Current studies in disaster sociology, which were initiated and developed mostly in the USA upon the request of the army, are far from meeting the needs today. Today, more than ever, new theoretical and methodological approaches that are not human-centered are needed. The research, a part of which is presented here, aims to render invisible the damages and losses suffered by those who are marginalized by the powerful, in disasters in general and earthquakes in particular. The main question of this research is how to address the damages suffered by soil plants and animals, including immigrants in Turkey, due to the disaster on 6February 2023.(Based on this, the main question of the study is how to address the damages of the natural environment, including plants, animals and soils, as well as Syrian immigrants in Turkey, who were affected by the earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş on 6February 2023, which we experienced most recently, will be addressed with an antipositivist approach.) For this purpose, unlike classical sociological approaches, based on relational sociology, how immigrants, plants, animals and soil are affected together during the uncertainty and complexity in daily life has been analyzed based on available written and visual documents. The findings were discussed with a holistic view, based on the ‘One World’ terminology suggested by relational sociologist Bruno Latour. It has been revealed that due to the earthquake turning into a major disaster, the resident population has become openly or secretly immigrants, and they have been marginalized like other creatures, especially international immigrants, most of whom are Syrians, have been blamed, excluded and rendered invisible. While the research results reveal the inadequacy of classical essentialist sociological approaches based on the basic duality of nature and society, they also show that ‘differences’ and ‘uncertainties’ come to the fore in daily life instead of linear determinations. In addition, while the importance and contributions of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary studies with concepts such as ‘liminality’ and ‘turning point’ are exhibited, on the other hand, some suggestions are made based on Bruno Latour’s ‘One World’ approach.

Aslan, A. (2023). Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in the Context of Relational Sociology-Göç-Göçmetre (Turkish). International Journal of Human Mobility, 3(1), 55-66.

Bailey, K. (2008). Methods of Social Research. New York, Free Press.

Bhasker, R. (2013). Realist Theory of Science. Routledge.

Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge.

Bourdieu, P. (1983). The field of cultural production, or the economic world reversed. Poetics, 12, 311-356.

Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinctions, A Social Critiques of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge MA. Harvard UP.

Bourdieu, P. (1989). Social Space and Symbolic Power. Sociological Theory, 7(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.2307/202060

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/qrj0902027

Burawoy, M. (2005). For Public Sociology. American Sociological Review, 70(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240507000102

Burawoy, M. (2021) Public Sociology. Polity Press.

Crossley, N. (2010). Towards Relational Sociology. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203887066

Crossley, N. (2015). Relational sociology and culture: a preliminary framework. International Review of Sociology, 25(1), 65–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2014.997965

Danielsson, E., Johansson, R., Neal, D. M. (2015). Editorial: An introduction to Nordic research. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 33(3), 316–322.

Dépelteau, F. (2008). Relational Thinking: A Critique of Co-Deterministic Theories of Structure and Agency. Sociological Theory, 26(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2008.00318.x

Depelteau, F., Powell, C. (2013) Applying Relational Sociology: Relations, Networks and Society. Palgrave & Macmillan.

Donati, P. (2011). Relational Sociology; A New Paradigm for the Social Sciences. New York: Routledge.

Donati, P. (2015). Manifesto for a critical realist relational sociology. International Review of Sociology, 25(1), 86-109.

Duruel, M. (2023). Afetlerde Göçmen Olmak: 6 Şubat Depremi Hatay Örneği. Mukaddime, 14(2), 227–255. https://doi.org/10.19059/mukaddime.1381750

Elias, N. (1977). Towards a Theory of Social Process. Collected Works, 16.

Elias, N. (1978). The Concept of Everyday Life. Collected Works, 1.

Elias, N. (1987). Involvement and Detachment. Collected Works, 8.

Emirbayer, M. (1997). Manifesto for a relational sociology. American Journal of Sociology, 103, 281-317.

FAO. (2023). Earthquake Response a Recovery Plan:2023-2026. Available online: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b81112a9-2deb-4df5-a230-520ada59fd05/content (accessed on 9 March 2024).

Fleck, L. (1979). Genesis and Development of a Scientific Fact. The University of Chicago Press.

