Exploring the correlation between ESG, environmental performance scores and financial variables in Pacific alliance companies

Lina Maria Maya, Vicente Ripoll, Cristina Crespo, Daniel Restrepo

Article ID: 7276
Vol 8, Issue 9, 2024

VIEWS - 14 (Abstract) 3 (PDF)

Abstract


The purpose of this research was to explore the link between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and corporate financial performance in the Pacific Alliance countries (Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Chile). The study used regression models to examine the correlation between ESG scores, environmental pillar scores, and financial performance metrics like return on assets (ROA) and EBITDA for 86 companies over 2016-2022. Control variables like firm size and leverage were included. Data was obtained from Refinitiv and Bloomberg databases. The regression models showed no significant positive correlations between overall ESG or environmental pillar scores and the financial valuation measures.The inconclusive results on ESG-firm value connections underscore the need for continued research using larger samples, localized models, and exploring which ESG aspects drive financial performance Pacific Alliance.


Keywords


governance; social, environmental; firm’s value; EBITDA; ROA

Full Text:

PDF


References


Agliardi, E., Alexopoulos, T., & Karvelas, K. (2023). The environmental pillar of ESG and financial performance: A portfolio analysis. Energy Economics, 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.106598

Alcalde, A., Lopes Fávero, L. P., & Takamatsu, R. T. (2013). EBITDA1 margin in brazilian companies Variance decomposition and hierarchical effects. Contaduría y Administración, 58(2), 197-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0186-1042(13)71215-4

Alonso, A. D., Sakellarios, N., Alexander, N., et al. (2018). Corporate social responsibility in a burgeoning industry: a stakeholder analysis. Journal of Strategy and Management, 11(1), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsma-04-2017-0024

Atan, R., Alam, Md. M., Said, J., et al. (2018). The impacts of environmental, social, and governance factors on firm performance. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 29(2), 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/meq-03-2017-0033

Aydoğmuş, M., Gülay, G., & Ergun, K. (2022). Impact of ESG performance on firm value and profitability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22, S119–S127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.11.006

Banco central de reserva del perú. (2024). PBI por sectores. Available online: https://estadisticas.bcrp.gob.pe/estadisticas/series/mensuales/pbi-por-sectores (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Banerjee, S., Homroy, S., & Slechten, A. (2022). Stakeholder preference and strategic corporate social responsibility. Journal of Corporate Finance, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2022.102286

Beck, D. (2024). Stakeholder Theory. Reference Module in Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-13701-3.00299-1

Bianconi, M., & Tan, C. M. (2019). Evaluating the instantaneous and medium-run impact of mergers and acquisitions on firm values. International Review of Economics & Finance, 59, 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2018.08.005

Bouwens, J., de Kok, T., & Verriest, A. (2019). The Prevalence and Validity of EBITDA as a Performance Measure. Comptabilité Contrôle Audit, Tome 25(1), 55–105. https://doi.org/10.3917/cca.251.0055

Brealey, R. A., Myers, S. C., Allen, F., & Mohanty, P. (2018). Principles of Corporate Finance, 12/e. McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.

Chen, H.-M., Kuo, T.-C., & Chen, J.-L. (2022). Impacts on the ESG and financial performances of companies in the manufacturing industry based on the climate change related risks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134951

Clarkson, P. M., Li, Y., Richardson, G. D., et al. (2008). Revisiting the relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: An empirical analysis. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 33(4–5), 303–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2007.05.003

D’Amato, V., D’Ecclesia, R., & Levantesi, S. (2021). ESG score prediction through random forest algorithm. Computational Management Science, 19(2), 347–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10287-021-00419-3

Damodaran, A. (2012). Investment Valuation: Tools and Techniques for Determining the Value of Any Asset. John Wiley & Sons.

Dane. (2024). PIB Información técnica. Available online: https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/cuentas-nacionales/cuentas-nacionales-trimestrales/pib-informacion-tecnica (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Dang, C., (Frank) Li, Z., & Yang, C. (2018). Measuring firm size in empirical corporate finance. Journal of Banking & Finance, 86, 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2017.09.006

Dechezleprêtre, A., Koźluk, T., Kruse, T., et al. (2019). Do Environmental and Economic Performance Go Together? A Review of Micro-level Empirical Evidence from the Past Decade or So. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, 13(1–2), 1–118. https://doi.org/10.1561/101.00000106

Duygun, M., Hall, S., Kenjegalieva, A., et al. (2022). ESG complementarities in the US economy. The European Journal of Finance, 30(7), 753–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2022.2157300

Erhart, S. (2022). Take it with a pinch of salt—ESG rating of stocks and stock indices. International Review of Financial Analysis, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102308

Fatemi, A., Glaum, M., & Kaiser, S. (2018). ESG performance and firm value: The moderating role of disclosure. Global Finance Journal, 38, 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2017.03.001

Filippou, I., & Taylor, M. P. (2021). Pricing ethics in the foreign exchange market: Environmental, Social and Governance ratings and currency premia. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 191, 66–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.08.037

Franz, T. (2020). Spatial fixes and switching crises in the times of COVID-19: implications for commodity-producing economies in Latin America. Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue Canadienne d’études Du Développement, 42(1–2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2020.1832881

Gholami, A., Sands, J., & Rahman, H. U. (2022). Environmental, Social and Governance Disclosure and Value Generation: Is the Financial Industry Different? Sustainability, 14(5), 2647. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052647

Grupo BMV. (2024). S&P/BMV IPC. Available online: https://www.bmv.com.mx/es/Grupo_BMV?bandera=1 (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Husna, A., & Satria, I. (2019). Effects of return on asset, debt to asset ratio, current ratio, firm size, and dividend payout ratio on firm value. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 9(5), 50–54. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.8595

