Examine the interaction impact of psychological characteristics on individual entrepreneurial orientation and cyberpreneurship intentions
Vol 8, Issue 4, 2024
VIEWS - 1250 (Abstract)
Abstract
In a rapidly evolving digital economy, cyberpreneurship has emerged as a pivotal force driving innovation and economic growth. The study applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting entrepreneurial intention in the context of Malaysia, where the government has actively championed digital entrepreneurship. Drawing from a sample of 473 final-year university students in the Klang Valley region of Malaysia, the study investigates the impact of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) dimensions, namely innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness, on the intention to engage in cyberpreneurship within the context of Digital Free Trade Zones (DFTZ). The study further examines the moderation effect of psychological characteristics incorporating visionary thinking, self-efficacy, opportunism, and creativity to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cyberpreneurial intentions. With the moderating variable, the paper presents a comprehensive model to investigate the IEO and psychological characteristics contributing to cyberpreneurship intentions and its impact on engagement in DFTZ. An empirical examination of data and hypotheses found that risk-taking (RISK) and proactiveness (PRO) are significantly related to cyberpreneurial intention. Psychological characteristics significantly proved its moderating role in its interaction with innovatiness (INNO), risk-taking (RISK), and proactivness (PRO) in influencing cyberpreneurial intentions (CYBER_PI). Innovativeness (INNO) without the influence of the moderating variable is not significantly related to cyberpreneurial intentions. Engagement with the Digital Free Trade Zone (DFTZ) through the mediating role of cyberpreneurial intentions (CYBER_PI), the innovativeness (INNO) did not succeed. On the other hand, risk-taking (RISK) and proactiveness (PRO) are found to be significant. The paper contributes to the landscape of e-commerce and digital trade literature by advancing our understanding of the factors driving individuals’ intentions to participate in cyberpreneurship and engage in DFTZ. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurs alike.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
- Alam, S. S., Mohd, R., Kamaruddin, B. H., & Nor, N. G. M. (2015). Personal values and entrepreneurial orientations in Malay entrepreneurs in Malaysia. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 25(4), 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcoma-01-2013-0001
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
- Aloulou, W.J. (2023). Predicting entrepreneurial intentions of final year Saudi university business students by applying the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(4), 1142–1164
- Anderson, J. R. (2023). The role of subjective norms in developing entrepreneurial intentions in university students. Journal of Strategy and Management, 16(4), 643–653. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsma-10-2022-0190
- Audretsch, D., & Keilbach, M. (2004). Entrepreneurship Capital and Economic Performance. Regional Studies, 38(8), 949–959. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340042000280956
- Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103–118. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030140202
- Bjekić, D., Zlatić, L., & Zlatković, B. (2023). Entrepreneurial orientation of the female students of educational professions. Inovacije u Nastavi, 36(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.5937/inovacije2301070b
- Bolton, D.L. and Lane, M.D. (2012). Individual entrepreneurial orientation: development of a measurement instrument, Education and Training, 54 (2–3), 219–233.
- Chesbrough, H. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 529–555. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/11.3.529
- Chin, M. Y., Foo, L. P., & Falahat, M. (2023). Digital Free Trade Zone in Facilitating Small Medium Enterprises for Globalisation: A Perspective from Malaysia Small and Medium Enterprises. Business and Economic Research, 13(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.5296/ber.v13i2.20835
- Covin, J. G., Rigtering, J. P. C., Hughes, M., Kraus, S., Cheng, C.-F., & Bouncken, R. B. (2020). Individual and team entrepreneurial orientation: Scale development and configurations for success. Journal of Business Research, 112, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.023
- Davidsson, P. (2004). Researching Entrepreneurship. Springer, New York.
- Davis, M. H., Hall, J. A., & Mayer, P. S. (2016). Developing a new measure of entrepreneurial mindset: Reliability, validity, and implications for practitioners. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 68(1), 21–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000045
- Durac, L., & Moga, L.M. (2023). Applications of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour in Making Decision to Adopt a Career in Social Entrepreneurship. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 15(1), 16–30.
- Elali, W., & Al-Yacoub, B. (2016). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions among Kuwaitis. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 12(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-07-2015-0029
- Falahat, M., Ling, T. J., & Thurasamy, R. (2021). The impact of psychological characteristics and COVID-19 on entrepreneurial intention in Malaysia. J. for Global Business Advancement, 14(5), 662. https://doi.org/10.1504/jgba.2021.123557
- Fayolle, A., & Liñán, F. (2014). The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 663–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.024
- Fellnhofer, K. (2022). Entrepreneurial alertness toward responsible research and innovation: Digital technology makes the psychological heart of entrepreneurship pound. Technovation, 118, 102384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102384
- Fernández-Pérez, V., Montes-Merino, A., Rodríguez-Ariza, L., & Galicia, P. E. A. (2017). Emotional competencies and cognitive antecedents in shaping student’s entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of entrepreneurship education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(1), 281–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0438-7
- Gurol, Y., & Atsan, N. (2006). Entrepreneurial characteristics amongst university students: Some insights for entrepreneurship education and training in Turkey. Education and Training, 48 (1), 25–38.
