Rethinking Gen-Z mobility: A comparative study of travel behavior across developed and developing nations

Amiruddin Akbar Fisu, Ibnu Syabri, I. Gusti Ayu Andani, Windra Priatna Humang

Article ID: 5873
Vol 8, Issue 9, 2024

VIEWS - 5876 (Abstract)

Abstract


This paper critically reviews the prevailing generalizations in current research on Generation Z (Gen-Z) travel behavior. While various studies have characterized Gen-Z’s transportation preferences as leaning towards sustainable and technology-integrated modes of transport, this paper argues that the findings are largely based on observations from developed countries and may not accurately reflect behavior in developing countries. This paper is written using a narrative literature study approach. Through a comprehensive literature review, the paper highlights the differences in Gen-Z travel patterns across different geographical regions, emphasizing the need for context-specific analysis. The paper addresses often overlooked factors such as economic limitations, infrastructure challenges, and cultural nuances that shape mobility choices. The aim is to dissect the cohort effect and look at its validity across different socio-economic landscapes through existing literature. As such, the paper provides nuanced insights into the heterogeneity of Gen-Z travel behavior and suggests cautioning against over-generalization, as well as advocating for a more localized approach in transportation policy and planning. The paper also encourages similar research in developing countries to gain a more comprehensive understanding of Gen-Z travel behavior globally.


Keywords


travel behaviour; human mobility; cohort effect; Generation Z

Full Text:

