Potential barriers and drivers in the growth of blue economy: Perspectives of nautical tourism
Vol 8, Issue 9, 2024
VIEWS - 175 (Abstract) 112 (PDF)
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of developing a maritime tourism project within the blue economy of Pakistan and explores the factors influencing blue growth and maritime tourism. A quantitative research approach has been adopted. The research gathered primary data from diverse experts and stakeholders within the maritime sector and related industries. The study’s target population comprised on various entities involved in these sectors. A sample of around 250 individuals was selected using a convenient sampling technique. The collected data underwent analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the Partial Least Square (PLS) method. This approach was chosen to explore and understand the intricate relationships between variables in the context of the maritime industry. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) techniques were then employed to scrutinize the data further, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the interconnections among the variables identified in the study. This robust methodological approach enhances the study’s credibility and provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the maritime sector and its associated industries. The findings indicate that a balanced approach, valuing business sustainability, top management support, and enabling innovation structures positively impact blue growth. Additionally, uncertainty avoidance and promoting short-term goals have an appositive impact on the blue economy. Moreover, two potential barriers, Functional strategy, and weak competency, do not significantly affect the blue economy. This study lays the foundation for further exploration and implementation of strategies that promote sustainable growth and development in Pakistan’s blue economy. By integrating the insights gained from this study into policy and decision-making processes, stakeholders can work together to create a vibrant and sustainable maritime tourism sector that benefits both local communities and the environment.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
Asaf Humayun, & Naghmana Zafar. (2014). Pakistan’s ‘Blue Economy’: Potential and Prospects. Policy Perspectives: The Journal of the Institute of Policy Studies, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.13169/polipers.11.1.0057
Bennett, N. J. (2022). Mainstreaming Equity and Justice in the Ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.873572
Bennett, N. J., Blythe, J., White, C. S., & Campero, C. (2021). Blue growth and blue justice: Ten risks and solutions for the ocean economy. Marine Policy, 125, 104387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104387
Bogadóttir, R. (2020). Blue Growth and its discontents in the Faroe Islands: an island perspective on Blue (De)Growth, sustainability, and environmental justice. Sustainability Science, 15(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00763-z
Bujang, M. A., Omar, E. D., & Baharum, N. A. (2018). A Review on Sample Size Determination for Cronbach’s Alpha Test: A Simple Guide for Researchers. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(6), 85–99. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2018.25.6.9
Caswell, B. A., Klein, E. S., Alleway, H. K., et al. (2020a). Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas. Fish and Fisheries, 21(4), 774–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12460
Choudhary, P., G, V. S., Khade, M., Savant, S., Musale, A., G, R. K. K., Chelliah, M. S., & Dasgupta, S. (2021). Empowering blue economy: From underrated ecosystem to sustainable industry. Journal of Environmental Management, 291, 112697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112697
Daly, J., Knott, C., Keogh, P., & Singh, G. G. (2021). Changing climates in a blue economy: Assessing the climate-responsiveness of Canadian fisheries and oceans policy. Marine Policy, 131, 104623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104623
Des Roches, S., Pendleton, L. H., Shapiro, B., & Palkovacs, E. P. (2021). Conserving intraspecific variation for nature’s contributions to people. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 5(5), 574–582. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01403-5
Eddy, T. D., Lam, V. W. Y., Reygondeau, G., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Greer, K., Palomares, M. L. D., Bruno, J. F., Ota, Y., & Cheung, W. W. L. (2021). Global decline in capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services. One Earth, 4(9), 1278–1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.08.016
Farmery, A. K., Allison, E. H., Andrew, N. L., Troell, M., Voyer, M., Campbell, B., Eriksson, H., Fabinyi, M., Song, A. M., & Steenbergen, D. (2021). Blind spots in visions of a “blue economy” could undermine the ocean’s contribution to eliminating hunger and malnutrition. One Earth, 4(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.12.002
Farrokhi, F., & Mahmoudi-Hamidabad, A. (2012). Rethinking Convenience Sampling: Defining Quality Criteria. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.2.4.784-792
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
Huang, Y., Raza, S. M. F., Hanif, I., Alharthi, M., Abbas, Q., & Zain-ul-Abidin, S. (2020). The role of forest resources, mineral resources, and oil extraction in economic progress of developing Asian economies. Resources Policy, 69, 101878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101878
Hussain, M. G., Failler, P., Karim, A. Al, & Alam, M. K. (2018). Major opportunities of blue economy development in Bangladesh. Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 14(1), 88–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2017.1368250
Keen, M. R., Schwarz, A.-M., & Wini-Simeon, L. (2018). Towards defining the Blue Economy: Practical lessons from pacific ocean governance. Marine Policy, 88, 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.002
Lagasco, F., Collu, M., Mariotti, A., Safier, E., Arena, F., Atack, T., Brizzi, G., Tett, P., Santoro, A., Bourdier, S., Salcedo Fernandez, F., Muggiasca, S., & Larrea, I. (2019, June 9). New Engineering Approach for the Development and Demonstration of a Multi-Purpose Platform for the Blue Growth Economy. Volume 6: Ocean Space Utilization. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2019-96104