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. In Classroom Companion: Business. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
- Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0203
- Hasbolah, Mamat, Abdullah, & Sidek. (2020). A Review on Cyber Entrepreneurship in Malaysia: Past, Present and Future. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(14), 2628–2636. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.19.513
- Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
- Hernández-Perlines, F., Ibarra Cisneros, M. A., Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Mogorrón-Guerrero, H. (2019). Innovativeness as a determinant of entrepreneurial orientation: analysis of the hotel sector. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 33(1), 2305–2321. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2019.1696696
- Jiao, H., Wang, L., & Shi, Y. (2022). How does institutional environment in the digital context affect technology entrepreneurship? The moderating roles of government digitalization and gender. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 35(7), 1089–1112. https://doi.org/10.1108/jocm-10-2021-0321
- Jin, B., Jung, S., & Jeong, S. W. (2017). Dimensional effects of Korean SME’s entrepreneurial orientation on internationalization and performance: The mediating role of marketing capability. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(1), 195–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0457-4
- Kock, N. (2015). Common Method Bias in PLS-SEM. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
- Koh, H. C. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: A study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683949610113566
- Kropp, F., Lindsay, N. J., & Shoham, A. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation and international entrepreneurial business venture startup. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 14(2), 102–117. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552550810863080
- Kusmintarti, A., Thoyib, A., Maskie, G., & Ashar, K. (2016). Entrepreneurial Characteristics as a Mediation of Entrepreneurial Education Influence on Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 19, 24.
- Langkamp Bolton, D., & Lane, M. D. (2012, April 13). Individual entrepreneurial orientation: Development of a measurement instrument. Education + Training, 54(2/3), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911211210314
- Lee, K. W., Tsai, M. T., & Lanting, M. C. L. (2011, January). From marketplace to marketspace: Investigating the consumer switch to online banking. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10(1), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2010.08.005
- Lee, S. M., & Peterson, S. J. (2000). Culture, entrepreneurial orientation, and global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 35(4), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-9516(00)00045-6
- Liñán, F. (2008). Skill and value perceptions: How do they affect entrepreneurial intentions? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-008-0093-0
- Lindell, M. K., & Whitney, D. J. (2001). Accounting for common method variance in cross-sectional research designs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 114–121. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.114
- Linton, G. (2019). Innovativeness, risk-taking, and proactiveness in startups: A case study and conceptual development. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0147-5
- Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135. https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
- Martins, I., & Perez, J. P. (2020). Testing mediating effects of individual entrepreneurial orientation on the relation between close environmental factors and entrepreneurial intention. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26(4), 771–791. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-08-2019-0505
- Mir, A. A., Hassan, S., & Khan, S. J. (2022). Understanding digital entrepreneurial intentions: A capital theory perspective. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(12), 6165–6191. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-05-2021-0687
- Ngoc Khuong, M., & Huu An, N. (2016). The Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention of the Students of Vietnam National University—A Mediation Analysis of Perception toward Entrepreneurship. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 4(2), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.7763/joebm.2016.v4.375
- Nikitina, T., Licznerska, M., Ozoliņa-Ozola, I., & Lapina, I. (2022). Individual entrepreneurial orientation: Comparison of business and STEM students. Education + Training, 65(4), 565–586. https://doi.org/10.1108/et-07-2021-0256
- Park, C. (2017). A study on effect of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-08-2017-024
- Parveen, F., Jaafar, N. I., & Ainin, S. (2015). Social media usage and organizational performance: Reflections of Malaysian social media managers. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.03.001
- Pearson, J.M. & Pearson, A.M. (2008). An Exploratory Study into Determining the Relative Importance of Key Criteria in Web Usability: A Multi-Criteria Approach. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 48:4, 115–127, DOI: 10.1080/08874417.2008.11646041
- Perez, J. P., Martins, I., Mahauad, M. D., & Sarango-Lalangui, P. O. (2022). A bridge between entrepreneurship education, program inspiration, and entrepreneurial intention: The role of individual entrepreneurial orientation. Evidence from Latin American emerging economies. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-04-2021-0137
- Preller, R., Patzelt, H., & Breugst, N. (2020). Entrepreneurial visions in founding teams: Conceptualization, emergence, and effects on opportunity development. Journal of Business Venturing, 35(2), 105914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.11.004
- Renko, M., Kroeck, K. G., & Bullough, A. (2012). Expectancy theory and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 39(3), 667–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9354-3
- Sabah, S. (2016). Entrepreneurial Intention: Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Moderation Effect of Start-Up Experience. Entrepreneurship—Practice-Oriented Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.5772/65640
- Santos, G., Marques, C. S., & Ferreira, J. J. M. (2020). Passion and perseverance as two new dimensions of an Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale. Journal of Business Research, 112, 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.016
- Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise of Enterpreneurship as a Field of Research. The Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217. https://doi.org/10.2307/259271
- Shepherd, D. A. (2016). Decision Making in Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784716042
- Tommy, Wirawan, & Junko. (2021). The dynamics of individual entrepreneurial orientation in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Applied Management (JAM), 19(3), 688–702.
- Tsai, F.S. and Hsu, I.C. (2019). The effects of social capital on knowledge heterogeneity. Management Decision, 57(5), 1237–1253. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-12-2016-0909
- Urbano, D., Guerrero, M., Ferreira, J. J., & Fernandes, C. I. (2019). New technology entrepreneurship initiatives: Which strategic orientations and environmental conditions matter in the new socio-economic landscape? The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44(5), 1577–1602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9675-3
- Wang, C. L., & Altinay, L. (2012). Social embeddedness, entrepreneurial orientation and firm growth in ethnic minority small businesses in the UK. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 30(1), 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610366060
- Wasowska, A. (2019). Social-cognitive antecedents of new venture internationalization. Baltic Journal of Management, 14(3), 462–479. https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-09-2018-0325
- Wathanakom, N., Khlaisang, J., & Songkram, N. (2020). The study of the causal relationship between innovativeness and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-00125-5
- Zhao, D., & Smallbone, D. (2019). What affects nascent entrepreneurs’ proactiveness. Asia Pacific Management Review, 24(4), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2018.12.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i4.3381
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammad Falahat, Arumugam G. Sithamparam, Nor Azrul Mohd Zin, Kok Meng Ng
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.