Job-hopping behaviour in the engineering sector in Penang Malaysia
Vol 8, Issue 8, 2024
VIEWS - 2418 (Abstract)
Abstract
Purpose: This research aims to explore the phenomenon of job-hopping in the engineering sector in Penang, Malaysia, focusing on how factors like positive work culture, compensation and benefits, and job satisfaction influence an engineer’s propensity to frequently change jobs. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, targeting 200 engineers in Penang. It was grounded in Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Data collection was conducted using online questionnaires, which were adaptations of instruments used in previous research. Statistical analysis, including Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression, was performed using SPSS software. Findings: The Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant negative relationships between positive work culture, compensation and benefits, job satisfaction, and the tendency to job-hop. However, in the regression analysis, only job satisfaction emerged as a significant predictor of job-hopping behavior. This finding suggests that while factors like work culture and compensation/benefits contribute to the overall work environment, they do not primarily drive job mobility among engineers in this region. The study indicates that job satisfaction plays a more crucial role in influencing engineers’ decisions to change jobs frequently. Conclusion: The study enriches the field of organizational psychology by applying Herzberg’s theory to understand job-hopping behavior in the engineering sector. For organizations in Penang, the findings highlight the importance of enhancing job satisfaction as a strategy for reducing job-hopping and retaining talent. This insight is valuable for both academic research and practical application in the industry, emphasizing the critical role of job satisfaction in curbing job-hopping tendencies within the engineering field.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
- Abebe, A., & Assemie, A. (2023). Quality of work life and organizational commitment of the academic staff in Ethiopian universities. Heliyon, 9(4), e15139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15139
- Adamovic, M. (2022). How does employee cultural background influence the effects of telework on job stress? The roles of power distance, individualism, and beliefs about telework. International Journal of Information Management, 62, 102437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102437
- Agarwal, H., & Vaghela, P S. (2018). Work values of Gen Z: Bridging the gap to the next generation. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334400459_WORK_VALUES_OF_GEN_ZBridging_the_Gap_to_the_Next_Generation (accessed on 12 February 2024).
- Acquah, A., Nsiah, T. K., Antie, E. N. A., & Otoo, B. (2021). Literature review on theories motivation. EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review, 25–29. Internet Archive. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra6848
- Ali, Md. C., Islam, K. M. A., Chung, S., et al. (2021). The correlation between job-hopping attitude and turnover behavior: a job satisfaction perspective in bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management Future, 5(1), 14–26. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijbmf.v5i1.1075
- Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., et al. (2020). The application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals. Heliyon, 6(9), e04829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
- An, J., Liu, Y., Sun, Y., et al. (2020). Impact of Work–Family Conflict, Job Stress and Job Satisfaction on Seafarer Performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072191
- Annabi, H., & Lebovitz, S. (2018). Improving the retention of women in the IT workforce: An investigation of gender diversity interventions in the USA. Information Systems Journal, 28(6), 1049–1081. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12182
- Antony, A. F., & Das, B. M. (2022). Demographic Factors and Job Satisfaction of Civilian Personnel in Inter Service Organizations in India. International Management Review, 18(2), 62–78.
- Bernstein, R., Salipante, P., & Weisinger, J. (2021). Performance through diversity and inclusion: Leveraging organizational practices for equity and results. Routledge.
- Bhardwaj, A., Mishra, S., & Kumar Jain, T. (2021). An analysis to understanding the job satisfaction of employees in banking industry. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37, 170–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.783
- Bukhari, S. G. A. S., Jamali, S. G., Larik, A. R., et al. (2021). Fostering intrinsic motivation among teachers: Importance of work environment and individual differences. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 11(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2021.1925182
- Burton, R. M., Håkonsson, D. D., Nickerson, J., et al. (2017). GitHub: exploring the space between boss-less and hierarchical forms of organizing. Journal of Organization Design, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-017-0020-3
- Chantal, M., Manyange, M., & Asuman, B. (2022). The relationship between employee recognition programs and employee performance of Shyogwe diocese. INOSR Arts and Management, 8(1), 35–48.