PDF


References

  1. Acheampong, R. A., Siiba, A., Okyere, D. K., et al. (2020). Mobility-on-demand: An empirical study of internet-based ride-hailing adoption factors, travel characteristics and mode substitution effects. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 115, 102638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2020.102638
  2. Akgiş İlhan, Ö., Özoğul Balyali, T., & Günay, S. (2023). A Holistic View of the Tourist Experience of Generation Z. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 11(3), 341–370. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.1125474
  3. Akkuş, H. H., & Richardson, B. T. (2023). Bible Translations for Turkish-Speaking Muslims: Contemporary Considerations. The Bible Translator, 74(3), 431–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/20516770231219463
  4. Akram, U., Lavuri, R., & Mathur, S. (2024). Hey boomer, “your ride has arrived”: Are you willing to continue using the ride-hailing app? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 77, 103678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103678
  5. Amarasingha, N. (2021). Risk Factors of Crashes Involving Motorcycles in Sri Lanka. Journal of South Asian Logistics and Transport, 1(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4038/jsalt.v1i2.31
  6. Ameen, N., Hosany, S., & Taheri, B. (2023). Generation Z’s psychology and new‐age technologies: Implications for future research. Psychology & Marketing, 40(10), 2029–2040. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21868
  7. Ardhaneswari, S. P., & Agustapraja, H. R. (2023). Public Perception of Pedestrian Paths on Veteran Lamongan Road Section (Indonesian). Jurnal Talenta Sipil, 6(2), 346. https://doi.org/10.33087/talentasipil.v6i2.340
  8. Asensio, J., Gomez-Lobo, A., & Matas, A. (2013). How Effective are Policies to Reduce Gasoline Consumption? Evaluating a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Spain. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2341616
  9. Asgari, H., Gupta, R., Azimi, G., et al. (2021). Heterogeneity in Generational Effects: Case Study of Ride-hailing Behavior Among Millennials. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2676(3), 772–785. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981211057530
  10. Asthu, A. A., & Putra, W. K. (2021). Demographical Analysis and Cultural Characteristic to Attract Japanese Tourists to Indonesia. Binus Business Review, 12(3), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v12i3.6789
  11. Azimi, G., & Jin, X. (2022). Propensity toward Ridesourcing: The Impacts of Previous Experience and Mode Dependency. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems, 148(4). https://doi.org/10.1061/jtepbs.0000647
  12. Baethge, C., Goldbeck-Wood, S., & Mertens, S. (2019). SANRA—a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-019-0064-8
  13. Bayart, C., Havet, N., Bonnel, P., et al. (2020). Young people and the private car: A love-hate relationship. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 80, 102235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102235
  14. Bekka, A., Louvet, N., & Adoue, F. (2020). Impact of a ridesourcing service on car ownership and resulting effects on vehicle kilometers travelled in the Paris Region. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 8(3), 1010–1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2020.04.005
  15. Belgiawan, P. F., Joewono, T. B., & Irawan, M. Z. (2022). Determinant factors of ride-sourcing usage: A case study of ride-sourcing in Bandung, Indonesia. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 10(2), 831–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.02.010
  16. Bombak, A. E., & Hanson, H. M. (2016). Qualitative Insights from the Osteoporosis Research: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Journal of Osteoporosis, 2016, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7915041
  17. Brown, A., Blumenberg, E., Taylor, B., et al. (2016). A Taste for Transit? Analyzing Public Transit Use Trends among Youth. Journal of Public Transportation, 19(1), 49–67. https://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.19.1.4
  18. Buehler, R., & Nobis, C. (2010). Travel Behavior in Aging Societies. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2182(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.3141/2182-09
  19. Bulin, D., Gheorghe, G., Kanovici, A. L., et al. (2024). Youth Perspectives on Collaborative Consumption: A Study on the Attitudes and Behaviors of the Romanian Generation Z. Sustainability, 16(7), 3028. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16073028
  20. Burghard, U., & Scherrer, A. (2022). Sharing vehicles or sharing rides - Psychological factors influencing the acceptance of carsharing and ridepooling in Germany. Energy Policy, 164, 112874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112874
  21. Burhan, H., Soehodho, S., & Nahry, N. (2021). Model development of ride splitting service with resource sharing scheme on ride sourcing (online taxi) services in jakarta. IIUM Engineering Journal, 22(1), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v22i1.1520
  22. Çalişkan, C. (2021). Sustainable tourism: Gen Z? Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 6(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2021-6-2-107
  23. Carlson, J. A., Saelens, B. E., Kerr, J., et al. (2015). Association between neighborhood walkability and GPS-measured walking, bicycling and vehicle time in adolescents. Health & Place, 32, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.12.008
  24. Çelik, A. K., Kabakuş, N., & Tortum, A. (2023). Influential Factors of Household Car and Vehicle Ownership in Urban Areas of Turkey. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2677(6), 218–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221145138
