The present study is designed to analyse how the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model is helping to create sustainable livelihood opportunities for women. It draws an inference from ‘Marudhara Rangsaaz’, a producer company operating in the textile sector in Rajasthan, India. It explains how this woman-based organisation operates in a PPP model to create economic value for women. It also tries to understand the specific role of the Rajasthan Grameen Aajeevika Vikas Parishad (RAJEEVIKA), The Rajasthan Government partner and ‘Rang Sutra’, the private partner, and the women members of ‘Marudhara Rangsaaz’ in the PPP model. The paper adopted a case study research design. The data was collected using in-depth interviews with all stakeholders and analysis of the documents. The findings indicate that in the said PPP model, Government took the role of mobilizer, financer, mentor, and private player, took the responsibility of building up capacity and arranging market links, and the women members worked together to help themselves sustain the project.

Aakko, M., & Koskennurmi-Sivonen, R. (2013). Designing Sustainable Fashion: Possibilities and Challenges. Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 17(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/rjta-17-01-2013-b002

ADB. (2002a). Developing Best Practices for Promoting Private Sector Investment in Infrastructure. In: Proceedings of the ADB/PIAF Conference on Infrastructure Development: Private Solutions for the Poor: The Asian Perspective; 30 October; Manila.

Ahluwalia, M. S. (2016). The 1991 Reforms: How Home-grown Were They? Economic and Political Weekly, 51(29), 39-46.

Beckert, J. (2011). The transcending power of goods: Imaginative value in the economy. In: Beckert, J., & Aspers, P. (editors). The worth of goods: Valuation and pricing in the economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 106-128.

Bhandari, V. (2017). New directions for social enterprises: The role of design in empowerment. Scope: Contemporary Research Topics (Art & Design), 15, 24-28.

Blaug, M. (1976). Rationalising social expenditure. In: Blaug, M. (editor). The economics of the arts. London: Martin Robertson. pp. 132-147.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Cotula, L., & Vermeulen, S. (2010). Making the most of agricultural investment: A survey of business models that provide opportunities for smallholders. Available online: https://www.iied.org/12566iied (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches, 4th ed. Sage Publications.

Cui, C., Liu, Y., Hope, A., et al. (2018). Review of studies on the public-private partnerships (PPP) for infrastructure projects. International Journal of Project Management, 36(5), 773–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2018.03.004

Datta, A. (2009). Public-private partnerships in India: a case for reform? Economic and political Weekly, 73-78.

Datta, D. B., & Sarkar, B. (2020). The Effectiveness of West Bengal State Khadi Mela as Organisational Marketing Tool. SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A Worldwide Window on MSME Studies, 47(1), 64–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0970846420930498

Datta, P. B., & Gailey, R. (2012). Empowering Women through Social Entrepreneurship: Case Study of a Women’s Cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00505.x

Dekker, E. (2014). Two approaches to study the value of art and culture, and the emergence of a third. Journal of Cultural Economics, 39(4), 309–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-014-9237-y

Engel, E., Fischer R., & Galetovic, A. (2014b). Finance and Public-Private Partnerships: A Roadmap. Background paper for the Global Financial Development Report of the World Bank.

Engel, E., Fischer, R. D., & Galetovic, A. (2014). The Economics of Public-Private Partnerships. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139565615

Fabre, A., & Straub, S. (2023). The Impact of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Infrastructure, Health, and Education. Journal of Economic Literature, 61(2), 655–715. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211607

Fine, B. (2000). Economics Imperialism and Intellectual Progress: The Present as History of Economic Thought? History of Economics Review, 32(1), 10–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/10370196.2000.11733338

Frey, B. S. (2000). Arts & Economics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04225-0

Galbraith, J. K. (1973). Economics and the public purpose. London: Andre Deutsch.

Garg, S., & Dayal, M. (2020). Road Learnings: Evolution of Public-private Partnerships in the Indian Highway Sector. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 2488–2510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.259

Harris, D., Richards, J. I., Silverside, P., et al. (2005). Pathways out of poverty. Aspects of Applied Biology, 75, 115-26.

Hisrich, R. D., & Peters, M. P. (2002). Entrepreneurship. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi. p. 663.

Hu, J., Hur, E., & Thomas, B. (2023). Value-creating practices and barriers for collaboration between designers and artisans: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 17(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2023.2228337

Idowu, S. O., Capaldi, N., Zu, L., et al. (editors). (2013). Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8

Jafarey, V. A. (1992). 4 Privatization, Deregulation, and Macroeconomic Policies: The Case of Pakistan. USA: International Monetary Fund.

