A metaverse is an environment where humans interact socially and economically as avatars in cyberspace, which acts as a metaphor for the real world but without its physical or economic limitations. Many people use this new technology to connect with others, exchange content or discover new hobbies. Unlike other virtual worlds, the metaverse offers an online world that can be shaped. For the ports of the Spanish port system, it is intended to determine the new virtual port ecosystem that could be developed in the short term through an affinity diagram, which is a diagram that is used for the organization of ideas provided by a group on a complex problem that is held in a specific area, in this case reaching meta ports in the port system. The main conclusion is that to advance on this concept the new operating models and customers and services, are the blocks where the greatest efforts will have to be made.

Ahmad, H. F., Rafique, W., Rasool, R. U., et al. (2023). Leveraging 6G, extended reality, and IoT big data analytics for healthcare: A review. Computer Science Review, 48, 100558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2023.100558

Allam, Z., Sharifi, A., Bibri, S. E., et al. (2022). The Metaverse as a Virtual Form of Smart Cities: Opportunities and Challenges for Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability in Urban Futures. Smart Cities, 5(3), 771–801. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030040

Batat, W. (2021). How augmented reality (AR) is transforming the restaurant sector: Investigating the impact of “Le Petit Chef” on customers’ dining experiences. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172, 121013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121013

Bian, Y., Leng, J., & Zhao, J. L. (2022). Demystifying Metaverse as a New Paradigm of Enterprise Digitization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96282-1_8

Bibri, S. E., Allam, Z., & Krogstie, J. (2022). The Metaverse as a virtual form of data-driven smart urbanism: Platformization and its underlying processes, institutional dimensions, and disruptive impacts. Computational Urban Science, 2(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-022-00051-0

Bisht, D., Singh, R., Gehlot, A., et al. (2022). Imperative Role of Integrating Digitalization in the Firms Finance: A Technological Perspective. Electronics, 11(19), 3252. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193252

Biswas, S., Sanyal, A., Božanić, D., et al. (2023). Critical Success Factors for 5G Technology Adaptation in Supply Chains. Sustainability, 15(6), 5539. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065539

Buhalis, D., Papathanassis, A., & Vafeidou, M. (2022). Smart cruising: smart technology applications and their diffusion in cruise tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 13(4), 626–649. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-05-2021-0155

Damar, M. (2021). Metaverse shape of your life for future: A bibliometric snapshot. Journal of Metaverse, 1(1), 1-8.

De Giovanni, P. (2023). Sustainability of the Metaverse: A Transition to Industry 5.0. Sustainability, 15(7), 6079. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15076079

de la Peña Zarzuelo, I., Soeane, M. J. F., & Bermúdez, B. L. (2020). Industry 4.0 in the port and maritime industry: A literature review. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 20, 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2020.100173

Deveci, M., Gokasar, I., Castillo, O., & Daim, T. (2022). Evaluation of Metaverse integration of freight fluidity measurement alternatives using fuzzy Dombi EDAS model. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 174, 108773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108773

Dincelli, E., & Yayla, A. (2022). Immersive virtual reality in the age of the Metaverse: A hybrid-narrative review based on the technology affordance perspective. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 31(2), 101717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2022.101717

Duan, H., Li, J., Fan, S., et al. (2021). Metaverse for Social Good: A University Campus Prototype. Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1145/3474085.3479238

Dutta, P., Choi, T.-M., Somani, S., & Butala, R. (2020). Blockchain technology in supply chain operations: Applications, challenges and research opportunities. Transportation research part e: Logistics and transportation review, 142, 102067.

Dwivedi, Y. K., Kshetri, N., Hughes, L., et al. (2023). Exploring the Darkverse: A Multi-Perspective Analysis of the Negative Societal Impacts of the Metaverse. Information Systems Frontiers, 1-44.

Fowlkes, C., Belongie, S., Fan Chung, & Malik, J. (2004). Spectral grouping using the nystrom method. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 26(2), 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2004.1262185

Gadekallu, T. R., Wang, W., Yenduri, G., et al. (2023). Blockchain for the Metaverse: A review. Future Generation Computer Systems, 143, 401-419.

González-Cancelas, N., Camarero Orive, A., Espejo de Vena, R., & Soler Flores, F. (2022). Digitalisation Analysis of Land Transport Associated with Ports Using an Affinity Diagram (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4220855). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4220855

González-Cancelas, N., Vaca Cabrero, J., & Camarero Orive, A. (2023). Metaverse in Spanish ports as a high impact solution. pp. 1-19.

Gretzel, U., & Koo, C. (2021). Smart tourism cities: A duality of place where technology supports the convergence of touristic and residential experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 352-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1897636

Hoyer, W. D., Kroschke, M., Schmitt, B., et al. (2020). Transforming the customer experience through new technologies. Journal of interactive marketing, 51(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.04.001

Huynh-The, T., Pham, Q.-V., Pham, X.-Q., et al. (2023). Artificial intelligence for the metaverse: A survey. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 117, 105581.