Lee, K.-H., Noh, J., & Khim, J. S. (2020a). The Blue Economy and the United Nations’ sustainable development goals: Challenges and opportunities. Environment International, 137, 105528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105528
Lee, K.-H., Noh, J., & Khim, J. S. (2020b). The Blue Economy and the United Nations’ sustainable development goals: Challenges and opportunities. Environment International, 137, 105528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105528
Leposa, N. (2020). Problematic blue growth: a thematic synthesis of social sustainability problems related to growth in the marine and coastal tourism. Sustainability Science, 15(4), 1233–1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-020-00796-9
Lewis, D. J., Yang, X., Moise, D., & Roddy, S. J. (2021). Dynamic synergies between China’s Belt and Road Initiative and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of International Business Policy, 4(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-020-00082-6
Li, L., Ruzzo, C., Collu, M., Gao, Y., Failla, G., & Arena, F. (2020). Analysis of the coupled dynamic response of an offshore floating multi-purpose platform for the Blue Economy. Ocean Engineering, 217, 107943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107943
Liu, W., Wang, G., Yu, M., Chen, H., Jiang, Y., Yang, M., & Shi, Y. (2020). Projecting the future vegetation–climate system over East Asia and its RCP-dependence. Climate Dynamics, 55(9–10), 2725–2742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05411-2
Mundhenk, B. D., Barnes, E. A., Maloney, E. D., & Nardi, K. M. (2016). Modulation of atmospheric rivers near Alaska and the U.S. West Coast by northeast Pacific height anomalies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121(21). https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025350
Nash, K. L., Blythe, J. L., Cvitanovic, C., Fulton, E. A., Halpern, B. S., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Addison, P. F. E., Pecl, G. T., Watson, R. A., & Blanchard, J. L. (2020). To Achieve a Sustainable Blue Future, Progress Assessments Must Include Interdependencies between the Sustainable Development Goals. One Earth, 2(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.01.008
Ostad-Ali-Askari, K. (2022). Management of risks substances and sustainable development. Applied Water Science, 12(4), 65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01562-7
Pace, L. A., Borch, K., & Deidun, A. (2023). Bridging Knowledge Gaps towards 2030: The Use of Foresight for the Strategic Management of a Sustainable Blue Economy. Sustainability, 15(13), 10026. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310026
Queirós, A. M., Talbot, E., Beaumont, N. J., et al. (2021). Bright spots as climate—Smart marine spatial planning tools for conservation and blue growth. Global Change Biology, 27(21), 5514–5531. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15827
Rocliffe, S., Peabody, S., Samoilys, M., & Hawkins, J. P. (2014). Towards A Network of Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMAs) in the Western Indian Ocean. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e103000. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103000
Rönkkö, M., & Cho, E. (2022). An Updated Guideline for Assessing Discriminant Validity. Organizational Research Methods, 25(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428120968614
Rudd, J. M. (n.d.). Factor Analysis and Discriminant Validity: A Brief Review of Some Practical Issues.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Cheah, J.-H., Ting, H., Moisescu, O. I., & Radomir, L. (2020). Structural model robustness checks in PLS-SEM. Tourism Economics, 26(4), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618823921
Sarwar, S. (2022). Impact of energy intensity, green economy and blue economy to achieve sustainable economic growth in GCC countries: Does Saudi Vision 2030 matters to GCC countries. Renewable Energy, 191, 30–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.122
Shrestha, N. (2021). Probit Model Analysis of Tourists’ Revisit Intention to Nepal. OALib, 08(02), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107210
Sigwart, J. D., Blasiak, R., Jaspars, M., Jouffray, J.-B., & Tasdemir, D. (2021). Unlocking the potential of marine biodiscovery. Natural Product Reports, 38(7), 1235–1242. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NP00067A
Stelzenmüller, V., Cormier, R., Gee, K., et al. (2021). Evaluation of marine spatial planning requires fit for purpose monitoring strategies. Journal of Environmental Management, 278, 111545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111545
Tirumala, R. D., & Tiwari, P. (2022). Innovative financing mechanism for blue economy projects. Marine Policy, 139, 104194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104194
Tuli, F. J., Hossain, A., Kibria, A. K. M. F., Tareq, A. R. M., Mamun, S. M. M. A., & Ullah, A. K. M. A. (2020). Removal of methylene blue from water by low-cost activated carbon prepared from tea waste: A study of adsorption isotherm and kinetics. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 14, 100354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100354
van den Burg, S. W. K., Schupp, M. F., Depellegrin, D., Barbanti, A., & Kerr, S. (2020). Development of multi-use platforms at sea: Barriers to realising Blue Growth. Ocean Engineering, 217, 107983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107983
Voyer, M., Quirk, G., McIlgorm, A., & Azmi, K. (2018). Shades of blue: what do competing interpretations of the Blue Economy mean for oceans governance? Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 20(5), 595–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2018.1473153
Wang, Q., Lai, Y. L., Xu, X., & McDowall, A. (2022). The effectiveness of workplace coaching: a meta-analysis of contemporary psychologically informed coaching approaches. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 14(1), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-04-2021-0030
Wenhai, L., Cusack, C., Baker, M., et al. (2019). Successful Blue Economy Examples with an Emphasis on International Perspectives. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.3173
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Maryam Khokhar, Faisal Ejaz, Ali Raza, Zita Júlia Fodor, Md Billal Hossain
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.