Joshi, G. (2019). An analysis of women’s self-help groups’ involvement in microfinance program in India. Rajagiri Management Journal, 13(2), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/ramj-08-2019-0002

Joshi, S., & Rao, V. (2018). Who Should Be at the Top of Bottom-Up Development? A Case-Study of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission in Rajasthan, India. Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.1596/30152

Korsgaard, S., & Anderson, A. R. (2011). Enacting entrepreneurship as social value creation. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 29(2), 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610391936

Krishna, V. V., & Qaim, M. (2007). Estimating the adoption of Bt eggplant in India: Who Benefits from public–private partnership? Food Policy, 32(5–6), 523–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2006.11.002

Kudtarkar, S. G. (2020). Resetting PPP in Infrastructure Model in India Post-COVID-19 Pandemic. The Indian Economic Journal, 68(3), 365–382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019466220976678

Kundu, R. K., & Chahar, S. S. (2008). Public Private Partnership in India: A Social Sector Review. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 54(3), 522–534. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556120080311

Leigland, J. (2018). Public-Private Partnerships in Developing Countries: The Emerging Evidence-based Critique. The World Bank Research Observer, 33(1), 103–134. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkx008

Liebenberg, L., Jamal, A., & Ikeda, J. (2020). Extending Youth Voices in a Participatory Thematic Analysis Approach. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 160940692093461. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920934614

Ma, L., Hu, Y., Zhu, L., et al. (2023). Are public-private partnerships still an answer for social infrastructure? A systematic literature review. Frontiers of Engineering Management, 10(3), 467–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-023-0249-1

Mayoux, L. (2000). Micro-Finance and the empowerment of women: a review of the key issues. Available online: www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_ 117993.pdf (accessed 15 March 2016).

Megginson, W. L. (2005). The economics of bank privatization. Journal of Banking & Finance, 29(8–9), 1931–1980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2005.03.005

Megginson, W. L., & Netter, J. M. (2001). From State to Market: A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization. Journal of Economic Literature, 39(2), 321–389. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.39.2.321

Mishra, A., & Debata, B. (2021). Livelihood security among rural poor: Evaluating the impact of Rural Livelihood Mission in Odisha, India. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1978705

Mitra, N. (2002). Public-Private Partnership in Local Self-Governance: Managing Market Garbage in Falpatti, Kolkata. Economic and Political Weekly, 4777-4780.

Mohanty, C. (2011). Decision Making Process on Policy of Liberalisation in Indian State. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 72(2), 511-522.

Nayyar, D. (2017). Economic Liberalisation in India: Then and Now. Economic and Political Weekly, 52(2), 41-48.

Olmedo, L., & O’Shaughnessy, M. (2022). Community‐Based Social Enterprises as Actors for Neo‐Endogenous Rural Development: A Multi‐Stakeholder Approach☆. Rural Sociology, 87(4), 1191–1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12462

Patoju, S. K. S., & Swain, S. (2023). Entrepreneurial Value Creation by Rural Enterprises: A Process Model. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 32(3), 590–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/09713557231210683

Paul, A.G., & Margarte, S. (2003). Financing and Managing Public Services: An Assessment Programme on Public-Private Partnership in Social Sector. University of Bristol.

Peacock, A. (1991). Economics, cultural values and cultural policies. Journal of Cultural Economics, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00208443

Ponnusamy, K. (2013). Impact of public private partnership in agriculture: A review. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 83 (8), 803-808.

Pradhan, S., & Samanta, S. (2022). Global research on community-based enterprise: a bibliometric portrait. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 17(4), 793–814. https://doi.org/10.1108/jec-01-2022-0010

Pratap, K. V. (2014). Floundering Public-Private Partnerships: Some Suggestions. Economic and Political Weekly, 49(15), 21-23.

Pratap, K. V. (2016). The increasing incidence of PPP project cancellations in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 27-29.

Priya, A. (2020). Case Study Methodology of Qualitative Research: Key Attributes and Navigating the Conundrums in Its Application. Sociological Bulletin, 70(1), 94–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022920970318

Rahi, M., & Sharma, A. (2022). India could harness public-private partnerships to achieve malaria elimination. The Lancet Regional Health—Southeast Asia, 5, 100059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100059

Rao, P. S., Rao, M. G., & Rao, M. G. (1987). Performance of Public Enterprise as a Model Employer in India. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 23(2), 217-228.

