The progression of transport infrastructures and Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas in Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur suburban: Lessons from policy approach
Vol 8, Issue 9, 2024
VIEWS - 199 (Abstract) 97 (PDF)
Abstract
In developing metropolitan cities, the expansion of urban areas due to the urbanization phenomenon has resulted in massive transport infrastructure development in suburban areas. This development has prompted many governments to begin introducing Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) to organize emerging transit hubs in suburban areas into their city plans. The approach adopted to introduce TOD may differ, depending on the existing context. Countries with similar socio-cultural background typically adopt a uniform approach, but not Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur as the most developing metropolitan cities in Southeast Asia with similar urbanization and socio-cultural Based on the situation, through the examining documents and spatial analysis, this study seeks to examine the impact of different policy approach between Jakarta and Kuala Lumpur on the progressions of transport infrastructure and TOD areas in suburban. The results showed that Kuala Lumpur had a more rapid progression in transport infrastructures development, accompanied by the establishment of several transit zones in urban and suburban areas. Meanwhile, Jakarta’s approach comprised the gradual development of infrastructures, initially focusing on TOD in central urban areas and only a limited number of suburban areas with significant commuter traffic. These results indicate that differences in policy approaches in the two regions with similar urbanization and socio-cultural contexts influence the evolution of transport infrastructure and TOD areas development. Several factors contribute to these discrepancies, including efficiency, synchrony, bias, clarity of organizational structure, and conceptual comprehension. At macro basis, policy makers must underline that the characteristics suitability between the approach and region critically determines the success of urban development.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Azmi, N. A., Osman, M. M., Rabe, N. S., et al. (2021). A comparative analysis of land use and compact city principles and guidelines on rail public transit stations in Malaysia. Planning Malaysia, 19. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v19i15.935
Baker, D. M., & Lee, B. (2017). How Does Light Rail Transit (LRT) Impact Gentrification? Evidence from Fourteen US Urbanized Areas. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x17713619
Bendaraya Kuala Lumpur Government. (2023). Kuala Lumpur Structure Plan 2040 City for All. Dewan Bendaraya Kuala Lumpur Jabatan Perancang Bendaraya. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Bhakti, C., Samudra, A. A., & Suradika, A. (2023). Impact and resolution of land conflict cases on Rempang Island, Indonesia. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(12), e2146. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i12.2146
Brès, A. (2014). Train stations in areas of low density and scattered urbanisation: towards a specific form of rail oriented development. Town Planning Review, 85(2), 261–272. https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2014.16
Central Government of Republic Indonesia. (2007a). National Law No. 23 of 2007 concerning The National Railway. Central Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Central Government of Republic Indonesia. (2007b). National Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning The Spatial Planning. Central Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Central Government of Republic Indonesia. (2009). National Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Transportation. Central Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Central Government of Republic Indonesia. (2018). Presidential Decree No. 55 of 2018 concerning the Jabodetabek Transportation Master Plan 2018-2029. Central Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Cidell, J., & Prytherch, D. (2015). Transport, Mobility, and the Production of Urban Space. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315709680
Curtis, C., Renne, J. L., Bertolini, L. (2009). Transit oriented development: Making it Happen. Ashgate.
Desjardins, X., Maulat, J., & Sykes, O. (2014). Introduction Linking rail and urban development: reflections on French and British experience. Town Planning Review, 85(2), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2014.9
Dirgahayani, P., & Choerunnisa, D. N. (2018). Development of Methodology to Evaluate TOD Feasibility in Built-up Environment (Case Study: Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 158, 012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/158/1/012019
Dittmar, H., Ohland, G. (2018). The New Transit Town: Best Practices in Transit Oriented Development. In: e-conversion—Proposal for a Cluster of Excellence. Island Press.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2012). DKI Jakarta Provincial Regulation No. 1 of 2012 concerning The Jakarta Spatial Plan 2030. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2014). DKI Jakarta Provincial Regulation No. 1 of 2014 concerning The Spatial Planning Detail and Zoning Regulation. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2017a). DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 44 of 2017 concerning Development of TOD Area. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2017b). DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 140 of 2017 concerning The Assignment of MRT Jakarta Company as the Main Operator for Managing Transit Areas. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2018). DKI Jakarta Provincial Regulation No. 1 of 2018 concerning RPJMD DKI Jakarta Province 2017-2022. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2019). DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 67 of 2019 concerning Implementation of Transit Oriented Development. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2020a). DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 107 of 2020 concerning Dukuh Atas TOD Guideline. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2020b). DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 55 of 2020 concerning Blok-M Sisingamaraja TOD Guideline. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2020c). DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 56 of 2020 concerning Fatmawati TOD Guideline. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. (2020d). DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 57 of 2020 concerning Lebak Bulus TOD Guideline. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Garcia-López, M. À. (2012). Urban spatial structure, suburbanization and transportation in Barcelona. Journal of Urban Economics, 72(2–3), 176–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2012.05.003
Hasibuan, H. S., & Mulyani, M. (2022). Transit-Oriented Development: Towards Achieving Sustainable Transport and Urban Development in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(9), 5244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095244
Hasibuan, H. S., & Permana, C. T. (2022). Socio-cultural characteristics of people and the shape of transit-oriented development (TOD) in Indonesia: A mobility culture perspective. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2022.1997
Hasibuan, H. S., Koestoer, R. H., Permana, C. T., et al. (2024). Transport policies, transit-oriented and development redistribution of population in peri-urban: lessons from kuala lumpur and jakarta metropolitan area. Planning malaysia, 22. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v22i30.1438
Hasibuan, H. S., Soemardi, T. P., Koestoer, R., et al. (2014). The Role of Transit Oriented Development in Constructing Urban Environment Sustainability, the Case of Jabodetabek, Indonesia. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 20, 622–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.075
Hemdratno, T. (2018). Non-Motorized Transportation (NMT) Policy Development in Transit-Oriented DEvelopment (TOD) Area: Case Study of Blok M, Jakarta [Master’s Thesis]. Gajah Mada University.