- Chiang, M. F., Cole, R. G., Gupta, S., et al. (2005). Computer and World Wide Web Accessibility by Visually Disabled Patients: Problems and Solutions. Survey of Ophthalmology, 50(4), 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.04.004
- Dimitrakaki, I. (2022). Organizational culture and performance. The case of Google. Global Research Review in Business and Economics, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.56805/grrbe.2022.8.5.501
- Dziuba, S. T., Ingaldi, M., & Zhuravskaya, M. (2020). Employees’ Job Satisfaction and their Work Performance as Elements Influencing Work Safety. System Safety: Human—Technical Facility—Environment, 18–25. https://doi.org/10.2478/9788395720437-003
- Faragalla, H. (2022). An evaluation of influences of employee and customer satisfaction on the marketing positioning of consumer products: a case study of Starbucks coffee company in Qatar. University of Wales Trinity Saint David.
- Feraro-Banta, L., & Shaikh, S. A. (2017). Relation of Compensation and Benefits on Employees’ Performance: A Study of Audit Firms in Bahrain. IARJSET, 4(5), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2017.4533
- Ferdiana, S., Khan, Z., & Ray, S. (2023). Investigating the Impact of Career Development, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Support on Employee Retention. Journal of Management Studies and Development, 2(02), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.56741/jmsd.v2i02.108
- FMT Reporters. (2022). 30% of workers plan to change jobs by June, survey shows. Available online: https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2022/05/12/30-of-workers-plan-to-change-jobs-by-june-survey-shows/ (accessed on 29 August 2023).
- Galanakis, M., & Peramatzis, G. (2022). Herzberg’s Motivation Theory in Workplace. Journal of Psychology Research, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.12.009
- Hall, A. A., Morgan, B., & Redelinghuys, K. (2022). The relationship between job-hopping motives and congruence. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 48. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v48i0.1938
- Hassan, M., Jambulingam, M., Alagas, E. N., et al. (2019). Necessities of combating dissatisfactions at workplaces for the retention of job-hopping generation Y employees. The Business & Management Review, 10(3), 369–378.
- Hazeen Fathima, M., & Umarani, C. (2022). A study on the impact of role stress on engineer intention to leave in Indian construction firms. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21730-2
- Japura, G. A., Torres, N. I. V., Medina, G. S., et al. (2023). The Psychological Influence of Organizational Culture on Employee Motivation and Satisfaction: A Psychological Approach. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(6), 352–357.
- Jayaram, J., Droge, C., & Vickery, S. K. (1999). The impact of human resource management practices on manufacturing performance. Journal of operations Management, 18(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(99)00013-3
- Juliana, J., Suwarto, S., Pramono, R., et al. (2021). Job Hopping Behaviour and Turnover Intention on Millennial Teachers: A Closer Look to Their Antecendents. At-Ta’lim: Media Informasi Pendidikan Islam, 20(2), 130–144.
- Kakada, P., & Deshpande, Y. (2019). Working conditions and effective supervision: Does it matter for engineering faculty job satisfaction. The International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education, 58(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020720918815998
- Larasati, A., & Aryanto, D. B. (2020). Job-Hopping and the Determinant Factors. In: Proceedings of the 5th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2019). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200120.011
- Lee, P. X., Al-Ainati, S., Alahmad, F., et al. (2023). Factors Impacting Job Hopping Behaviour Among Finance Professionals: Towards Improving Employment Policy. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 29(2), 360–377.
- Liu, C., Ngolob, R. A., & Palaoag, T. D. (2020). Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 121–125. https://doi.org/10.18178/joams.8.4.121–125
- Majeed, H., Shahid, M., Al-Sulaiti, K. I., et al. (2023). Emotional exhaustion, organizational commitment, and job hopping in the banking sector: a mediation analysis approach. Journal of Excellence in Management Sciences, 2(2), 44–60.
- Miah, Md. T., & Hasan, Md. J. (2022). Impact of Herzberg Two-Factor Theory on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction: An Implication to the Private Universities of Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management Research, 10(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.100101
- Nguyen, H. P., & Le, H. N. (2022). Determinants of job-hopping behavior: the case of information technology sector. International Journal of Law and Management, 64(3), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-06-2020-0178
- Omaliko, E. L., & Akwuobi, B. U. (2022). Effect of contemporary compensation schemes on corporate performance; Evidence from listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Journal of Global Accounting, 8(3), 1–13.
