Catfish (Pangasianodon hypothalamus) are known in Asia, specifically in Southeast Asia. Currently, this fish has been exported to almost all countries in the world. This research aimed to examine the existing conditions of the solid waste produced, analyze the chemical composition of the waste, and look for alternatives for the policy and economical use of waste in the catfish processing business. Using the survey method, data were gathered through measurement at the research location and laboratory, interviews with business owners, and field observations. Proximate analysis was conducted on pink slime meat, belly fat, bones, and fish innards. Analysis of acid number, saponification number, iodine number, and fat fatty acid was carried out on stomach fat. Meanwhile, amino acid analysis was carried out for pink slime meat. Handling catfish industrial waste has yet to be carried out properly, which causes a foul smell and disturbs the environment. The catfish industry waste’s chemical content (protein, fat, water content, carbohydrates, and fatty acids) (pink slime meat, belly fat, fish bones, and innards) is still relatively applicable. The study processed fish waste into products like instant porridge, analogous fish sago rice, and fish sago noodles. The proximate analysis results of these products show figures that exceed the minimum standards for similar products.

Amri, U., Diharmi, A., & Sukmiwati, M. (2021). Characteristics of catfish oil, red palm oil and shark liver oil as functional foods. Depik, 10(2), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.13170/depik.10.2.19131

AOAC. (2016). Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements. Available online: https://www.aoac.org (accessed on 30 May 2024).

Artar, E., Olgunoglu, M. P., & Olgunoglu, İ. A. (2022). Mineral Contents and Fatty Acids Compositions of Fillets of Female and Male Pangas (Pangasıus Hypophthalmus, Sauvage 1878) Cultured in Turkey. Progress in Nutrition, 24(3), e2022056. https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v24i3.12382

Buchberger, W., & Ferdig, M. (2004). Improved high‐performance liquid chromatographic determination of guanidino compounds by pre‐column dervatization with ninhydrin and fluorescence detection. Journal of Separation Science, 27(15–16), 1309–1312. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200401866

Bücker, F., Marder, M., Peiter, M. R., et al. (2020). Fish waste: An efficient alternative to biogas and methane production in an anaerobic mono-digestion system. Renewable Energy, 147, 798–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.140

Dewita, D., Syahrul, S., Desmelati, D., Lukman, S. (2015). Innovation on street food products (instant porridge and cookies) based on fortified patin fish protein concentrate with red palm oil and encapsulated oil fish. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 18(3), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v18i3.11215

Dewita, D., Syahrul, S., Irasari, & Sumarto. (2021). Characteristics of Oil Mixed Red Palm Oil with Catfish Oil (Pangasius hypothalmus). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 695(1), 012051. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/695/1/012051

Endo, Y. (2018). Analytical Methods to Evaluate the Quality of Edible Fats and Oils: The JOCS Standard Methods for Analysis of Fats, Oils and Related Materials (2013) and Advanced Methods. Journal of Oleo Science, 67(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess17130

Febrianto, R., & Sudarno, S. (2020). Fish Oil Production Process from Waste Catfish (Pangasius Pangasius) in Balai Besar Pengujian Penerapan Hasil Perikanan (BBP2HP) East Jakarta. Journal of Marine and Coastal Science, 9(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmcs.v9i2.20251

Gan, J., Bornhorst, G. M., Henrick, B. M., et al. (2017). Protein Digestion of Baby Foods: Study Approaches and Implications for Infant Health. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 62(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201700231

Garcı́a, A. J., Esteban, M. B., Márquez, M. C., et al. (2005). Biodegradable municipal solid waste: Characterization and potential use as animal feedstuffs. Waste Management, 25(8), 780–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.01.006

Hadfi, N. H., & Sarbon, N. M. (2019). Physicochemical properties of silver catfish (Pangasius sp.) skin collagen as influenced by acetic acid concentration. Food Research, 3(6), 783–790. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.3(6).130

Ibrahim, I. D., Sadiku, E. R., Hamam, Y., et al. (2023). Recent Recycling Innovations to Facilitate Sustainable Packaging Materials: A Review. Recycling, 8(6), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling8060088