  25. Chalermpong, S., Kato, H., Thaithatkul, P., et al. (2022). Ride-hailing applications in Southeast Asia: A literature review. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 17(3), 298–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2022.2032885
  26. Chan, C. K. Y., & Lee, K. K. W. (2023). The AI generation gap: Are Gen Z students more interested in adopting generative AI such as ChatGPT in teaching and learning than their Gen X and millennial generation teachers? Smart Learning Environments, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00269-3
  27. Chan, E. T. H., & Li, T. E. (2022). The effects of neighbourhood attachment and built environment on walking and life satisfaction: A case study of Shenzhen. Cities, 130, 103940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103940
  28. Cheng, A. S. K., Liu, K. P. Y., & Tulliani, N. (2015). Relationship between Driving-Violation Behaviours and Risk Perception in Motorcycle Accidents. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 25(1), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2015.06.001
  29. Chopdar, P. K., Lytras, M. D., & Visvizi, A. (2022). Exploring factors influencing bicycle-sharing adoption in India: a UTAUT 2 based mixed-method approach. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(11), 5109–5134. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-06-2021-0862
  30. Clark, B., Chatterjee, K., Martin, A., et al. (2019). How commuting affects subjective wellbeing. Transportation, 47(6), 2777–2805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-019-09983-9
  31. Csobanka, Z. E. (2016). The Z Generation. Acta Technologica Dubnicae, 6(2), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1515/atd-2016-0012
  32. Cummins, M. R., Soni, H., Ivanova, J., et al. (2024). Narrative review of telemedicine applications in decentralized research. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.3
  33. da Rocha Alves, L., da Costa Brasileiro Meneses, T., Florêncio, D. N. P., et al. (2020). Evaluation of the impact of vehicle traffic noise in communities: Comparative study on three highways in Brazilian northeastern. Available online: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101412389&partnerID=40&md5=7a5f5c61eb8bc254511521822b10081a (accessed on 16 January 2024).
  34. Davis, B., Dutzik, T., Group, F., et al. (2012). Transportation and the New Generation Why Young People Are Driving Less and What It Means for Transportation Policy. Available online: https://trid.trb.org/view/1141470 (accessed on 16 February 2024).
  35. Deka, D., & Fei, D. (2019). A comparison of the personal and neighborhood characteristics associated with ridesourcing, transit use, and driving with NHTS data. Journal of Transport Geography, 76, 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.03.001
  36. Devin, D., Pranata, G., & Susanto, J. (2021). Analysis of the effectiveness of special bicycle lanes in the tomang—cideng timur area (Indonesian). Jmts: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil, 4(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v0i0.10507
  37. Dewi, N. I. K., Gede, I. G. K., Kencanawati, A. A. A. M., et al. (2021). Social Media Usage by Generation Z in Pre-trip Planning. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science (ICAST-SS 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210424.036
  38. Dharmowijoyo, D. B. E., Susilo, Y. O., Tarigan, A. K. M., et al. (2021). Multitasking behaviour and daily subjective well-being—Google Cendekia. Available online: https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Multitasking+behaviour+and+daily+subjective+well-being&btnG= (accessed on 16 January 2024).
  39. Duffy, B. (2021). The Generation Myth: Why when You’re Born Matters Less Than You Think. Available online: https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=R60bEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT7&dq=The+Generation+Myth&ots=_KBLSwGruw&sig=NygNJsGGcoFHlqEqhFWw_s8SM5I&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=The%20Generation%20Myth&f=false (accessed on 16 January 2024).
  40. Dunham, M., Ingleton, C., Ryan, T., et al. (2013). A narrative literature review of older people’s cancer pain experience. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(15–16), 2100–2113. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12106
  41. Dwi Atmaja, B. S., & Alvin, S. (2023). Phubbing By Gen-Z And Gen-Y: Exploring Smartphone Usage and Its Implications on Interpersonal Communication in The Workplace. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 4(8), 908–918. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v4i8.66
  42. Elmore, T. (2014). How Generation Z Differs from Generation Y. Idisciple. Available online: https://www.idisciple.org/post/how-generation-z-differs-from-generation-y (accessed on 8 January 2024).
  43. Fisu, A. A., Syabri, I., & Andani, I. G. A. (2024). How do young people move around in urban spaces: Exploring trip patterns of generation-Z in urban areas by examining travel histories on Google Maps Timeline. Travel Behaviour and Society, 34, 100686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100686
  44. Fraser, A., Tan, S., Lagarde, M., et al. (2016). Narratives of Promise, Narratives of Caution: A Review of the Literature on Social Impact Bonds. Social Policy & Administration, 52(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12260
  45. Gazzola, P., Pavione, E., Pezzetti, R., et al. (2020). Trends in the Fashion Industry. The Perception of Sustainability and Circular Economy: A Gender/Generation Quantitative Approach. Sustainability, 12(7), 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072809
  46. Gershon, P., Ehsani, J. P., Zhu, C., et al. (2017). Vehicle Accessibility: Association with Novice Teen Driving Conditions. Proceedings of the 9th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design: Driving Assessment 2017. https://doi.org/10.17077/drivingassessment.1650