- Pandey, D. L. (2019). Job Hopping Tendency in Millenials. NCC Journal, 4(1), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.3126/nccj.v4i1.24733
- Pârjoleanu, R. (2020). Work Motivation Efficiency in the Workplace. Postmodern Openings, 11(4), 293–309. https://doi.org/10.18662/po/11.4/236
- Pattnaik, L., & Jena, L. K. (2020). Mindfulness, remote engagement and employee morale: conceptual analysis to address the “new normal.” International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(4), 873–890. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-06-2020-2267
- Pawirosumarto, S., Sarjana, P. K., & Gunawan, R. (2017). The effect of work environment, leadership style, and organizational culture towards job satisfaction and its implication towards employee performance in Parador Hotels and Resorts, Indonesia. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6), 1337–1358. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-10-2016-0085
- Penang Institute. (2021). Penang: Labour force. Available online: https://penanginstitute.org/resources/key-penang-statistics/visualisations-of-key-indicators/penang-labour-force/ (accessed on 2 July 2023).
- Pengtako, T., & Tawata, A. (2020). Quality of working life and Job satisfaction influence Intention to stay of Engineer in Japanese companies in I-EA-T Free Zone, Hi-Tech Industrial estate, Phra Nakhon Sri Ayutthaya [PhD thesis]. Silpakorn University.
- Pimenta de Devotto, R., de Freitas, C. P. P., & Wechsler, S. M. (2022). Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Job Crafting, and Meaningful Work: Network Analysis. Trends in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-022-00203-5
- Raab, R. (2019). Workplace Perception and Job Satisfaction of Older Workers. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(3), 943–963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00109-7
- Rahman, K. T., & Zahir Uddin Arif, Md. (2021). Working from Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Satisfaction, Challenges, and Productivity of Employees. International Journal of Trade and Commerce-IIARTC, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.46333/ijtc/9/2/3
- Selvanathan, M., Buga, M.M., Arumugam, T.H., et al. (2019). Determinants of job hopping factors among lecturers in private universities, Malaysia. Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana, 24(6), 234–242.
- Singh, M. K., Kumar, V., & Ahmad, T. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on working culture: an exploratory research among information technology (IT) professionals in Bengaluru, Karnataka (Indian). Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(5), 3176–3184.
- Sudibjo, N., & Suwarli, M.B.N. (2020). Job embeddedness and job satisfaction as a mediator between work-life balance and intention to stay. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(8), 311–331.
- Sukardi, T., Fitrah, A., Syauqi, K., et al. (2020). Industrial working culture in learning practice at vocational high school. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1446(1), 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1446/1/012010
- Tan, T. H., & Waheed, A. (2011). Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory and job satisfaction in the Malaysian retail sector: The mediating effect of love of money. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), 73–94.
- Technological Challenges. (2022). Management and Industrial Engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98040-5
- Tetteh, I., Spaulding, A., & Ptukhina, M. (2021). Understanding the job-hopping syndrome among millennial employees in the U.S. food and agribusiness sector: a national survey. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 24(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2020.0001
- Warshawski, S. (2022). Academic self-efficacy, resilience and social support among first-year Israeli nursing students learning in online environments during COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse Education Today, 110, 105267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105267
- Weirauch, L., Galliker, S., & Elfering, A. (2023). Holacracy, a modern form of organizational governance predictors for person-organization-fit and job satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1021545
- Wider, W., Bakar, S.M.S.A., Dzulkalnine, N., et al. (2023). Factors influencing Job-hopping Behaviour in Malaysian Construction Sector. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(10s(2)), 968–974.
- Yousaf, S. (2019). Dissection of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory to Predict Job Satisfaction: Empirical Evidence from the Telecommunication Industry of Pakistan. Lahore Journal of Business, 8(2), 85–128. https://doi.org/10.35536/ljb.2019.v8.v2.a4
- Yukongdi, V., & Shrestha, P. (2020). The influence of affective commitment, job satisfaction and job stress on turnover intention: A study of Nepalese bank employees. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9, 88–98.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i8.4961
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Qian Gui Loh, Walton Wider, Ying Ket Chong, Leilei Jiang, Lester Naces Udang, Jem Cloyd M. Tanucan
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.