In Indonesia, the village government organization is part of local democracy. This includes the local democracy in indigenous villages. Indigenous villages have their own customary rules for implementing village elections. They have their own conflict resolution systems in implementing the village government. The implementation of the indigenous village governance leaves conflicts. So, there is a need for a suitable model for resolving problems in the implementation of village elections. The method used in this research is the qualitative research method with the juridical empirical approach. The locus of this research is in the Baduy, Tengger, and Samin indigenous village communities. The conflict resolution model in the administration of the Baduy, Tengger, and Samin customary villages differs in the right mechanism, but in substance, the resolution model is the same, as they use a deliberation model for consensus. In resolving conflicts, indigenous peoples fully submit to traditional leaders. The provincial and the regency/city governments are expected to give greater attention to the conditions of villages with customary government characteristics.

Adhiharinalti. (2012). The Existence of Customary Law in the Implementation of Village Government in Bali (Indonesian). Jurnal Rechts Vinding Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v1i3.93

Amarini, I., Fitriah, N., & Cahyadri, R. A. (2022). Integrated Legal Protection of Women in Conflict with the Law in the Criminal Judicial Process. Jurnal Jurisprudence, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v12i2.1329

Arliman, L. (2018). Customary Law in Indonesia from the Views of Experts and the Concept of Its Implementation in Indonesia (Indonesian). Jurnal Selat, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.31629/selat.v5i2.320

Aziz, N. L. L. (2016). Village Autonomy and Effectiveness of Village Funds (Indonesian). Jurnal Penelitian Politik, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.14203/jpp.v13i2.575

Bedner, A. W., & Huis, S. V. (2008). The return of the native in Indonesian law indigenous communities in Indonesian legislation. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde, 164(2). https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003655

Binada, U. (2019). Construction of Communal Identity of The Tengger Tribe Community from the Kingdom Era to Post Reform (Indonesian). WASKITA Jurnal Pendidikan Nilai dan Pembangunan Karakter, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.waskita.2019.003.01.6

Coomb, S. F. (1993). Educational Governance and Administration. Englewood Chiffs.

Damayanti, A. S., & Fauzi, A. M. (2022). Political Participation and Voter Behavior in Village Head Elections (Indonesian). Law, Development, and Justice Review, 5(2), 228–236. https://doi.org/10.14710/ldjr.v5i2.17215

Fakrulloh, Z. A. (2014). Position and Determination of Villages and Traditional Villages Based on Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages (Indonesian). Jurnal Hukum ‘Inkracht,’ 1(1).

Farazmand, A. (2004). Sound Governance: Policy and Administrative Innovations. Praeger Publishers.

Fatmawati, F. (2016). The Role of Tengger Tribe Traditional Stakeholders in Implementing the Customary Legal System (Indonesian). Jurnal Rechtens, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.36835/rechtens.v5i1.126

Firmanda, H. (2017). Traditional Law of the Petapahan Community in Environmental Management as an Effort to Fulfill the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Indonesian). Jurnal FIKRI, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.25217/jf.v2i1.82

Greeners. (2013). Nature, Tengger Local Wisdom and New Year (Indonesian). Available online: https://www.greeners.co/sosok-komunitas/alam-kearifan-suku-tengger-dan-tahun-baru/2/ (accessed on 16 February 2024)

Hamidi, J. (2016). Modifying the development model for an inclusive museum to realise a miniature of good village governance (A study on indigenous people of Tengger and Baduy). Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 24(2).

Hans, A. (2003). Village Government and Rural Development in Indonesia: The New Democratic Framework. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 39(2).

Hermawan, S., Rizal, M., Haryumeinanda, F., & Oktiviasti, Y. H. C. (2021). Constitutionality of Indigenous Law Communities in the Perspective of Sociological Jurisprudence. Jurisprudence, 11(2), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v11i2.12998

Huda, N., & Fauzani, M. A. (2024). Transformation Model of Institutional Arrangements of Indigenous People to Become Customary Villages: Experiences from Indonesia. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.2765

Ismi, H. (2012). Legal Position of the Indigenous People’s Unit in a Dispute in the Constitutional Court (Indonesian). Jurnal Konstitusi, 1(1).