  47. Goel, P., & Haldar, P. (2020). Shared ride-hailing service in India: an analysis of consumers’ intention to adopt. International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets, 12(3), 336. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbem.2020.109598
  48. Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., & Adams, A. (2006). Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60142-6
  49. Grimsrud, M., & El-Geneidy, A. (2013). Transit to eternal youth: lifecycle and generational trends in Greater Montreal public transport mode share. Transportation, 41(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-013-9454-9
  50. Grzesiuk, K., Jegorow, D., Wawer, M., et al. (2023). Energy-Efficient City Transportation Solutions in the Context of Energy-Conserving and Mobility Behaviours of Generation Z. Energies, 16(15), 5846. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155846
  51. Harmon, J., Lee, J. E., & Jestratijevic, I. M. (2022). Relationship of Social Media, Social Influences & Eco-Friendly Behaviors for Gen Y vs. Z. Breaking Boundaries. https://doi.org/10.31274/itaa.13833
  52. Healey, M., & Healey, R. (2023). Reviewing the Literature on Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL): An Academic Literacies Perspective. Teaching and Learning Inquiry, 11. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.11.5
  53. Hettithanthri, U., & Hansen, P. (2021). Design studio practice in the context of architectural education: a narrative literature review. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 32(4), 2343–2364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-021-09694-2
  54. Jamal, S., & Newbold, K. B. (2020). Factors Associated with Travel Behavior of Millennials and Older Adults: A Scoping Review. Sustainability, 12(19), 8236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198236
  55. Jayaraman, K. (2011). Robust models for the utilization of public bus transport services in Malaysia. African Journal of Business Management, 5(26). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.510
  56. Jones, A., Steinbach, R., Roberts, H., et al. (2012). Rethinking passive transport: Bus fare exemptions and young people’s wellbeing. Health & Place, 18(3), 605–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.01.003
  57. Juntunen, M., & Lehenkari, M. (2019). A narrative literature review process for an academic business research thesis. Studies in Higher Education, 46(2), 330–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1630813
  58. Kamargianni, M., & Polydoropoulou, A. (2013). Hybrid Choice Model to Investigate Effects of Teenagers’ Attitudes toward Walking and Cycling on Mode Choice Behavior. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2382(1), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.3141/2382-17
  59. Kaplan, S., Nielsen, T. A. S., & Prato, C. G. (2016). Walking, cycling and the urban form: A Heckman selection model of active travel mode and distance by young adolescents. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 44, 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.02.011
  60. Kartschmit, N., Sutcliffe, R., Sheldon, M. P., et al. (2020). Walkability and its association with walking/cycling and body mass index among adults in different regions of Germany: a cross-sectional analysis of pooled data from five German cohorts. BMJ Open, 10(4), e033941. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033941
  61. Keseru, I., & Macharis, C. (2017). Travel-based multitasking: review of the empirical evidence. Transport Reviews, 38(2), 162–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1317048
  62. Keseru, I., Heyndels, E., Dat Ton, T., et al. (2020). Multitasking on the go: An observation study on local public transport in Brussels. Travel Behaviour and Society, 18, 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2019.10.003
  63. Kleszczewska, D., Mazur, J., Bucksch, J., et al. (2020). Active Transport to School May Reduce Psychosomatic Symptoms in School-Aged Children: Data from Nine Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238709
  64. Kolleck, A. (2021). Does Car-Sharing Reduce Car Ownership? Empirical Evidence from Germany. Sustainability, 13(13), 7384. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137384
  65. Kumagai, J., & Managi, S. (2019). Environmental behaviour and choice of sustainable travel mode in urban areas: comparative evidence from commuters in Asian cities. Production Planning & Control, 31(11–12), 920–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2019.1695912
  66. Kumar, A., Gupta, A., Parida, M., et al. (2022). Service quality assessment of ride-sourcing services: A distinction between ride-hailing and ride-sharing services. Transport Policy, 127, 61–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.08.013
  67. Kurata, Y. B., Ong, A. K. S., Cunanan, A. L. M., et al. (2023). Perceived Behavior Analysis to Boost Physical Fitness and Lifestyle Wellness for Sustainability among Gen Z Filipinos. Sustainability, 15(18), 13546. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813546
  68. Lacotte, Y., Årdal, C., & Ploy, M. C. (2020). Infection prevention and control research priorities: what do we need to combat healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance? Results of a narrative literature review and survey analysis. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00801-x
  69. Larsson, A., & Broström, E. (2019). Ensuring customer retention: insurers’ perception of customer loyalty. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 38(2), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/mip-02-2019-0106