Igansi, A. V., da Silva, P. P., Engelmann, J. I., et al. (2021). Techno-Economic Analysis of Producing Oil Rich in ɷ-3 from Catfish Processing Wastes. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 13(1), 707–717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01502-1

Indah, I., Rohman, A., & Lestari, L. A. (2022). Physicochemical Characterization Patin Fish Oil (Pangasius micronema) Is Refined Using Bentonite and Activated Carbon. Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 626–633. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfps.4682

Jaiswal, K. K., Dutta, S., Banerjee, I., et al. (2024). Valorization of fish processing industry waste for biodiesel production: Opportunities, challenges, and technological perspectives. Renewable Energy, 220, 119601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119601

Kaspar, H., Dettmer, K., Gronwald, W., et al. (2008). Advances in amino acid analysis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 393(2), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2421-1

Kumoro, A. C., Wardhani, D. H., Kusworo, T. D., et al. (2022). Fish protein concentrate for human consumption: A review of its preparation by solvent extraction methods and potential for food applications. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 67(1), 42–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2022.04.003

Madende, M., & Hayes, M. (2020). Fish By-Product Use as Biostimulants: An Overview of the Current State of the Art, Including Relevant Legislation and Regulations within the EU and USA. Molecules, 25(5), 1122. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051122

Maghfira, A. N., Patmawati, P., Pujiastuti, D. Y., et al. (2023). Characteristics of catfish (Pangasius pangasius) viscera oil purified with bentonite. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.33005/jtp.v16i2.3226

Masilan, K., Neethiselvan, N., Jeya shakila, R., et al. (2021). Valorization of discarded industrial fish processing wastes for the extraction of gelatin to use as biodegradable fish bait matrix using RSM. PeerJ Materials Science, 3, e14. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-matsci.14

Minh, N. P., Mai, P. X., Trang, N. T. T. (2019). Effect of edible film glazing on physico-chemical, microbial, and sensory attributes of frozen Pangasius fillet. Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 11(4), 63–72.

Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia, Jakarta. (2016). RMMAF (Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries) Number 52/PERMEN-KP/2016 of 2016 concerning General Guidelines for Preparing Work Plans and Budgets for the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. Jakarta.

Mustika, R. (2021). Production Management and Feasibility of Patin (Pangasius Sp.) Cultivation in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 04(05). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i5-30

National Standards Agency of The Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta. (1996). INS (Indonesian National Standards). SNI 01-4321-1996 Fish flour. National Standards Agency of The Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.

Nguyen, L. A. D., Huynh, T. K. D., Nguyen, T. N. H., et al. (2023b). Effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on the protection of the fishballs from knife fish (Chitala chitala) and striped catfish by-product (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) against spoilage during frozen storage. Food Research, 7(2), 85–95. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(2).670

Nguyen, T. A. T., Nguyen, Q. T. T., Tran, T. C., et al. (2023a). Balancing the aquatic export supply chain strategy- A case study of the Vietnam pangasius industry. Aquaculture, 566, 739139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739139

Nhut, N., Hao, N., Bosma, R., et al. (2017). Quantifying sustainability indicators in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus downstream and upstream ponds. Aquaculture Environment Interactions, 9, 293–309. https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00231

Nielsen, S. S. (2010). Food Analysis Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 171. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-44191463-7

Nurilmala, M., Nurhayati, T., & Roskananda, R. (2018). Waste of patin filleting industry for protein hydrolysate. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(2), 288. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v21i2.23083

Oktaviani, Rz, I., Uthia, R., Jannah, F., et al. (2022). Extraction of catfish bone waste (pangasius hypophtalmus) by utilizing an organic liquid of pineapple peel waste (ananas comosus) into gelatin. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1041(1), 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1041/1/012007

Renuka, V., Kumar, J. A., & Joseph, T. C. (2019). Nature and composition of fish processing industrial waste and handling protocols. In: Toms, C. J., Kumar, J. A., Renuka, V., Remya, S. (editors). FishTech-19, Fishery Waste Management: Challenges and Business Opportunities in Gujarat- Souvenir. Veraval Research Centre of ICAR-CIFT, Veraval, Gujarat. pp. 25–37.