Kayen, T. (2015). Customary Law in the Face of State Legal Politics: Sociological Study of the Law of the Rejang Indigenous Community (Indonesian). Jurnal Jurisprudence, 5(2), https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v5i2.4223.

Kuswardani, K., Kurnianingsih, M., & Prakoso, A. L. (2018). Spiritual Values of Customary Law. Jurisprudence, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v8i1.6267

Linos, K., & Carlson, M. (2017). Qualitative Methods for Law Review Writing. University of Chicago Law Review, 84(1).

Loffler, E. (2003). Governance and Government: Networking with external stakeholders. In: Bovair, T., & Löffle, E. (editors). Public Management and Governance. Routledge.

Mubarak, H., & Fauzan, I. (2019). The Village Head Election System and the Appointment of Village Heads and Their Impact on Public Service: A Case Study of a Comparison between Jambi City and Muaro Jamni (Indonesian). POLITEIEA: Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.32734/politeia.v11i2.1072

Mustomi, O. (2017). Changes in the Legal Cultural Order in the Baduy Tribe of Banten Province (Indonesian). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum.

Muthusamy, P., Wickramasinghe, N. C., & Thilagatvi, S. (2014). Topological socio-cultural evolution a predictor of ethnic conflicts in multi-ethnic societies. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(2).

Nurcholis, H. (2011). The Growth and Establishment of the Village Government (Indonesian). Erlangga.

Nurcholis, H., Wahyukridasakti, S., & Srijatirachman, A. (2014). Village Administration in Indonesia: A “Pseudo Government Unit”. In: Proceedings of the 2014 World Conference for Public Administration of the Korean Association for Public Administration.

Panca, A. (2017). Efforts of the Kuala Gasib Traditional Village Government, Koto Gasib District, Siak Regency to Preserve Customs (Indonesian). JOM FISIP Universitas Riau, 4(1).

Pemerintah Jawa Timur. (2021). East Java in Numbers (Indonesian). Province of East Java.

Pramono, E. (2020). Local Economic Development in Cultural and Nature Based Tourism Development Study in Ngadas Village, Poncokusumo District, Malang Regency (Indonesian). University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Ridwan, H. R. (2013). State Administrative Law (Indonesian). Rajawali Pers.

Saleh, H. A. (2008). Study of Village Government from Regional Autonomy Perspective (Indonesian). Government: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.31947/jgov.v1i1.1119

Saputra, H. (2020). The Tengger tribe will still hold the Yadnya Kasada ceremony, but there is something different (Indonesian). Malang Times. Available online: https://www.malangtimes.com/baca/53752/20200611/200300/suku-tengger-tetap-bakal-gelar-upacara-yadnya-kasada-namun-ada-yang-beda (accessed on 20 December 2023).

Silahuddin. (2015). Village Authority and Regulations (Indonesian). Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, dan Transmigrasi Republik Indonesia.

Wahyudi, A. (2015). Conflict, Theory and Problem (Indonesian). Publiciana, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.36563/publiciana.v8i1.45

Waraouw, J. N. (2012). Inventory and Indigenous Community of Tengger Ngadisari Sukapura Probolinggo East Java (Indonesian). Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya.

Winarsih, C. W. (2016). The Juridical Relevance of Penal Mediation in Resolving Crimes in the Samin Tribe Community (Indonesian). Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies (IJCLS), 1(1).

Yulia, R., Prakasa, A., & Ali, M. (2023). Restoring the Conflicts among Societies: How does Baduy Society Settle the Criminal Cases through Restorative Justice. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(3).

Zuhro, R. S. (2018). Democracy, Regional Otonomy and The Governance of Indonesia (Indonesian). Interaktif: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 10(1).