  70. Le Vine, S., & Polak, J. (2019). The impact of free-floating carsharing on car ownership: Early-stage findings from London. Transport Policy, 75, 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.02.004
  71. Lemoine, P. D., Sarmiento, O. L., Pinzón, J. D., et al. (2016). TransMilenio, a Scalable Bus Rapid Transit System for Promoting Physical Activity. Journal of Urban Health, 93(2), 256–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-0019-4
  72. Lima, J. de S., Ferrari, G. L. de M., Ferrari, T. K., et al. (2017). Changes in commuting to work and physical activity in the population of three municipalities in the São Paulo region in 2000 and 2010 (Portuguese). Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 20(2), 274–285. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201700020008
  73. Liu, J., Wang, C., Zhang, T., et al. (2022). Delineating the Effects of Social Media Marketing Activities on Generation Z Travel Behaviors. Journal of Travel Research, 62(5), 1140–1158. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221106394
  74. Mahmudah, A., Legowo, S., Sumarsono, A., et al. (2018). Is the Indonesian regulation of standard level of service of a pedestrian path fulfill pedestrians’ convenience. MATEC Web of Conferences, 147, 02003. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814702003
  75. Mansoor, U., Kashifi, M. T., Safi, F. R., et al. (2021). A review of factors and benefits of non-motorized transport: a way forward for developing countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24(2), 1560–1582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01531-9
  76. Mason, W. M., & Fienberg, S. E. (1985). Cohort Analysis in Social Research. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8536-3
  77. McPherson, G. S., Fairbairn-Dunlop, P., & Payne, D. (2019). Overcoming Barriers to Cervical Screening Among Pacific Women: A Narrative Review. Health Equity, 3(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2018.0076
  78. Mengistu, B. S., & Manolova, G. (2019). Acculturation and mental health among adult forced migrants: a meta-narrative systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-1103-8
  79. Moise, M. S., Gil-Saura, I., & Ruiz-Molina, M.-E. (2020). Implications of Value Co-Creation in Green Hotels: The Moderating Effect of Trip Purpose and Generational Cohort. Sustainability, 12(23), 9866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239866
  80. Motealleh, P., Moyle, W., Jones, C., et al. (2019). Creating a dementia-friendly environment through the use of outdoor natural landscape design intervention in long-term care facilities: A narrative review. Health & Place, 58, 102148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102148
  81. Naci Çoklar, A., & Tatli, A. (2021). Examining the Digital Nativity Levels of Digital Generations: From Generation X to Generation Z. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9(4), 433–434. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i4.4224
  82. Nowacki, M., Kowalczyk-Anioł, J., & Chawla, Y. (2023). Gen Z’s Attitude towards Green Image Destinations, Green Tourism and Behavioural Intention Regarding Green Holiday Destination Choice: A Study in Poland and India. Sustainability, 15(10), 7860. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107860
  83. Ogryzek, M., Adamska-Kmieć, D., & Klimach, A. (2020). Sustainable Transport: An Efficient Transportation Network—Case Study. Sustainability, 12(19), 8274. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198274
  84. Olayode, I. O., Severino, A., Justice Alex, F., et al. (2023). Systematic review on the evaluation of the effects of ride-hailing services on public road transportation. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, 22, 100943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100943
  85. Oliveira, F., Costa, D. G., Duran-Faundez, C., et al. (2020). BikeWay: A Multi-Sensory Fuzzy-Based Quality Metric for Bike Paths and Tracks in Urban Areas. IEEE Access, 8, 227313–227326. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3046017
  86. Olsson, L. E., Friman, M., Lättman, K., et al. (2020). Travel and life satisfaction—From Gen Z to the silent generation. Journal of Transport & Health, 18, 100894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100894
  87. Oviedo-García, M. Á. (2016). Ex ante evaluation of interdisciplinary research projects: A literature review. Social Science Information, 55(4), 568–588. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018416658147
  88. Parzonko, A. J., Balińska, A., & Sieczko, A. (2021). Pro-Environmental Behaviors of Generation Z in the Context of the Concept of Homo Socio-Oeconomicus. Energies, 14(6), 1597. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061597
  89. Pilcher, J. (1994). Mannheim’s Sociology of Generations: An Undervalued Legacy. The British Journal of Sociology, 45(3), 481. https://doi.org/10.2307/591659
  90. Prayag, G., Aquino, R. S., Hall, C. M., et al. (2022). Is Gen Z really that different? Environmental attitudes, travel behaviours and sustainability practices of international tourists to Canterbury, New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2131795
  91. Pricope Vancia, A. P., Băltescu, C. A., Brătucu, G., et al. (2023). Examining the Disruptive Potential of Generation Z Tourists on the Travel Industry in the Digital Age. Sustainability, 15(11), 8756. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118756
  92. Prieto-Curiel, R., & Ospina, J. P. (2024). The ABC of mobility. Environment International, 185, 108541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108541
  93. Purohit, S., Kaur, J., & Chaturvedi, S. (2022). Mobile payment adoption among youth: generation z and developing country perspective. Journal of content community and communication, 8, 194–209. Https://doi.org/10.31620/jccc.06.22/14
