Islamic banking is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the financial industry. Several works have been written in this field, but none attempt to learn the entire Islamic banking and financial system. Furthermore, the study could not locate any publications investigating the conceptual and intellectual foundations of this emerging field of inquiry. The current study uses bibliometric methodologies to assess the current state of Islamic banking, financial research, and the upcoming trends. For the people who choose interest-free investments, the current research examines a conceptual research context on Islamic banking and finance at various planning and decision-making stages. One thousand research studies appearing in scholarly journals between 2005 and 2023 were reviewed for the purpose. In order to examine the works on Islamic banking and finance, bibliometric techniques were used, including analysis of citation network, content, co-citation, keyword, and publishing trends. By suggesting thirteen clusters, to enhance research on Islamic banking and finance to help interest-free investors learn more, the goal of the research is to promote the body of knowledge. The field of Islamic banking and finance has grown from a young lot to a prominent teaching and research tool. Investigating and identifying current research trends in this area is crucial. As institutions and society are placing more emphasis on Islamic banking to raise individual citizens’ responsibilities in developing interest-free investing strategies, the findings are crucial to the community of interest-free financiers. Further research urges with the studies not restricted to a thousand researches only.

Abdul-Majid, M., Saal, D. S., & Battisti, G. (2009). Efficiency in Islamic and conventional banking: an international comparison. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 34(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-009-0165-3

Abdul-Majid, M., Saal, D. S., & Battisti, G. (2011). Efficiency and total factor productivity change of Malaysian commercial banks. The Service Industries Journal, 31(13), 2117–2143. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2010.503882

Abedifar, P., Molyneux, P., & Tarazi, A. (2013). Risk in Islamic banking. Review of finance, 17(6), 2035-2096.

Aderemi, A. M. R., & Ishak, M. S. I. (2023). Qard Hasan as a feasible Islamic financial instrument for crowdfunding: its potential and possible application for financing micro-enterprises in Malaysia. Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 15(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-08-2021-0145

Ahmad, H. M. (2024). World’s Best Islamic Banks in 2024. The Halal Times. Available online: https://www.halaltimes.com/worlds-best-islamic-banks-in-2024/ (accessed on 1 April 2024).

Ahmed, S., Alshater, M. M., Ammari, A. E., et al. (2022). Artificial intelligence and machine learning in finance: A bibliometric review. Research in International Business and Finance, 61, 101646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2022.101646

Ajmi, A. N., Hammoudeh, S., Nguyen, D. K., & Sarafrazi, S. (2014). How strong are the causal relationships between Islamic stock markets and conventional financial systems? Evidence from linear and nonlinear tests. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 28, 213-227.

Al-Khazali, O., & Mirzaei, A. (2017). Stock market anomalies, market efficiency and the adaptive market hypothesis: Evidence from Islamic stock indices. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 51, 190–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2017.10.001

Alqahtani, F., Mayes, D. G., & Brown, K. (2017). Islamic bank efficiency compared to conventional banks during the global crisis in the GCC region. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 51, 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2017.08.010

Ashraf, D., Rizwan, M. S., & Azmat, S. (2021). Not one but three decisions in sukuk issuance: Understanding the role of ownership and governance. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 69, 101423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2020.101423

Atal, N. U., Iranmanesh, M., Hashim, F., et al. (2022). Drivers of intention to use Murabaha financing: religiosity as moderator. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(3), 740–762. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-07-2019-0147

Azmat, S., Azad, A. S. M. S., Bhatti, M. I., et al. (2020). Islamic Banking, Costly Religiosity, And Competition. Journal of Financial Research, 43(2), 263–303. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfir.12207

Baele, L., Farooq, M., & Ongena, S. (2014). Of religion and redemption: Evidence from default on Islamic loans. Journal of Banking & Finance, 44, 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.03.005

Banna, H., Hassan, M. K., Ahmad, R., et al. (2022). Islamic banking stability amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of digital financial inclusion. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15(2), 310–330. https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-08-2020-0389

Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(2), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016

Belkhaoui, S. (2023). Banking system and economic growth linkages in MENA region: complementarity and substitutability between Islamic and conventional banking. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(2), 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-03-2021-0091

Belyadi, H., & Haghighat, A. (2021). Unsupervised machine learning: clustering algorithms. Machine Learning Guide for Oil and Gas Using Python, 125–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821929-4.00002-0

Ben Amar, A., & O. El Alaoui, A. (2023). Profit- and loss-sharing partnership: the case of the two-tier mudharaba in Islamic banking. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-12-2020-0630

Ben Naceur, S., Barajas, A., & Massara, A. (2015). Can Islamic Banking Increase Financial Inclusion? IMF Working Papers, 15(31), 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498370813.001

Blanco-Mesa, F., Merigó, J. M., & Gil-Lafuente, A. M. (2017). Fuzzy decision making: A bibliometric-based review. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 32(3), 2033–2050. https://doi.org/10.3233/jifs-161640

Boubaker, S., Uddin, M. H., Kabir, S. H., et al. (2022). Does cost-inefficiency in Islamic banking matter for earnings uncertainty? Review of Accounting and Finance, 22(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/raf-07-2022-0193

Chen, C. (2005). CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(3), 359–377. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20317

Chen, C. (2014). The Citespace Manual. College of Computing and Informatics, 1(1), 1-84.

Chen, C., Zhuang, Y., & Xiao, J. (2010). Silhouette representation and matching for 3D pose discrimination – A comparative study. Image and Vision Computing, 28(4), 654–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2009.10.008

Chong, B. S., & Liu, M.-H. (2009). Islamic banking: Interest-free or interest-based? Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 17(1), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2007.12.003

Cihák, M., & Hesse, H. (2008). Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis. IMF Working Papers, 08(16), 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451868784.001

Čihák, M., & Hesse, H. (2010). Islamic Banks and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Financial Services Research, 38(2–3), 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10693-010-0089-0

Comerio, N., & Strozzi, F. (2018). Tourism and its economic impact: A literature review using bibliometric tools. Tourism Economics, 25(1), 109–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618793762

Dewandaru, G., Rizvi, S. A. R., Masih, R., et al. (2014). Stock market co-movements: Islamic versus conventional equity indices with multi-timescales analysis. Economic Systems, 38(4), 553–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2014.05.003

EI Qorchi, M. (2005). Islamic finance gears up. International Monetary Fund. pp. 46-49.

Ergeç, E. H., & Arslan, B. G. (2013). Impact of interest rates on Islamic and conventional banks: the case of Turkey. Applied Economics, 45(17), 2381–2388. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2012.665598

Fakhfekh, M., Hachicha, N., Jawadi, F., et al. (2016). Measuring volatility persistence for conventional and Islamic banks: An FI-EGARCH approach. Emerging Markets Review, 27, 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2016.03.004

Farooq, M., & Zaheer, S. (2015). Are Islamic Banks More Resilient During Financial Panics? Pacific Economic Review, 20(1), 101–124. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12096

Gassouma, M. S., Benhamed, A., & El Montasser, G. (2023). Investigating similarities between Islamic and conventional banks in GCC countries: a dynamic time warping approach. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(1), 103–129. https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-11-2020-0565

Ghaffour, A. R. (2024). Keynote address-Third Fitch Ratings Islamic Finance Symposium 2024. Organised by Fitch Ratings, Kuala Lumpur. Available online: https://www.bis.org/review/r240306d.htm (accessed on 1 April 2024).

Gheeraert, L. (2014). Does Islamic finance spur banking sector development? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 103, S4–S20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.02.013

Godlewski, C. J., Turk-Ariss, R., & Weill, L. (2013). Sukuk vs. conventional bonds: A stock market perspective. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(3), 745-761.