Hermansyah, A., Samudra, A. A., & Satispi, E. (2024). Policy dialogue: Key factors for the success of transit-oriented development infrastructure 3.0 in big cities in Indonesia. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(5), 3400. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i5.3400
Hickman, R., & Hall, P. (2008). Moving the City East: Explorations into Contextual Public Transport-orientated Development. Planning Practice and Research, 23(3), 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/02697450802423583
Hudalah, D., Winarso, H., & Woltjer, J. (2014). Gentrifying the peri-urban: Land use conflicts and institutional dynamics at the frontier of an Indonesian metropolis. Urban Studies, 53(3), 593–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014557208
Ibrahim, S. M., Ayad, H. M., Saadallah, D. M. (2022). Planning Transit-Oriented Development (TOD): A Systematic Literature Review of Measuring the Transit-Oriented Development Levels. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 6(4), 378-398. https://doi.org/10.2495/TDI-V6-N4-378-398
Irsal, R. M., Hasibuan, H. S., & Azwar, S. A. (2022). Spatial Modeling for Residential Optimization in Dukuh Atas Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Area, Jakarta, Indonesia. Sustainability, 15(1), 530. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010530
Jamme, H. T., Rodriguez, J., Bahl, D., et al. (2019). A Twenty-Five-Year Biography of the TOD Concept: From Design to Policy, Planning, and Implementation. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x19882073
Japan International Cooperation Agency. (2012). Project for the Study on JABODETABEK Public Transportation Policy Implementation Strategy (JAPTraPis)—Final Report. Available online: https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12079000_01.pdf (accessed on 25 March 2024).
Japan International Cooperation Agency. (2019). JABODETABEK Urban Transportation Policy Integration (JUTPI) Project Phase 2 In the Republic of Indonesia Final Report. Available online: https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12356366.pdf (accessed on 25 March 2024).
Kidokoro, T. (2019). Transit-Oriented Development Policies and Station Area Development in Asian Cities. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3470063
Kuala Lumpur Government. (2020). Kuala Lumpur 2020 City Plan Volume 1. Kuala Lumpur City Hall. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lee, J., Choi, K., & Leem, Y. (2015). Bicycle-based transit-oriented development as an alternative to overcome the criticisms of the conventional transit-oriented development. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 10(10), 975–984. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2014.923547
Levine, P. (2021). Why protect civil liberties during a pandemic? Journal of Public Health Policy, 42(1), 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41271-020-00263-w
Lyu, G., Bertolini, L., & Pfeffer, K. (2016). Developing a TOD typology for Beijing metro station areas. Journal of Transport Geography, 55, 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.07.002
Majelis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya. (2023a). Petaling Jaya Local Plan 1 (Amendment 4) (Indonesian). Majelis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya. (2023b). Tempatan Petaling Jaya 2 Plan (Change 3) (Indonesian). Majelis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Bandaraya Shah Alam. (2020). Local Plan of Shah Alam Airport Assembly 2035 (Indonesian). Majelis Bandraya Shah Alam. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Bandaraya Subang Jaya. (2022). Tempatan Subang Jaya 2035 Plan (Replacement) (Indonesian). Majelis Bandaraya Subang Jaya. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Daerah Sabak Bernam. (2015). Draft Tempatan Majelis Dearah Sabak Bernam 2025 (Indonesian). Majelis Dearah Sabak Bernam. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Perbandaran Hulu Selangor. (2021). Draft Tempatan Daerah Hulu Selangor 2035 (Indonesian). Majelis Perbandaran Hulu Selangor. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Perbandaran Klang. (2021). Klang Municipal Council Tempatan Draft (Indonesian). Majelis Perbandaran Klang. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Perbandaran Kuala Langat. (2022). Kuala Langat Local Plan 2030 (Pengubahan 2) (Indonesian). Majelis Perbandaran Kuala Langat. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Perbandaran Kuala Selangor. (2015). Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Majelis Kuala Selangor 2025 (Indonesian). Majelis Perbandaran Kuala Selangor Selangor. Selangor, Malaysia.