Fuhse, J. A. (2013). Social relationships between communication, network structure and culture. In: Dépelteau, F., Powell, C. (editors). Applying Relational Sociology. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137407009_8

Fuhse, J. A. (2015). Theorizing Social Networks: Relational Sociology of and around Harrison White. International Review of Sociology, 25(1), 15-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.2014.997968

Fuhse, J. A. (2020). Relational Sociology of the Scientific Field: Communication, Identities, and Field Relations. Digithum. https://doi.org/10.7238/d.v0i26.374144

GAR. (2023a). Göç ve Deprem: Durum Tespit Raporu I. Available online: https://gocarastirmalaridernegi.org/tr/calismalar/arastirmalar/goc-ve-deprem-durum-tespit-raporu/311-goc-ve-deprem-durum-tespit-raporu (accessed on 7 March 2024).

GAR. (2023b). Göç ve Deprem: Durum Tespit Raporu II. Available online: https://gocarastirmalaridernegi.org/tr/calismalar/arastirmalar/goc-ve-deprem-durum-tespit-raporu/320-goc-ve-deprem-durum-tespit-raporu-ii (accessed on 8 March 2024).

GAR. (2023c). Göç ve Deprem: Durum Tespit Raporu III. Available online: https://gocarastirmalaridernegi.org/tr/calismalar/arastirmalar/goc-ve-deprem-durum-tespit-raporu/322-goc-ve-deprem-durum-tespit-raporu-iii (accessed on 49 March 2024).

Giddens, A. (1998). Risk society: Context of British politics. In: The Politics of Risk Society. Polity Press. pp. 23-34.

Green, S. P. (2006). Looting, law, and lawlessness. Tulane Law Review, 81, 1129.

Günbayı, I. (2020). Defnition, philosophy, types, process, political and ethical issues and pross and corns. Journal of Mixed Methods Studies, 2, 16-25. https://doi.org/10.14689/jomes.2020.2.2

Harper, D. W., Frailing, K. (2015). Crime and criminal justice in disaster. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Henry, F. (2020). COVID-19 is a disaster. So is mass Black death. Medium. Available online: https://medium.com/@henry.feliciaa/covid-19-is-a-disaster-so-is-massblack- death-c38a29b5936c (accessed on 6 Macrch 2024).

IOM. (2023). IOM: 2023 Earthquakes Displacement Overview—Türkiye. Available online: https://reliefweb.int/report/turkiye/iom-2023-earthquakes-displacement-overview-turkiye-march-2023 (accessed on 6 Macrch 2024).

Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2013). Self, Family and: Human Development (Turkish). Istanbul: Koç University.

Kappeler, V. E., Potter, G. W. (1996). The mythology of crime and criminal justice. Prospect Heights, IL:Waveland.

Karadeniz, A. (2007). Earthquakes and abnormal animal behavior (Turkish). Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil.Dergisi, 2(3), 99-102.

Kasapoglu, A. (2015). Regarding the Subject’s Life. In: Grounded Theory in Sociology. Istanbul: Detail.

Kasapoglu, A. (2016). Applied Relational Sociology (Turkish). Yeni Insan Yayinevi.

Kasapoglu, A. (2017). Breezes from Muğla Workshop (Turkish). Muğla: Menteşe Belediyesi.

Kasapoglu, A. (2022) A Relational Sociological Appraisal About Climate Refugees. Biomed Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, 42(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.26717/BJJTR.2022.42.006734

Kasapoglu, A. (2022). Mixed Design Research in Sociology (Turkish). Istanbul: Yeni İnsan.

Kasapoglu, A. (2023) Regenaration of Sociology in the New World. Novel Research in Sciences, 14(55). https://doi.org/10.31031/NRS.2023.14.000847

Kasapoglu, A. (2023). Disaster and Society: Human-Nature Relationship (Turkish). Ankara: Töz Publishing House.

Kasapoglu, A., & Akbal, A. (2020). Relational Sociological Analysis of Uncertainties: The case of COVID-19 In Turkey. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(4), 197–228. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.74.8116

Kasapoglu, A., Ecevit, M. (2001). Sociological Research of Earthquake (Turkish). Sosyoloji Derneği.

Kasapoğlu, M. A. (2024). Relational sociological examination of disasters: February 2023 Kahramanmaraş centered earthquake example (Turkish). Habitus Toplumbilim Dergisi, 5(5), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.62156/habitus.1413443

Koçanli, M., Kasapoglu, A. (2021). The Stress Levels of Employees in an Organization with Liminal Status: The Case of Gendarmerie in Turkey. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 87-105. https://doi.org/10.4236.2021.94009

Kosar, A., & Kasapoglu, A. (2021). Sociology of Everyday Life with Uncertainty and Differences during the Covid-19 Pandemic Process: The Case of Turkey Retirees Association. Advances in Applied Sociology, 11(12), 747–772. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2021.1112061

Latour, B (2018). Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climate Regime. Polity.

