low carbon economy; enterprise management model; construction mode; grey digital model

Adaga, E. M., Okorie, G. N., Egieya, Z. E., et al. (2023). The role of big data in business strategy: a critical review. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 4(3), 327–350. Aftab J, Abid N, Cucari N, et al. (2022). Green human resource management and environmental performance: The role of green innovation and environmental strategy in a developing country. Business Strategy and the Environment, 32(4), 1782–1798. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3219 Challoumis, C. (2024). Building A Sustainable Economy-How AI Can Optimize Resource Allocation. In: Proceedings of the XVI International Scientific Conference. pp. 190–224. Chicco D, Warrens MJ, Jurman G. (2021). The coefficient of determination R-squared is more informative than SMAPE, MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE in regression analysis evaluation. PeerJ Computer Science, 7, e623. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.623 Chu W, Vicidomini M, Calise F, et al. (2022). Recent Advances in Low-Carbon and Sustainable, Efficient Technology: Strategies and Applications. Energies, 15(8), 2954. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082954 Drahos, P. (2021). Survival governance: Energy and climate in the Chinese century. Oxford University Press, USA. Gökalp MO, Gökalp E, Kayabay K, et al. Data-driven manufacturing: An assessment model for data science maturity. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 2021; 60: 527–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.07.011 Gölgeci I, Gligor DM, Bayraktar E, et al. (2023). Reimagining global value chains in the face of extreme events and contexts: Recent insights and future research opportunities. Journal of Business Research, 160, 113721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113721 Han, Y., Han, X., & Wen, W. (2023). Construction of low-carbon economic enterprise management mode based on grey digital model. Springer Nature. Unpublished work. Hariram NP, Mekha KB, Suganthan V, et al. (2023). Sustainalism: An Integrated Socio-Economic-Environmental Model to Address Sustainable Development and Sustainability. Sustainability, 15(13), 10682. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310682 Ibn-Mohammed T, Mustapha KB, Godsell J, et al. (2021). A critical analysis of the impacts of COVID-19 on the global economy and ecosystems and opportunities for circular economy strategies. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 164, 105169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105169 Islam T, Islam R, Pitafi AH, et al. (2021). The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty: The mediating role of corporate reputation, customer satisfaction, and trust. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.07.019 Javanmardi E, Liu S, Xie N. Exploring the Challenges to Sustainable Development from the Perspective of Grey Systems Theory. Systems. 2023; 11(2): 70. doi: 10.3390/systems11020070 Jayatilake, S. M. D. A. C., & Ganegoda, G. U. (2021). Involvement of Machine Learning Tools in Healthcare Decision Making. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2021, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6679512 Khanzode, A. G., Sarma, P. R. S., Mangla, S. K., et al. (2021). Modeling the Industry 4.0 adoption for sustainable production in Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123489 Klymchuk, O. (2021). Modern enterprise management models. International Journal of Management and Economics, 67(1), 45–57. Li, F., Xu, X., Li, Z., et al. (2021). Can low-carbon technological innovation truly improve enterprise performance? The case of Chinese manufacturing companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 293, 125949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125949 Li, J., Wang, Y., Zi, Y., et al. (2022). Whitening-Net: A Generalized Network to Diagnose the Faults Among Different Machines and Conditions. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 33(10), 5845–5858. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3071564 Li, X., Wu, X., & Zhao, Y. (2023). Research and application of multi-variable grey optimization model with interactive effects in marine emerging industries prediction. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187, 122203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122203 Liu, Y. (2020). Exploring the connotation of low-carbon economy. Environmental Economics, 11(3), 67–75. Luo, J., Zhuo, W., Liu, S., & Xu, B. (2024). The optimization of carbon emission prediction in low carbon energy economy under big data. IEEE Access. Magno, F., Cassia, F., & Ringle, C. M. (2024). A brief review of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) use in quality management studies. The TQM Journal, 36(5), 1242–1251. https://doi.org/10.1108/tqm-06-2022-0197 Mierzwiak, R. (2024). Methodological Aspects of Grey Systems Theory in Management Research. In: Series on Grey System. Springer Nature Singapore. pp. 33–60. Ogbu, A. D., Iwe, K. A., Ozowe, W., & Ikevuje, A. H. (2024). Geostatistical concepts for regional pore pressure mapping and prediction. Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 20(1), 105–117. Okujeni, S., & Egert, U. (2023). Structural Modularity Tunes Mesoscale Criticality in Biological Neuronal Networks. The Journal of Neuroscience, 43(14), 2515–2526. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1420-22.2023 Ozkan, S., Romagnoli, S., & Rossi, P. (2023). A novel approach to rating SMEs’ environmental performance: Bridging the ESG gap. Ecological Indicators, 157, 111151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111151 Rajagopal, N. K., Saini, M., Huerta-Soto, R., et al. (2022). Human Resource Demand Prediction and Configuration Model Based on Grey Wolf Optimization and Recurrent Neural Network. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2022, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5613407 Salvi, M., Jensen, K., Stoermer, E., et al. (2022). Towards a green & digital future. Publications Office of the European Union. Sarker, I. H. (2021). Data Science and Analytics: An Overview from Data-Driven Smart Computing, Decision-Making and Applications Perspective. SN Computer Science, 2(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00765-8 Sun, X. (2023). Sustainable Development Integration in Coal Trading Company: Strategies, Challenges, and Societal Implications [Master’s thesis]. ISCTE-Instituto Universitario de Lisboa. Tiep Le, T., Ngo, H. Q., & Aureliano-Silva, L. (2023). Contribution of corporate social responsibility on SMEs’ performance in an emerging market – the mediating roles of brand trust and brand loyalty. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(8), 1868–1891. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-12-2020-1516 Woon, K. S., Phuang, Z. X., Taler, J., et al. (2023). Recent advances in urban green energy development towards carbon emissions neutrality. Energy, 267, 126502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126502 Xu, P., Chen, L., & Dai, H. (2022). Pathways to Sustainable Development: Corporate Digital Transformation and Environmental Performance in China. Sustainability, 15(1), 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010256 Yang, X., Guo, Y., Liu, Q., et al. (2022). Dynamic Co-evolution analysis of low-carbon technology innovation compound system of new energy enterprise based on the perspective of sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 349, 131330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131330 Yang, Z. (2019). Friendship-based enterprise management model: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Management Science, 15(2), 87–99. Yousuf, M. U., Al-Bahadly, I., & Avci, E. (2021). A modified GM(1,1) model to accurately predict wind speed. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 43, 100905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100905 Zhang, H. (2020). Warmth-based enterprise management: Strengths and limitations. International Business Review, 25(1), 123–134. Zhang, T., Shi, Z.-Z., Shi, Y.-R., et al. (2021). Enterprise digital transformation and production efficiency: mechanism analysis and empirical research. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 35(1), 2781–2792. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2021.1980731 Zhang, Z., Hu, G., Mu, X., et al. (2022). From low carbon to carbon neutrality: A bibliometric analysis of the status, evolution and development trend. Journal of Environmental Management, 322, 116087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116087 Zou, C., Xue, H., Xiong, B., et al. (2021). Connotation, innovation and vision of “carbon neutrality.” Natural Gas Industry B, 8(5), 523–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ngib.2021.08.009