Rocha-Pimienta, J., Navajas-Preciado, B., Barraso-Gil, C., et al. (2023). Optimization of the Extraction of Chitosan and Fish Gelatin from Fishery Waste and Their Antimicrobial Potential as Active Biopolymers. Gels, 9(3), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030254

Rossi, E., Efendi, R., Rahmayuni, et al. (2022). Utilization of Waste Mixed Pangasius Fish Fillet and Pineapple Core to Produce Peptone for Lactic Acid Bacteria Growth Media. Volume, 11, 272–279. https://doi.org/10.47278/journal.ijvs/2021.126

Rutherfurd, S. M., & Gilani, G. S. (2009). Amino Acid Analysis. Current Protocols in Protein Science, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/0471140864.ps1109s58

Sadi, N. H., & Yoga, G. P. (2021). Skin characteristic of Pangasius Catfish in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 789(1), 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/789/1/012026

Santoso, R. A., & Atma, Y. (2020). Physical Properties of Edible Films from Pangasius catfish Bone Gelatin-Breadfruits Strach with Different Formulations. Indonesian Food Science & Technology Journal, 3(2), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.22437/ifstj.v3i2.9498

Shi, S., Wang, E., Li, C., et al. (2022). Use of Protein Content, Amylose Content, and RVA Parameters to Evaluate the Taste Quality of Rice. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.758547

Sokamte, T. A., Mbougueng, P. D., Mohammadou, B. A., et al. (2020). Proximal composition and fatty acid profile of fresh and smoked fillets of Pangasius hypophthalmus. Scientific African, 9, e00534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00534

Sugata, M., Wiriadi, P. F., Lucy, J., et al. (2019). Total lipid and omega-3 content in Pangasius catfish (Pangasius pangasius) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) from Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 25(1), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.31246/mjn-2018–0137.

Syahrul, Dewita, Isyandi B., et al. (2019). Healthy environmental management strategy in the industrial processing of patin fish. International Journal of Oceans and Oceanography, 13(1), 73–80.

Syahrul, S., Dewita, D., Effendi, I., et al. (2023). The use of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) abdominal fat as a raw material for highly nutritional fish oil. AACL Bioflux, 16(2), 979–988.

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta. (2001). GRI (Government Regulation of Indonesia) Number 82 of 2001 concerning Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta. (2004). GRI (Government Regulation of Indonesia) Number 28 of 2004 concerning Food Safety, Quality and Nutrition. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta.

The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta. (2009). RIL (Republic of Indonesia Law) Number 32 of 2009 Concerning Environmental Protection and Management. The Government of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta.

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia, Jakarta. (2016). RMEFR (Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation) No. P.68/Menlhk-Setjen/2016 concerns Wastewater Quality Standards for Fish Processing Businesses and/or Activities. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia, Jakarta.

Truong, V. T. (2021). Research on formula establishment to produce nutritional seasoning powder from pangasius by-product hydrolyzed protein. Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam, 63(6), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.31276/VJST.63(6).50–56

Wiyono, T., & Dewi, K. (2023). Integrated Waste Treatment: Solutions and Utilization of Waste with Economic Value. Jurnal PKM Manajemen Bisnis, 3(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.37481/pkmb.v3i1.587

Xu, L. Z., Gao, F., Yang, Z. L., et al. (2016). Discriminant analysis of terrestrial animal fat and oil adulteration in fish oil by infrared spectroscopy. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 9(3), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20160903.2239

Yaqin, M. A., Agustono, & Lokapimasari, W. (2021). The Effect of Essential Amino Acid (Lysine) in Commercial Feed of Patin Catfish (Pangasius sp.). World’s Veterinary Journal, 11(2), 263–266. https://doi.org/10.54203/scil.2021.wvj34

Yusmarini, Y., Pato, U., Anirwan, S., et al. (2013). Instant noodles from sago starch and catfish (Pangasius sp.) and their shelf life estimation using an accelerated method. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.17969/jtipi.v5i2.1005