Haddou, S., & Mkhinini, S. (2022). Investigating the linkage between Shariah board size, liquidity risk and bank stability through an asymmetric lens. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(4), 652–674. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-03-2022-0074

Hambali, A., & Adhariani, D. (2022). Sustainability performance at stake during COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from Sharia-compliant companies in emerging markets. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 14(1), 80–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-01-2022-0014

Hamidi, M. L., & Worthington, A. C. (2023). Beyond the triple bottom line: Prosperity, People, Planet, and Prophet in Islamic banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(2), 394–409. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-02-2021-0036

Hanic, A., & Smolo, E. (2023). Islamic approach to corporate social responsibility: an international model for Islamic banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(1), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-07-2021-0284

Haniffa, R., & Hudaib, M. (2007). Exploring the ethical identity of Islamic banks via communication in annual reports. Journal of business Ethics, 76, 97-116.

Hassan, M. K., & Aliyu, S. (2018). A contemporary survey of islamic banking literature. Journal of Financial Stability, 34, 12–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2017.11.006

Hayat, R., & Kraeussl, R. (2011). Risk and return characteristics of Islamic equity funds. Emerging markets review, 12(2), 189-203.

Haziaton, M., Noor, M., Bakri, M., et al. (2020). The Determinants of The Bank Regulation and Supervision on The Efficiency of Islamic Banks in Different Country's Income Level*. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 721-730. https://10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.721

Hoque, M. E., Nik Hashim, N. M. H., & Azmi, M. H. B. (2018). Moderating effects of marketing communication and financial consideration on customer attitude and intention to purchase Islamic banking products. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(4), 799–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-01-2017-0005

Ho, C. S. F., Abd Rahman, N. A., Yusuf, N. H. M., & Zamzamin, Z. (2014). Performance of global Islamic versus conventional share indices: International evidence. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 28, 110-121.

Hoepner, A. G., Rammal, H. G., & Rezec, M. (2011). Islamic mutual funds’ financial performance and international investment style: evidence from 20 countries. The European Journal of Finance, 17(9-10), 829-850.

Jatmiko, W., Ebrahim, M. S., Iqbal, A., et al. (2023). Can trade credit rejuvenate Islamic banking? Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 60(1), 111–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-022-01092-6

Johnes, J., Izzeldin, M., & Pappas, V. (2014). A comparison of performance of Islamic and conventional banks 2004–2009. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 103, S93-S107.

Khan, F. (2010). How ‘islamic’is islamic banking? Journal of economic behavior & organization, 76(3), 805-820.

Li, K., Rollins, J., & Yan, E. (2017). Web of Science use in published research and review papers 1997–2017: a selective, dynamic, cross-domain, content-based analysis. Scientometrics, 115(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2622-5

Liu, W. (2019). The data source of this study is Web of Science Core Collection? Not enough. Scientometrics, 121(3), 1815–1824. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-019-03238-1

Malik, Bilal A. & Khaki, G. N. (2015). Scope and Feasibility of Islamic Banking And Finance Model Kazakhstan & Indian Perspective. Journal of Central Asian Studies, XXII, 83-98.

Maali, B., Casson, P., & Napier, C. (2006). Social reporting by Islamic banks. Abacus, 42(2), 266-289.

Merchant, H., & Gaur, A. (2008). Opening the ‘Non-Manufacturing’ envelope: The next big enterprise for international business research. Management International Review, 48(4), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-008-0022-z

Mindra, R., Bananuka, J., Kaawaase, T., et al. (2022). Attitude and Islamic banking adoption: moderating effects of pricing of conventional bank products and social influence. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(3), 534–567. https://doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-02-2021-0068

Mohd Dali, N.R. S., Yousafzai, S. Y., & Hamid, H. A. (2013). The Development of Islamic Banking and Finance. Underpinning Theory Affecting Islamic Banking Consumers Post Purchase Behaviour. In: 2nd International on Asean Economic Development organised by Faculty of Economics; Thailand.

