This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of establishing a gamma irradiator pilot project in Indonesia to reduce food loss and food waste, as well as to enhance the value of export commodities. Gamma irradiators have the potential to extend shelf life, improve food safety, and reduce losses during distribution and storage. The research methodology involves weighting to assess the feasibility of location selection, incorporating secondary data analysis and economic value-added analysis. The results indicate that the PUSPIPTEK Serpong location meets all mandatory criteria and nearly all non-mandatory criteria, making it a suitable site for this pilot project. The operation of the gamma irradiator in Serpong has successfully increased the volume of irradiation services, though its utilization is predominantly for export purposes. The main challenges include a negative public perception of irradiated food and a lack of education on its benefits. This study concludes that gamma irradiators are effective in reducing food loss and food waste, as well as increasing the value-added of export commodities. Strong government support and continuous education programs are necessary to improve public acceptance. Future research could focus on long-term evaluations of the impact of gamma irradiators and the development of more effective educational programs.

gamma irradiation; pilot project; food loss and waste; value-added exports; Indonesia; consumer acceptance

ASEAN. (2023). Asean Statistical Yearbook 2023. Available online: https://www.aseanstats.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ASYB-2023-v1.pdf (accessed on 2 June 2023).

Asriyana Suryana, E., Wiryadi Effendi, M., & Luna, P. (2023). Challenges and Strategies for Food Waste Reduction Policy in Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 41(1), 1–14.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistical Year Book of Indonesia 2023. Available online: https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/29/e9011b3155d45d70823c141f/statistik-indonesia-2020.html (accessed on 4 June 2023).

Bappenas. (2021). Study Report: Food Loss and Waste in Indonesia, Supporting the Implementation of Circular Economy and Low Carbon Development. Available online: https://grasp2030.ibcsd.or.id/2022/07/07/bappenas-study-report-food-loss-and-waste-in-indonesia-supporting-the-implementation-of-circular-economy-and-low-carbon-development/

BATAN. (2015). BATAN Strategic Plan 2015–2019. Available online: https://karya.brin.go.id/id/eprint/1052/1/Salinan Perka Renstra Rev 3.1.pdf (accessed on 6 June 2023).

BPOM. (2004). Guidelines Food Irradiation Authorization in General or Based on Food Group. National Agency of Drug and Food Control.

Bridr Kaltim. (n.d.). Kick-Off Meeting for the Implementation of Feasibility Study of Gamma Irradiator Nusantara (Indonesian). Available online: https://brida.kaltimprov.go.id/artikel/kick-off-meeting-pelaksanaan-feasibility-study-iradiator-gamma-nusantara (accessed on 12 June 2023).

Cattaneo, A., Sánchez, M. V., Torero, M., et al. (2021). Reducing food loss and waste: Five challenges for policy and research. Food Policy, 98, 101974. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODPOL.2020.101974

Chegere, M. J., Eggert, H., & Söderbom, M. (2022). The Effects of Storage Technology and Training on Postharvest Losses, Practices, and Sales: Evidence from Small-Scale Farms in Tanzania. https://doi.org/10.1086/713932, 70(2), 729–761. https://doi.org/10.1086/713932

Commission, C. A. (n.d.). Codex General Standard for Irradiated Food. Available online: https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/16/CXS_106e.pdf (accessed on 7 June 2023).

Eriksson, M., & Spångberg, J. (2017). Carbon footprint and energy use of food waste management options for fresh fruit and vegetables from supermarkets. Waste Management, 60, 786–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WASMAN.2017.01.008

FAO. (2011). Global food losses and food waste—Extent, causes and prevention. In: Food Loss and Food Waste: Causes and Solutions. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Farkas, J., & Mohácsi-Farkas, C. (2011). History and future of food irradiation. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 22(2–3), 121–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TIFS.2010.04.002

FNCA. (2014). FNCA Consolidated Report on Radiation Safety (Issue March). Available online: https://www.fnca.mext.go.jp/english/rwm/FNCA_RS002.pdf (accessed on 2 June 2012).

Handayani, M., & Permawati, H. (2017). Gamma irradiation technology to preservation of foodstuffs as an effort to maintain quality and acquaint the significant role of nuclear on food production to Indonesia society: A Review. Energy Procedia, 127, 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.112

Hashim, M. S., Yusop, S. M., & Rahman, I. A. (2024). The impact of gamma irradiation on the quality of meat and poultry: A review on its immediate and storage effects. Applied Food Research, 4(2), 100444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2024.100444

Hermana, F., Saptowati, H., Satmoko, A., et al. (2023). Merah Putih Gamma Irradiator; Nuclear Technology Innovation of Indonesian Pride (Indonesian). Available online: https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=J_DnEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=info:nBH35WXvrJoJ:scholar.google.com&ots=Ip3hzXKnzM&sig=ykEKdb14xssGKdrF89hyRXy2ahQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false (accessed on 10 June 2023).