Latour, B. (2005). Reassambling the Social: Am Introduction to Actor-Network Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.

Latour, B. (2017). Facing Gaia: Eight Lectures on the New Climate Regime. Polity.

Lee, W. H. K., Ando, M., Kautz., WH. (1976). A summary of the literature on unusual animal behavior before earthquakes (Open-File Report 76-826). U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76826

Matere, J., Simpkin, P., Angerer, J., et al. (2019) Predictive livestock early warning system (PLEWS): Monitoring forage condition and implications for Animal production in Kenya. Weather and Climate Extremes. http://doi.org/1o.1016/j.wace.2019.100209

Meng, J., Kusky, T. M., Mooney, W. D., et al. (2024). Surface deformations on the 6 February 2023 earthquake sequence, eastern Turkiye. Science, 383(6680), 298-305. http://doi.org/10.1126/scienceadj.3770

Mileti, D. (1999). Disasters by Design: A Reassesment of the Natural Hazards. Washington: John Henry Press.

Mische, A. (2011). Relational sociology, culture, and agency. Available online: https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/360985/mod_resource/content/1/mische_relational_sociology_2011.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2024).

Peek, L., Wachtendorf, T., Meyer, A. (2021) Sociology of Disasters. Available online: https://hazards.colorado.edu/uploads/basicpage/peek-et-al2021sociology-of-disasters.pdf (accessed on 6 April 2024).

Powell, C., Depelteau, F. (2013). Conceptualizing Relational Sociology: Ontological and Theoretical Issues. Palgrave &Macmillan.

Prandini, R. (2015) Relational sociology: A well-defined sociological paradigm or a challenging ‘Relational Turn’ in Sociology? In: International Review of Sociology, 25(1), 1-14.

Purdum, J. C. (2019). Hazardous or vulnerable? Prisoners and emergency planning in the US. In: Emerging voices in natural hazards research. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 179–209.

Quarantelli, E. L., & Dynes, R. R. (1977). Response to social crisis and disaster. Annual Review of Sociology, 3(1), 23–49.

Quarantelli, E. L. (2008). Conventional beliefs and counterintuitive realities. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 75(3), 873–904.

Sağıroglu, A. Z., Ünsal, R., Özenci, F. (2023). Post-earthquake migration and human mobility; Situation Assessment Report (Turkish). Ankara: AYBU.

Sapountzaki, K. (2022). Risk mitigation, vulnarability management, and resilience under disasters. Sustainability, 14(6), 3589. http://doi.org./10.3390/su14063589

Şen, F. (2023). Political public relations and crisis communication of the government: The case study of the earthquake of 6 February 2023 in Turkey. Journal of Ekonomi, 5(2), 70-76. https:// doi.org/1058251/ekonomi.1352342

Tarde, G. (1969). On communication and social influence. University of Chicago Press.

Tarde, G. (2000). Social Laws: An outline of Sociology. Available online: https://monoskop.org/images/f/f8/Tarde_Gabriel_Social_Laws_An_Outline_of_Sociology.pdf (accessed on 9 March 2024).

Tributsch, H. (1978). Do aerosol anomalies precede earthquake? Nature, 276(1), 606-608.

Tributsch, H. (1982). When the Snakes Awake: Animals and Earthquake Prediction. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Turner, V. W. (1969). Liminality and Communitas. The Rituals Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. Chicago, Ill: Aldine.

Turner, V. W. (1988). Anthropology of Performance. New York: PAJ.

Turner, V.W. (1974). Dramas, Fields and Metaphors, Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca N.Y: Cornell UP.

UNDP. (2020). Human Costs of Disasters: An Overview of the Last 20 Years 2000-2019. UNDP. https://doi.org/10.18356/79b92774-en

Van Gennep, A. (1960). The Rites of Passage. Chicago: Chicago UP.

Wachtendorf, T., Brown, B., Holguin-Veras, J. (2013). Catastrophe characteristics and their impact on critical supply chains: Problematizing materiel convergence and management following Hurricane Katrina. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 10(2), 497–520. https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsem-2012-0069.

Wallemac, P., House, R. (2018). Economic losses, poverty, and disasters: 1998–2017. Available online: https://www.undrr.org/publication/economic-losses-poverty-disasters-1998-2017 (accessed on 7 April 2024).

White, H. C. (1992). Identity and Control: A Structural Theory of Social Action. Princeton University Press.

Xu, B., Lo, M. M. (2022). Toward a cultural sociology of disaster: Introduction. Poetics, 93, Part A, 101682.