  94. Rayle, L., Dai, D., Chan, N., et al. (2016). Just a better taxi? A survey-based comparison of taxis, transit, and ridesourcing services in San Francisco. Transport Policy, 45, 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2015.10.004
  95. Ribeiro, M. A., Seyfi, S., Elhoushy, S., et al. (2023). Determinants of generation Z pro-environmental travel behaviour: the moderating role of green consumption values. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2230389
  96. Rivanka, A., M Rahmadi, G., Oksarianti, Y., et al. (2022). Smart alert. Aritmetika, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.54482/aritmetika.v1i01.69
  97. Rizki, M., Joewono, T. B., Dharmowijoyo, D. B. E., et al. (2021). Does multitasking improve the travel experience of public transport users? Investigating the activities during commuter travels in the Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia. Public Transport, 13(2), 429–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12469-021-00263-3
  98. Rusman, A. A., Aflah, L. N., & Kusuma, A. A. (2022). Description of injury to the victim of motorcycle traffic accident. ACTA Medical Health Sciences, 1(2), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.35990/amhs.v1n2.p97-104
  99. Sadeghi-Bazargani, H., Abedi, L., Mahini, M., et al. (2015). Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, risky behaviors, and motorcycle injuries: a case-control study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2049. https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s87614
  100. Salvo, D., Sarmiento, O. L., Reis, R. S., et al. (2017). Where Latin Americans are physically active, and why does it matter? Findings from the IPEN-adult study in Bogota, Colombia; Cuernavaca, Mexico; and Curitiba, Brazil. Preventive Medicine, 103, S27–S33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.007
  101. Schwartz, S. H. (2013). Rethinking the Concept and Measurement of Societal Culture in Light of Empirical Findings. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113490830
  102. Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2018). Generation Z. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429442476
  103. Seyfi, S., Sharifi-Tehrani, M., Hall, C. M., et al. (2023). Exploring the drivers of Gen Z tourists’ buycott behaviour: a lifestyle politics perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2166517
  104. Shaw, F. A., Malokin, A., Mokhtarian, P. L., et al. (2019). It’s not all fun and games: An investigation of the reported benefits and disadvantages of conducting activities while commuting. Travel Behaviour and Society, 17, 8–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2019.05.008
  105. Shin, J., & Tilahun, N. (2022). The role of residential choice on the travel behavior of young adults. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 158, 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.11.016
  106. Sikder, S. (2019). Who Uses Ride-Hailing Services in the United States? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2673(12), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119859302
  107. Silveira, P., Morais, R., & Petrella, S. (2022). A Communication Study of Young Adults and Online Dependency during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Societies, 12(4), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12040109
  108. Sim, H. S., Choong, W. W., Wee, S. C., et al. (2022). Preferred Neighborhood Projects Among Millennials: Yes, In My Backyard. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 9(2), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2.943
  109. Simons-Morton, B. G., Ouimet, M. C., Chen, R., et al. (2012). Peer influence predicts speeding prevalence among teenage drivers. Journal of Safety Research, 43(5–6), 397–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2012.10.002
  110. Singh, S., Hoch, J. S., Hearps, S., et al. (2023). Sports-related traumatic brain injuries and acute care costs in children. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 7(1), e001723. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001723
  111. Siqueira, E. H., Larranaga, A. M., Batista, B. B., et al. (2023). Factors that influence the use of ride-sourcing services: A São Paulo City case study. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1), 100560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100560
  112. Song, Y., Qin, Z., & Qin, Z. (2020). Green Marketing to Gen Z Consumers in China: Examining the Mediating Factors of an Eco-Label–Informed Purchase. SAGE Open, 10(4), 215824402096357. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020963573
  113. Stankov, I., Garcia, L. M. T., Mascolli, M. A., et al. (2020). A systematic review of empirical and simulation studies evaluating the health impact of transportation interventions. Environmental Research, 186, 109519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109519
  114. Stanković, J., Alčaković, S., & Obradović, M. (2018). Importance of Cultural Heritage and Tourism Experience of Generation Z in Serbia. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific Conference - SITCON 2018. https://doi.org/10.15308/sitcon-2018-62-68
  115. Štraub, D. (2020). The Effects of Fare-Free Public Transport: A Lesson from Frýdek-Místek (Czechia). Sustainability, 12(21), 9111. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219111
  116. Streb, A. R., Matias, T. S., Leonel, L. dos S., et al. (2019). Association between physical inactivity in leisure, work, commuting, and household domains and nutritional status in adults in the capital cities of Brazil. Revista de Nutrição, 32. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e180276
  117. Stylos, N., Rahimi, R., Okumus, B., et al. (2021). Generation Z Marketing and Management in Tourism and Hospitality. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70695-1