Ibhagui, O. W., & Olokoyo, F. O. (2018). Leverage and firm performance: New evidence on the role of firm size. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 45, 57–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2018.02.002

Jiang, Z., Xu, Y., Fang, M., et al. (2023). How does the bond market price corporate ESG engagement? Evidence from China. Economic Analysis and Policy, 78, 1406–1423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2023.05.019

Khamisu, M. S., Paluri, R. A., & Sonwaney, V. (2024). Stakeholders’ perspectives on critical success factors for environmental social and governance (ESG) implementation. Journal of Environmental Management, 365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121583

Khanifah, K., Udin, U., Hadi, N., et al. (2020). Environmental performance and firm value: testing the role of firm reputation in emerging countries. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 10(1), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8490

Lanchimba, C., Bonilla-Bolaños, A., & Díaz-Sánchez, J. P. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: theoretical scenarios of its socioeconomic impacts in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 40(4), 622–646. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572020-3199

Li, Y., Gong, M., Zhang, X.-Y., et al. (2018). The impact of environmental, social, and governance disclosure on firm value: The role of CEO power. The British Accounting Review, 50(1), 60–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2017.09.007

Mahajan, R., Lim, W. M., Sareen, M., et al. (2023). Stakeholder theory. Journal of Business Research, 166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114104

Martins, U. R., & Galileo, M. H. M. (1998). Revisão da tribo Aerenicini Lacordaire, 1872 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Arquivos de Zoologia, 35(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v35i1p1-133

Maso, L. D., Liberatore, G., & Mazzi, F. (2016). Value Relevance of Stakeholder Engagement: The Influence of National Culture. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 24(1), 44–56. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1390

Mendiratta, A., Singh, S., Yadav, S. S., et al. (2023). When do ESG controversies reduce firm value in India? Global Finance Journal, 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2023.100809

México Como Vamos. (2024). PIB al cierre de 2023: Estancamiento en medio de una recuperación incompleta. Available online: https://mexicocomovamos.mx/publicaciones/2024/02/pib-al-cierre-de-2023/ (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Msci colcap. (2024). Msci Colcap Index. Available online: https://www.msci.com/our-solutions/indexes/index-profiles/market-cap-weighted/msci-colcap-indexes (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Naeem, M., Ullah, H., & Jan, S. (2021). The Impact of ESG Practices on Firm Performance: EvidenceFrom Emerging Countries. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 20(1).

Nishitani, K., & Kokubu, K. (2020). Can firms enhance economic performance by contributing to sustainable consumption and production? Analyzing the patterns of influence of environmental performance in Japanese manufacturing firms. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 21, 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2019.12.002

Nygård, O. E., & Thoresen, T. O. (2023). Controlling for fixed effects in studies of income underreporting. European Journal of Law and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-023-09769-6

ODEPA, Oficina de Estudios y Políticas Agrarias. (2024). PIB por clase de actividad económica. Available online: https://www.odepa.gob.cl/pib-por-clase-de-actividad-economica (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Paul, S. R., & Zhang, X. (2010). Testing for normality in linear regression models. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 80(10), 1101–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00949650902964275

Plumlee, M., Brown, D., Hayes, R. M., et al. (2015). Voluntary environmental disclosure quality and firm value: Further evidence. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 34(4), 336–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2015.04.004

Ponta, L., Puliga, G., Manzini, R., et al. (2022). Sustainability-oriented innovation and co-patenting role in agri-food sector: Empirical analysis with patents. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121595

Ravinder Singh, C.P. Gupta, & Pankaj Chaudhary. (2024). Defining Return on Assets (ROA) in Empirical Corporate Finance Research: A Critical Review. The Empirical Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.10901886

Refinitiv. (2022). Environmental, social and governance scores from refinitiv. Available online: https://www.refinitiv.com/content/dam/marketing/en_us/documents/methodology/refinitiv-esg-scores-methodology.pdf (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Reyes, G. E., Cheyne, A., & Useche, A. (2018). Social and Economic Conditions of Peru and Countries of the Pacific Alliance. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0028

S&P Dow Jones Indices. (2024a). S&P IPSA. Available online: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/es/indices/equity/sp-ipsa/#overview (accessed on 3 May 2023).

S&P Dow Jones Indices. (2024b). S&P/BVL Peru General Index. Available online: https://www.spglobal.com/spdji/es/indices/equity/sp-bvl-peru-general-index/#overview (accessed on 3 May 2023).

Sachs, S., & Rühli, E. (2011). Stakeholders Matter. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139026963

Starr, P. K. (2001). Dollars for Pesos? The Political-Economy of Dollarization in Latin America. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 21(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572001-1250

Tsang, A., Frost, T., & Cao, H. (2023). Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure: A literature review. The British Accounting Review, 55(1), 101149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2022.101149

Yin, X.-N., Li, J.-P., & Su, C.-W. (2023). How does ESG performance affect stock returns? Empirical evidence from listed companies in China. Heliyon, 9(5), e16320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16320

Yoon, B., Lee, J. H., & Byun, R. (2018). Does ESG Performance Enhance Firm Value? Evidence from Korea. Sustainability, 10(10), 3635. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103635

Zeileis, A. (2004). Econometric computing with HC and HAC covariance matrix estimators. Vienna University of Economics and Business. https://doi.org/10.57938/56B40E45-D5A1-4507-81CF-934332C61890




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.7276

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Lina Maria Maya, Vicente Ripoll, Cristina Crespo, Daniel Restrepo

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.