unemployment and violence in Ecuador; HJ Biplot; socio-economic dynamics and crime; public policies and security; multidimensional factors of violence; violence in Ecuador

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-88. Al, R. I. C. M. et. (2023). Analysis Of Guillermo Lasso's Government Proposal To Combat The High Rate Of Insecurity In The Country And Its Existing Legal Framework. Russian Law Journal, 11(8s), Article 8s. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i8s.1294 Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. W.W. Norton & Company. Angarita, D. M. P. (2022). Gender violence in Colombia: Silent epidemic amid Covid. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Ninez y Juventud, 20(2). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.11600/rlcsnj.20.2.E04 Arias Fuentes, F. F., Arteaga, E., & San Sebastián, M. (2022). Social inequalities in women exposed to obstetric and gyneco-obstetric violence in Ecuador: A cross-sectional study. BMC Women's Health, 22(1), 419. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01998-2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905- 022-01998-2 Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169-217. Billings, L., Pradeilles, R., Gillespie, S., Vanderkooy, A., Diatta, D., Toure, M., Diatta, D., & Verstraeten, R. (2021). Coherence for nutrition: Insights from nutrition- relevant policies and programmes in Burkina Faso and Nigeria. Health Policy and Planning, 36(10), 1574-1592. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab108. Browne, K., Dzebo, A., Iacobuta, G., Faus Onbargi, A., Shawoo, Z., Dombrowsky, I., Fridahl, M., Gottenhuber, S., & Persson, Å. (2023). How does policy coherence shape effectiveness and inequality? Implications for sustainable development and the 2030 Agenda. Sustainable Development, 31(5), 3161-3174. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2598. Bryant, L., & Lightowlers, C. (2021). The socioeconomic distribution of alcohol-related violence in England and Wales. PLOS ONE, 16(2), e0243206. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243206 Calvó-Armengol, A., Verdier, T., & Zenou, Y. (2007). Strong and weak ties in employment and crime. Journal of Public Economics, 91(1), 203- 233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.05.011 Corradi, C., Marcuello-Servós, C., Boira, S., & Weil, S. (2016). Theories of femicide and their significance for social research. Current Sociology, 64(7), 975-995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392115622256 Darjee, K. B., Sunam, R. K., Köhl, M., & Neupane, P. R. (2021). Do National Policies Translate into Local Actions? Analyzing Coherence between Climate Change Adaptation Policies and Implications for Local Adaptation in Nepal. Sustainability, 13(23), Article 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313115. Dávila, C. A., & Pardo-Montaño, A. M. (2019). Socioeconomic factors associated with the death rate by homicide in colombia, 2000-2014. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 24(8), 2793-2804. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018248.29142017 Díaz-Faes, A. A., González-Albo, B., Galindo, M. P., & Bordons, M. (2013a). HJ- Biplot as a tool for inspection of bibliometric data matrices. Revista Espanola de Documentacion Cientifica, 36(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2013.1.988 Díaz-Faes, A. A., González-Albo, B., Galindo, M. P., & Bordons, M. (2013b). HJ-Biplot as a tool for inspecting bibliometric data matrices. Journal española de Documentación Científica, 36(1), e001. https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2013.1.988 Donoso, M. E. A., Maurisaca, N. E. C., & Reyes, J. E. A. (2022). Multiple Correspondence Analysis for the Study of Intentional Homicides in Ecuador. Revista Politécnica, 50(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.33333/rp.vol50n3.04 Ejlskov, L., Antonsen, S., Wulff, J. N., Agerbo, E., Plana-Ripoll, O., Sabel, C. E., Fan, C. C., Thompson, W. K., Mok, P. L. H., Pedersen, C. B., & Webb, R. T. (2023). Multilevel interactions between family and neighbourhood socioeconomic indices in childhood and later risks of self-harm and violent criminality in Denmark: A national cohort study. The Lancet Public Health, 8(2), e99-e108. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00292-4 Frederick, S. A., Jozefowicz, J., & Nelson, Z. T. (2016). A dynamic panel data study of the unemployment-crime relationship: The case of Pennsylvania. 36, 1497-1507. Galindo-Villardón, P. (1986). An alternative simultaneous representation: HJ-Biplot. Questiió: Quaderns d'Estadística, Sistemes, Informatica i Investigació Operativa, 10(1), 13-23. Gómez-Marcos, M. T., Vicente-Galindo, M. P., & Rodero, H. M. (2022). Is the Shanghai Ranking a guarantee of high academic performance? Spanish Journal of Scientific Documentation, 45(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2022.1.1805 González, B. M., & Camacho Ballesta, J. A. (2019). Evaluation of the economic consequences of occupational segregation by age in Spain IDAD SOCIAL. Journal of the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, 141, 219-249. Scopus. Ha, O. K., Andresen, M. A., & Davies, G. (2020). The Temporal (In)Stability of the Unemployment and Crime Relationship. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 64(8), 840-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X19896454 Herrera Giraldo, M. F., González Espitia, C. G., & Ochoa Díaz, H. (2023). The spatial and economic relationship between labour informality and homicides in Cali, Colombia. Development Policy Review, 41(5), e12709. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12709. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12709. Hyman, I., Vahabi, M., Bailey, A., Patel, S., Guruge, S., Wilson-Mitchell, K., & Wong, J. P.-H. (2023). Taking action on violence through research, policy, and practice. https://doi.org/10.32920/14642148.v1 Illanes V, E., Bustos M, L., Vizcarra L, M. B., & Muñoz N, S. (2007). Social and familial determinants of anxiety and depressive symptoms in middle to low income women. Revista Medica de Chile, 135(3), 326-334. Scopus. Jimenez-Garcia, W. G., Arenas-Valencia, W., & Bohorquez-Bedoya, N. (2024). Understanding homicide in Colombian capital cities. A vulnerability study. Latin American Research Review, 59(1), 19-38. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2023.46 Koulani, M., Rajabi-Gilan, N., Almasi, A., Khezeli, M., Shushtari, Z. J., & Salimi, Y. (2023). Socioeconomic Status and Domostic Violence Interact in Perdict of Quality of Life in Married Women: A Population-Based Study in Westeren Iran. Journal of Family & Reproductive Health, 17(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v17i1.11974. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfrh.v17i1.11974 López-Santiago, M. A., Hernández-Juárez, M., & León-Merino, A. (2017). Marginalization and exclusion as possible socio-economic factors of urban violence: The Valle de Chalco Solidaridad, state of Mexico case. Papeles de Poblacion, 23(91), 171-199. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.22185/24487147.2017.91.008 Mathieu, E. (2023). Policy coherence versus regulatory governance. Electricity reforms in Algeria and Morocco. Regulation & Governance, 17(3), 694-708. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12488 Montoya, J. M., & Pedraza, R. S. (2009). Death from violent causes and economic cycles in Bogota, Colombia: A time-series study, 1997-2006. Journal Pan American Journal of Public Health/Pan American Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 23-30. Scopus. OECO. (n.d.). Data viewer (Spanish). Available online: https://oeco.padf.org/visualizador-de-datos-denuncias-de-delitos-graves/ (accessed on 20 May 2024). Paetau, M. (2019). The Colombian peace process and the complexity of violence: A sociocybernetic observation. Current Sociology, 67(4), 611-624. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392119837570 Pappa, E., Lagerborg, A., & Ravn, M. O. (2019). Does economic insecurity really impact on gun violence at US schools? Nature Human Behaviour, 3(3), 198- 199. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0351-2 Ramirez, M. R., Flores, J. E., Cheng, G., Peek-Asa, C., & Cavanaugh, J. E. (2021). Approach to analysing correlated contextual factors: An application for studies on violence. Injury Prevention, 27(2), 161-165. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043967 Reivan Ortiz, G. G., Yanza, R., Campoverde, X., Estrada Cherres, J. P., Reinoso García, L. P., Diaz, J., & Granero Pérez, R. (2023). A predictive model of perceived stress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in university students Ecuadorians. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1202625. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1202625 Ruiz-Pérez, I., & Pastor-Moreno, G. (2021). Measures to contain gender-based violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35(4), 389-394. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.04.005 Santaularia, N. J., Ramirez, M. R., Osypuk, T. L., & Mason, S. M. (2023). Economic Hardship and Violence: A Comparison of County-Level Economic Measures in the Prediction of Violence-Related Injury. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(5-6), 4616-4639. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221118966. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221118966 van Koppen, V., van der Geest, V., Kleemans, E., & Kruisbergen, E. (2022). Employment and crime: A longitudinal follow-up of organized crime offenders. European Journal of Criminology, 19(5), 1097-1121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370820941287 Walby, S. (2023). What is femicide? The United Nations and the measurement of progress in complex epistemic systems. Current Sociology, 71(1), 10- 27. https://doi.org/10.1177/00113921221084357 Whittington, R., Haines-Delmont, A., & Bjørngaard, J. H. (2023). Femicide trends at the start of the 21st. century: Prevalence, risk factors and national public health. actions. Global Public Health, 18(1), 2225576. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2023.2225576. Zungu, L. T., & Mtshengu, T. R. (2023). The Twin Impacts of Income Inequality and Unemployment on Murder Crime in African Emerging Economies: A Mixed Models Approach. Economies, 11(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11020058.