Rauniyar, G., & Kanbur, R. (2010). Inclusive growth and inclusive development: a review and synthesis of Asian Development Bank literature. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 15(4), 455–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2010.517680

Reddy, A.A., Reddeppa, A., & Narasimhalu, K. (2009). SHG in India: a tool for urban poverty. Southern Economist, 48, 39-40.

Reddy, G. P., & Rao, K. H. (2011). Public Private Partnership in Agriculture Challenges and Opportunities. National Academy of Agricultural Research Management.

Saini, S., & Giri, J. N. (2022). Infrastructure Development in India: The Way Ahead. Journal of Infrastructure Development, 14(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/09749306221096958

Satish, P., & Mehrotra, N. (2009). Credit markets for small farms: role for institutional innovations. In: Proceedings of the 111th EAAE-IAAE Seminar on Small farms: Decline of Persistence.

Sengupta, M. (2008). How the State Changed Its Mind: Power, Politics and the Origins of India’s Market Reforms. Economic and Political Weekly, 43(21), 35-42.

Sengupta, S., & Sahay, A. (2018). Social enterprises in the Indian context: conceptualizing through qualitative lens. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-018-0087-5

Shuvam, S., & Mohanty, P. C. (2020). Necessity or Opportunity Driven: Gender Differentials and Structural Changes of Proprietorship in the Indian Unorganized Enterprises. Global Business Review, 24(2), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919895090

Studenski, P. (1939). Government as a Producer. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 206(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271623920600106

Swain, S., & Patoju, S. K. S. (2022). Global Enterprises: contemporarisation of khadi products in India. The CASE Journal, 18(6), 858–873. https://doi.org/10.1108/tcj-12-2021-0214

Swain, S., Patoju, S. K. S., & Manjushree, P. (2022). Entrepreneurial Value Creation: Study on Small Agri-tech Enterprise. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, 11(2), 167–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/22779779221103611

Tabassum, S. (2013). Public Private Partnership: An Overview. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 74(3), 479-488.

Taylor, N. (2002). Role and Design of Free Entry Policies: Expanding Service Options for Low-Income Households. In: Proceedings of the ADB/PIAF Conference on Infrastructure Development: Private Solutions for the Poor: The Asian Perspective; 30 October 2002; Manila.

Torri, M. C., & Martinez, A. (2013). Women’s empowerment and micro-entrepreneurship in India: Constructing a new development paradigm? Progress in Development Studies, 14(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993413504347

Tremolet, S. (2002). Pro-Poor Regulation. In: Proceedings of the ADB/PIAF Conference on Infrastructure Development: Private Solutions for the Poor: The Asian Perspective; 30 October 2002; Manila.

Tripathy, K. K., Paliwal, M., & Singh, A. (2022). Women’s social entrepreneurship and livelihood innovation: an exploratory study from India. Service Business, 16(4), 863–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-022-00493-w

Vithal, B. P. R. (1979). Government as Employer: Its Role, Limitations and Implications. Economic and Political Weekly, 14(34), M91-M94.

Weitz, A., & R. Francys. (2002). Beyond Boundaries: Urban Services for the Poor. In: Proceedings of the ADB/PIAF Conference on Infrastructure Development: Private Solutions for the Poor: The Asian Perspective; 30 October; Manila.

Whittington, D. (2002). The Challenge of Demand Assessment in Pro-Poor Infrastructure Projects. In: Proceedings of the ADB/PIAF Conference on Infrastructure Development: Private Solutions for the Poor: The Asian Perspective; 30 October; Manila.

World Development Report. (2009). Reshaping economic geography (English). World development report, World development indicators Washington, DC: World Bank Group.

Xu, W., & Zammit, K. (2020). Applying Thematic Analysis to Education: A Hybrid Approach to Interpreting Data in Practitioner Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 160940692091881. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920918810

Yadav, S., Patoju, S. K. S., & Yadaveni, S. A. (2022). Dhokra craft: socio-economic conditions of artisans, economics and marketing challenges in Kondagaon district of Chhattisgarh state, India. Creative Industries Journal, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2022.2133450

Yin, R. (2014). Case study research and applications: Design and methods, 6th ed. Sage Publications.