  118. Su, Tsai, Chen, & Lv. (2019). U.S. Sustainable Food Market Generation Z Consumer Segments. Sustainability, 11(13), 3607. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133607
  119. Taima, M., & Asami, Y. (2020). Determinants and policies of native metropolitan young workers’ migration toward non-metropolitan areas in Japan. Cities, 102, 102733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102733
  120. Takahashi, K. (2021). An empirical study of outbound tourism in Japan during the international tourism transformation period. Journal of Global Tourism Research, 6(2), 157-162.
  121. Tallar, R. Y., Tanuwidjaja, G., Widjaya, J. M., et al. (2023). Accessible pedestrian paths for educational setting design evaluation: Case study in Surabaya and Bandung City, Indonesia and Brisbane City, Australia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1195(1), 012055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1195/1/012055
  122. Tarnovetckaia, R., & Mostofi, H. (2022). Impact of Car-Sharing and Ridesourcing on Public Transport Use: Attitudes, Preferences, and Future Intentions Regarding Sustainable Urban Mobility in the Post-Soviet City. Urban Science, 6(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6020033
  123. Thangavel, P., Pathak, P., & Chandra, B. (2019). Consumer Decision-making Style of Gen Z: A Generational Cohort Analysis. Global Business Review, 23(3), 710–728. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919880128
  124. Tian, M., Cànoves, G., Chu, Y., et al. (2021). Influence of Cultural Background on Visitor Segments’ Tourist Destination Image: A Case Study of Barcelona and Chinese Tourists. Land, 10(6), 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060626
  125. Totsune, T., Matsudaira, I., & Taki, Y. (2021). Curiosity–tourism interaction promotes subjective wellbeing among older adults in Japan. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00748-3
  126. Trung Bui, H., Saadi, I., & Cools, M. (2020). Investigating on-road crash risk and traffic offences in Vietnam using the motorcycle rider behaviour questionnaire (MRBQ). Safety Science, 130, 104868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104868
  127. Truong, L. T., Tay, R., & Nguyen, H. T. T. (2020). Relationships between Body Mass Index and Self-Reported Motorcycle Crashes in Vietnam. Sustainability, 12(4), 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041382
  128. Velagapudi, S. P., & Ray, G. G. (2017). Development of a Seating Comfort Questionnaire for Motorcycles. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 59(8), 1249–1262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817735929
  129. Vickery, J. R. (2022). Cheugy Millennials vs. Gen Z Drip Checks: Unpacking TikTok’s Generational Wars. Uniwersytet Śląski, 343-354.
  130. Wadud, Z. (2020). The effects of e-ridehailing on motorcycle ownership in an emerging-country megacity. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 137, 301–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.05.002
  131. Wawer, M., Grzesiuk, K., & Jegorow, D. (2022). Smart Mobility in a Smart City in the Context of Generation Z Sustainability, Use of ICT, and Participation. Energies, 15(13), 4651. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134651
  132. Weber, J. (2024). Assessing the value orientation preferences and the importance given to principled moral reasoning of Generation Zs: A cross‐generational comparison. Business and Society Review, 129(1), 26–49. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/basr.12348
  133. Weiss, H., Agimi, Y., & Steiner, C. (2010). Youth Motorcycle-Related Brain Injury by State Helmet Law Type: United States, 2005–2007. Pediatrics, 126(6), 1149–1155. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-0902
  134. Więckowski, M., & Timothy, D. J. (2021). Tourism and an evolving international boundary: Bordering, debordering and rebordering on Usedom Island, Poland-Germany. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 22, 100647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100647
  135. Windasari, N. A., Kusumawati, N., Larasati, N., et al. (2022). Digital-only banking experience: Insights from gen Y and gen Z. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(2), 100170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100170
  136. Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2017). Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456x17723971
  137. Yang, Y., & Land, K. C. (2016). Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1201/b13902
  138. Yarnykh, V. (2023). Environmental Journalism: Education on the Global South. Journalism - The Ethical Dilemma. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109187
  139. Yunitasari, E., & Parahiyanti, C. R. (2022). Investigating the Effect of Consumer Ethnocentrism, Cosmopolitanism, and Relative Product Quality to Brand Preferences: An Insight from Generation Z in Indonesia. Binus Business Review, 13(3), 259–272. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v13i3.8341
  140. Zannat, K. E., Ashraful Islam, K. M., Sunny, D. S., et al. (2021). Nonmotorized Commuting Behavior of Middle-Income Working Adults in a Developing Country. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 147(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000681
  141. Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M., & Blau, M. (2016). Cross-generational analysis of predictive factors of addictive behavior in smartphone usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 682–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.07.061


DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.5873

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Amiruddin Akbar Fisu, Ibnu Syabri, I. Gusti Ayu Andani, Windra Priatna Humang

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.