Muhammad, T., & Bin Ngah, B. (2023). Mediating role of customer’s satisfaction on Jaiz bank products: a model development. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(1), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-08-2020-0241

Naifar, N. (2014). Credit Default Sharing Instead of Credit Default Swaps: Toward a More Sustainable Financial System. Journal of Economic Issues, 48(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.2753/jei0021-3624480101

Nomran, N. M., & Haron, R. (2021). Financial Performance in Islamic Banking and Shari’ah Supervision under Interventionist Regulatory Approach: A System-GMM Dynamic Panel Analysis. Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics, 8(1), 59–86. https://doi.org/10.26414/a095

Omran, M. G. H., Engelbrecht, A. P., & Salman, A. (2007). An overview of clustering methods. Intelligent Data Analysis, 11(6), 583–605. https://doi.org/10.3233/ida-2007-11602

Platonova, E., Asutay, M., Dixon, R., & Mohammad, S. (2018). The impact of corporate social responsibility disclosure on financial performance: Evidence from the GCC Islamic banking sector. Journal of business ethics, 151, 451-471.

Qureshi, M. F. (2018). Concepts Of Islamic Banking & Finance In The Light Of Quran & Sunnah. Wiley Publishing House.

R.V., S., Annamalai, B., et al. (2024). Consumer behavior in Islamic banking: a systematic literature review and agenda for future research. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15(5), 1326–1349. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-06-2023-0195

Safieddine, A. (2009). Islamic Financial Institutions and Corporate Governance: New Insights for Agency Theory. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(2), 142–158. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2009.00729.x

Safiullah, M., & Shamsuddin, A. (2018). Risk in Islamic banking and corporate governance. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 47, 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2017.12.008

Said, L. R., Bilal, K., Aziz, S., et al. (2022). A comparison of conventional versus Islamic banking customers attitudes and judgment. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 27(3), 206–220. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-021-00113-0

Saiti, B., Ardo, A. A., & Yumusak, I. G. (2022). Why non-Muslims subscribe to Islamic banking? Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, 14(2), 247–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-01-2018-0005

Samsudeen, S. N., Selvaratnam, G., & Hayathu Mohamed, A. H. (2022). Intention to use mobile banking services: an Islamic banking customers’ perspective from Sri Lanka. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(2), 410–433. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-05-2019-0108

Shabbirhusain, R. V., Annamalai, B., & Chandrasekaran, S. (2024). What to Say: Demystifying Tourism Content Marketing Strategy. Tourism Review International.

Shamsudheen, S. V., & Muneeza, A. (2022). Depicting ethical dilemma in Islamic financial institutions; addressing the gender heterogeneity. Eurasian Economic Review, 12(1), 29–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-021-00196-z

Shamsudheen, S. V., & Rosly, S. A. (2023). Organizational decision-making behaviour related to ethical issues, developing scale with special reference to “inter-variable circular causality and religious (Islamic) discourse.” International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoes-05-2021-0105

Small, H. (1973). Co‐citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 24(4), 265–269. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630240406

Surwase, G., Sagar, A., Kademani, B., et al. (2011). Co-citation Analysis: An Overview. In: Beyond Librarianship: Creativity, Innovation and Discovery; 16-17 September 2011; Mumbai, India.

van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2009). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3

Wu, Y.-C. J., & Wu, T. (2017). A decade of entrepreneurship education in the Asia Pacific for future directions in theory and practice. Management Decision, 55(7), 1333–1350. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2017-0518

Yusfiarto, R., Sunarsih, S., & Darmawan, D. (2023). Understanding Muslim’s switching from cash to m-payments: based on push-pull-mooring framework. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(2), 342–365. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-05-2021-0135

Zarrouk, H., Ben Jedidia, K., & Moualhi, M. (2016). Is Islamic bank profitability driven by same forces as conventional banks? International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 9(1), 46–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/imefm-12-2014-0120