Hocaoǧlu, A., Sükrü Demirci, A., Gümüs, T., et al. (2012). Effects of gamma irradiation on chemical, microbial quality and shelf life of shrimp. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 81(12), 1923–1929. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RADPHYSCHEM.2012.07.017

IIA. (n.d.). New irradiation center in Vietnam. Available online: https://iiaglobal.com/iia-news/new-irradiation-center-in-vietnam/ (accessed on 15 June 2023).

Ishangulyyev, R., Kim, S., & Lee, S. H. (2019). Understanding food loss and waste-why are we losing and wasting food? Foods, 8(8), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8080297

Kinanti, A. A. P., Heidra, T. C., & Masjud, Y. I. (2021). The Raising Concern of Food Waste and Food Loss in Indonesia to Achieve a Sustainable Consumption. FIRM Journal of Management Studies, 6(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.33021/firm.v6i2.1164

Maherani, B., Hossain, F., Criado, P., et al. (2016). World market development and consumer acceptance of irradiation technology. Foods, 5(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods5040079

Malahayati, M., & Masui, T. (2021). Potential impact of introducing emission mitigation policies in Indonesia: how much will Indonesia have to spend? In: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-021-09973-2

Mandasari, V., Wahjyuni, E. T., & Wahyuni, E. T. (2019). Infrastructure Development by Public-Private Partnership in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review. CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development, 2(2), 153–160. https://doi.org/10.32783/csid-jid.v2i2.90

Mangla, S. K., Sharma, Y. K., Patil, P. P., et al. (2019). Logistics and distribution challenges to managing operations for corporate sustainability: Study on leading Indian diary organizations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117620. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.117620

Maye, K., Rita, M. S., Turla, A. Y., et al. (2023). Beyond Preservation: A Systematic Review on the Impact of Ionizing Radiation on Food Functionality. Philippine Journal of Science, 153(S1), 101–112.

Munir, A., & Fadhilah. (2023). Climate Change and Food Insecurities: The Importance of Food Loss and Waste Reduction in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1134(1), 012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1134/1/012040

Parlato, A., Giacomarra, M., Galati, A., et al. (2014). ISO 14470:2011 and EU legislative background on food irradiation technology: The Italian attitude. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 38(1), 60–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2014.04.001

Pillai, S. D., & Shayanfar, S. (2017). Electron Beam Technology and Other Irradiation Technology Applications in the Food Industry. Topics in Current Chemistry, 375(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/S41061-016-0093-4

Prabowo, A., & Pudjianto, M. (2023). Logistics Costs of Rice and Soybean: Issues, Challenges, and the Impact of Regulations. Center for Indonesian Policy Studies. https://doi.org/10.35497/563232

Raut, R. D., Gardas, B. B., Kharat, M., et al. (2018). Modeling the drivers of post-harvest losses—MCDM approach. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 154, 426–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPAG.2018.09.035

Ravindran, R., & Jaiswal, A. K. (2019). Wholesomeness and safety aspects of irradiated foods. Food Chemistry, 285, 363–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.002

Ridwan, M., Sundardi, F., Utama, M., et al. (1979). Radiation processing in Indonesia. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 14(3–6), 747–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-5724(79)90110-9

Roberts, P. B. (2016). Food irradiation: Standards, regulations and world-wide trade. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 129, 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RADPHYSCHEM.2016.06.005

Satmoko, A. (2020). The Challenge of The Iradiator Gamma Merah Putih (Igmp) As A Commercial Pilot Project. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Inovasi Dan Pendayagunaan Teknologi Nuklir 2020, 1, 18–19.

Siregar, M. A., & Utomo, S. W. (2019). Environmental impact assessment as a regulation and equator principles as an initiative. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 399(1), 012081. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/399/1/012081

Spang, E. S., Moreno, L. C., Pace, S. A., et al. (2019). Food Loss and Waste: Measurement, Drivers, and Solutions. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718

Tanzila Sultana, Kazi M Maraz, Arwah Ahmed, et al. (2021). Effect of Irradiation process on mango. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 9(2), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.9.2.0267

Teigiserova, D. A., Hamelin, L., & Thomsen, M. (2019). Review of high-value food waste and food residues biorefineries with focus on unavoidable wastes from processing. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 149, 413–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2019.05.003

Tejedor-Calvo, E., Morales, D., García-Barreda, S., et al. (2020). Effects of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life and bioactive compounds of Tuber aestivum truffles packaged in passive modified atmosphere. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 332, 108774. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJFOODMICRO.2020.108774

UNEP. (2021). Food Waste Index Report 2021. Available online: https://www.unep.org/resources/report/unep-food-waste-index-report-2021 (accessed on 2 June 2023).