patents and bank performance. Journal of International Money and Finance, 122, 102552. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JIMONFIN.2021.102552




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.8053

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Kristina Garškaitė-Milvydienė, Manuela Tvaronavičienė

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.