Jauhar, S. K., Jani, S. M., Kamble, S. S., et al. (2023). How to use no-code artificial intelligence to predict and minimize the inventory distortions for resilient supply chains. International Journal of Production Research, 0(0), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2023.2166139

Kliestik, T., Nagy, M., & Valaskova, K. (2023). Global Value Chains and Industry 4.0 in the Context of Lean Workplaces for Enhancing Company Performance and Its Comprehension via the Digital Readiness and Expertise of Workforce in the V4 Nations. Mathematics, 11(3), 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11030601

Kye, B., Han, N., Kim, E., et al. (2021). Educational applications of metaverse: Possibilities and limitations. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 18, 32. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.32

Lin, C.-C., Yang, Z., & Chang, C.-H. (2022). Facilitating adoption of virtual communities through emotional connection in the global logistics industry. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2022.2153815

Lv, Z., Shang, W.-L., & Guizani, M. (2022). Impact of Digital Twins and Metaverse on Cities: History, Current Situation, and Application Perspectives. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12820. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412820

Mallam, S. C., Nazir, S., & Renganayagalu, S. K. (2019). Rethinking maritime education, training, and operations in the digital era: Applications for emerging immersive technologies. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(12), 428. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7120428

Maurya, M., Dixit, S., Zaidi, N., & Dharwal, M. (2022). The Phygital Dimension: Redefining Rules of Retail Success Through Technological Convergence. Evolution of Digitized Societies Through Advanced Technologies, 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2984-7_9

Mhlanga, D. (2021). Artificial Intelligence in the Industry 4.0, and Its Impact on Poverty, Innovation, Infrastructure Development, and the Sustainable Development Goals: Lessons from Emerging Economies? Sustainability, 13(11), 5788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115788

Mourtzis, D., Panopoulos, N., Angelopoulos, J., et al. (2022). Human centric platforms for personalized value creation in metaverse. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 65, 653-659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.11.004

Mozumder, M. A. I., Armand, T. P. T., Imtiyaj Uddin, S. M., et al. (2023). Metaverse for Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare: An Overview of Potential Use Cases Based on Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, IoT Technologies, Its Challenges, and Future Directions. Applied Sciences, 13(8), 5127. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13085127

Mozumder, M. A. I., Sheeraz, M. M., Athar, A., et al. (2022). Overview: Technology Roadmap of the Future Trend of Metaverse based on IoT, Blockchain, AI Technique, and Medical Domain Metaverse Activity. 2022 24th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 256-261. https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT53585.2022.9728808

Neethirajan, S. (2023). Artificial Intelligence and Sensor Technologies in Dairy Livestock Export: Charting a Digital Transformation. Sensors, 23(16), 7045. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167045

Ng, L. H. X., & Cruickshank, I. J. (2023). Recruitment promotion via Twitter: A network-centric approach of analyzing community engagement using social identity. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 4(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3617127

Perano, M., Cammarano, A., Varriale, V., et al. (2023). Embracing supply chain digitalization and unphysicalization to enhance supply chain performance: a conceptual framework. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 53(5/6), 628–659. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-06-2022-0201

Pooyandeh, M., Han, K.-J., & Sohn, I. (2022). Cybersecurity in the AI-Based Metaverse: A Survey. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12993. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412993

Qadir, A. M.-A., & Fatah, A. O. (2023). Platformization and the Metaverse: Opportunities and Challenges for Urban Sustainability and Economic Development. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.4108/ew.3842

Qamar, S., Anwar, Z., & Afzal, M. (2023). A systematic threat analysis and defense strategies for the metaverse and extended reality systems. Computers & Security, 128, 103127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2023.103127

Raza, Z., Woxenius, J., Vural, C. A., & Lind, M. (2023). Digital transformation of maritime logistics: Exploring trends in the liner shipping segment. Computers in Industry, 145, 103811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2022.103811

Rejeb, A., Keogh, J. G., & Treiblmaier, H. (2019). Leveraging the Internet of Things and Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management. Future Internet, 11(7), 161. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi11070161

Romagnoli, S., Tarabu’, C., Maleki Vishkaei, B., & De Giovanni, P. (2023). The Impact of Digital Technologies and Sustainable Practices on Circular Supply Chain Management. Logistics, 7(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics7010001

Secchi, C., & Gili, A. (2022). Digitalisation for sustainable infrastructure: The road ahead. Digitalisation for sustainable infrastructure, 1-326.

Singh, R., Akram, S. V., Gehlot, A., et al. (2022). Energy System 4.0: Digitalization of the Energy Sector with Inclination towards Sustainability. Sensors, 22(17), 6619. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176619

Sopher, H., & Lescop, L. (2023). Learning in metaverse: the immersive atelier model of the architecture studio. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, 17(3), 536–553. https://doi.org/10.1108/arch-10-2022-0213

Tang, F., Chen, X., Zhao, M., & Kato, N. (2023). The Roadmap of Communication and Networking in 6G for the Metaverse. IEEE Wireless Communications, 30(4), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.019.2100721

Templin, T., Popielarczyk, D., & Gryszko, M. (2022). Using Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) to Support Safe Navigation on Inland and Coastal Water Zones. Remote Sensing, 14(6), 1520. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14061520

Wu, H., & Zhang, W. (2023). Digital identity, privacy security, and their legal safeguards in the Metaverse. Security and Safety, 2, 2023011. https://doi.org/10.1051/sands/2023011

Wylde, V., Prakash, E., Hewage, C., & Platts, J. (2023). Post-Covid-19 Metaverse Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: Present and Future Challenges. Data Protection in a Post-Pandemic Society, 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34006-2_1

Yao, X., Ma, N., Zhang, J., et al. (2022). Enhancing wisdom manufacturing as industrial metaverse for industry and society 5.0. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-022-02027-7

Yoon, D., & Oh, A. (2022). Design of Metaverse for Two-Way Video Conferencing Platform Based on Virtual Reality. Journal of Information and Communication Convergence Engineering, 20(3), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.56977/jicce.2022.20.3.189

Zhang, H., Luo, G., Li, Y., & Wang, F.-Y. (2022). Parallel vision for intelligent transportation systems in metaverse: Challenges, solutions, and potential applications. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 53(6), 3400–3413. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2022.3228314