e-learning; COVID-19; higher education; online assessment; digital education; student perceptions; educational challenges

Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students’ perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 2(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.2020261309 Al-Balas, M., Khalil, H., & Salameh, B. (2023). Challenges and opportunities of remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative study between medical education in Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Education and Information Technologies, 28(1), 11-29. Ali, W. (2020). Online and remote learning in higher education institutes: A necessity in light of COVID-19 pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16 Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2015). The role of e-learning, advantages, and disadvantages of its adoption in higher education. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 12(1), 29-42. Armstrong-Mensah, E., et al. (2020). COVID-19 and distance learning: Effects on Georgia State University school of public health students. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 576227. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.576227 Bali, S., & Liu, M. (2018). Students' perceptions toward online learning and face-to-face learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1108, 012094. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1108/1/012094 Bao, W. (2020). COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(2), 113-115. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.191 Bilal, M., Haris, S., & Naqvi, H. (2022). Exploring the impact of e-learning adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 25(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756473281047231 Coman, C., Tîru, L. G., Meseșan-Schmitz, L., Stanciu, C., & Bularca, M. C. (2020). Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: Students’ perspectives from Romania. Sustainability, 12(24), 10367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410367 Dawson, P., Henderson, M., Mahoney, P., Phillips, M., Ryan, T., Boud, D., & Molloy, E. (2019). What makes for effective feedback: Staff and student perspectives. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 44(1), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1467877 Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 49(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018 Gopal, R., Singh, V., & Aggarwal, A. (2021). Impact of online classes on student satisfaction and performance during the pandemic. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 6923-6947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10523-1 Goswami, M. P., Thanvi, J., & Padhi, S. R. (2021). The constraints and effectiveness of online learning during the pandemic in India. Higher Education for the Future, 8(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631121991564 Küçük-Avci, A., Bozkurt, A., & Aykan, E. (2022). Trends and patterns of e-learning in higher education during COVID-19: A bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in Education, 7, 345-362. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.893147​:contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} Muthuprasad, T., Aiswarya, S., Aditya, K. S., & Jha, G. K. (2021). Students' perception and preference for online education in India during COVID-19 pandemic. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 3(1), 100101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2020.100101 Pham, L., Zhang, Y., & Djeki, S. (2022). The role of technology in online learning during the pandemic: A case study of student experiences in India and China. International Journal of Educational Research, 105, 102005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.102005​:contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2} Prikshat, V., Montague, A., Connell, J., & Burgess, J. (2019). Australian graduates’ work readiness – Deficiencies, causes, and potential solutions. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 9(3), 320-340. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-09-2018-0082 Rashid, S., & Yadav, S. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on higher education and research. Indian Journal of Human Development, 14(2), 340-343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973703020946700 Raspopovic, M., Jankulovic, A., Runic, J., & Lucic, V. (2017). Success factors for e-learning in a developing country: A case study of Serbia. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v18i1.2645 Sadeghi, M. (2019). A shift from classroom to distance learning: Advantages and limitations. International Journal of Research in English Education, 4(1), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.29252/ijree.4.1.80 Salloum, S. A., & Shaalan, K. (2018). Investigating students’ acceptance of e-learning system in higher educational environments in the UAE: Applying the extended technology acceptance model (TAM). The International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies, 3(3), 15-24. Selvaraj, A., Radhin, V., KA, N., Benson, N., & Mathew, A. J. (2021). Effectiveness and challenges of online learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of teachers and students. Current Psychology, 40(11), 6452-6460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01610-0 Sulla, F., Aquino, A., & Rollo, D. (2022). The role of grit in university students' academic achievement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(3), 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000657 Taufiq, A., & Said, H. (2020). Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asian countries: An exploratory study. Journal of Education and Practice, 11(16), 75-89. Tlili, A., Huang, R., & Burgos, D. (2022). Mapping the impact of COVID-19 on MOOCs in higher education. Interactive Learning Environments, 30(4), 550-569. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2037887​:contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1} Xue F.Y., Zin M.M., Mokhtar W.K.W., Aziz A.A., & Ngadiron S. (2024). TEACHING SELF-DEVELOPMENT SKILLS USING GAMIFICATION VIA BLACKBOARD E-LEARNING . Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 19(6), 89 - 97.