Majelis Perbandaran Sepang. (2017). Racangan Tempatan Assembly Perbandaran Sepang (Change 4) 2025 (Indonesian). Majelis Perbandaran Sepang. Selangor, Malaysia.
Mansury, Y. S., Tontisirin, N., & Anantsuksomsri, S. (2012). The impact of the built environment on the location choices of the creative class: Evidence from Thailand. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 4(3), 183–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-7802.2012.01068.x
Ministry of Transport Malaysia. (2019). National Transport Policy 2019-2030. Ministry of Transport Malaysia. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Nair, J. V. (2019). Making TOD implementable in Indian cities. From Theory to Practice. In: Proceedings of the 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress. https://doi.org/10.47472/pyow5006
Padeiro, M., Louro, A., & da Costa, N. M. (2019). Transit-oriented development and gentrification: a systematic review. Transport Reviews, 39(6), 733–754. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2019.1649316
Pan, H., Shen, Q., & Liu, C. (2011). Transit-Oriented Development at the Urban Periphery. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2245(1), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.3141/2245-12
Permana, C. T., Chrisnawati, Y., & Hasibuan, H. S. (2018). The institutionalisation process of Transit Oriented Development practices for peri-urban development in Indonesia: Actor network perspective. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 202, 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/202/1/012003
Rahmat, A., Endot, I. R., Ahmad, Z., et al. (2016). Development of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Model for Malaysia. Journal of Built Environment, Technology and Engineering, 1, 36-47.
Rchen, S., & Huston, S. (2012). Sustainable Urban Regeneration and the Tod Development Model: Lessons from Albion Mill in Brisbane. Pacific Rim Property Research Journal, 18(2), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2012.11104353
Renaissance Planning Group. (2014). Enhancing Collaboration for Successful Transit Oriented Development Implementation: Models from Nort America. Florida Department of Transportation: Florida, USA.
Rosalin, A., Kombaitan, B., Zulkaidi, D., et al. (2019). Towards Sustainable Transportation: Identification of Development Challenges of TOD area in Jakarta Metropolitan Area Urban Railway Projects. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 328(1), 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/328/1/012006
Selangor State Government. (2017). Rancangan Struktur Negeri Selangor 2035. Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Negeri Selangor. Selangor, Malaysia.
Spatial Planning Ministry of Republic Indonesia. (2017). Ministry Regulation of ATR/BPN Agency No. 16 of 2017 concerning Transit-Development Area Guidelines. Ministry of ATR/BPN Agency. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Staricco, L., & Vitale Brovarone, E. (2018). Promoting TOD through regional planning. A comparative analysis of two European approaches. Journal of Transport Geography, 66, 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.11.011
Streicher, B., Bielefeld, M., & Eller, E. (2023). The Risk Culture Framework: Introducing an Integrative Framework for Holistic Risk Analysis. SAGE Open, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231191789
Suryawan, I. W. K., Mulyana, R., Yenis Septiariva, I., et al. (2024). Smart urbanism, citizen-centric approaches and integrated environmental services in transit-oriented development in Jakarta, Indonesia. Research in Globalization, 8, 100181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2023.100181
Taki, H. M., Hassan Maatouk, M. M., & Lubis, M. Z. (2018). Spatial Model of TOD in JMR’s Master Plan. 2018 International Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE). https://doi.org/10.1109/incae.2018.8579408
Teklemariam, E. A., & Shen, Z. (2020). Determining transit nodes for potential transit-oriented development: Along the LRT corridor in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 9(3), 606–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2020.03.005
The Economic Planning Unit. (1980). The Fourth Malaysia Plan 1981-1985. Directorate General Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
The Economic Planning Unit. (2010a). Tenth Malaysia Plan. General Economic Planning Unit Prime Minister Department. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
The Economic Planning Unit. (2010b). The Malaysian Economy in Figure 2010. Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
The Economic Planning Unit. (2015). Eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016-2020. Directorate General Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
The Economic Planning Unit. (2021). Twelfth Malaysia Plan 2021-2025 A Prosperous, Inclusive, Sustainable Malaysia. General Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
Utami, P., Ratriningsih, D. (2019). Designing Intermodal Station to Support Prambanan BOKO Tourism Based on Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in DIY Entrance Area (Indonesian). Jurnal Tekono Sains Seri Arsitektur.
Yusoff, I., Ng, B. K., & Azizan, S. A. (2021). Towards sustainable transport policy framework: A rail-based transit system in Klang Valley, Malaysia. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0248519. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248519
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.6025
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hayati Sari Hasibuan, Raldi H. Koestoer, Chrisna T. Permana, Muhammad Hakim Danial, Marlyana Azyyati Marzukhi, Bellanti Nur Elizandri
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.