The hospital is a complex system, which evolving practices, knowledge, tools, and risks. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge about risks at Hassan II Hospital among healthcare workers (HCWs) working in three COVID-19 units. The action-research method was adopted to address occupational risks associated with the pandemic. The study involved 82 healthcare professionals in the three COVID-19 units mentioned above. All participants stated they were familiar with hospital risks. Seventy-four HCPs reported no knowledge of how to calculate risk criticality, while eight mentioned the Occurrence rating, Severity rating, and Detection rating (OSD) method, considering Occurrence rating, Severity rating, and Detection rating as key elements for risk classification. Staff indicated that managing COVID-19 patients differs from other pathologies due to the pandemic’s evolving protocols. There is a significant lack of information among healthcare professionals about risks associated with COVID-19, highlighting the need for a hospital risk management plan at a subsequent stage.

Aleanizy, F. S., and Alqahtani, F. Y. (2022). Risk management and infection control preparedness of Saudi healthcare facilities to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. IJID Regions, 3, 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.04.005

Anawade, P. A., Sharma, D., and Gahane, S. (2024). A Comprehensive Review on Exploring the Impact of Telemedicine on Healthcare Accessibility. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.55996

Burrowes, S. A. B., Casey, S. M., Pierre-Joseph, N., Talbot, S. G., Hall, T., Christian-Brathwaite, N., Del-Carmen, M., Garofalo, C., Lundberg, B., Mehta, P. K., Mottl-Santiago, J., Schechter-Perkins, E. M., Weber, A., Yarrington, C. D., and Perkins, R. B. (2023). COVID-19 pandemic impacts on mental health, burnout, and longevity in the workplace among healthcare workers: A mixed methods study. Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice, 32, 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjep.2023.100661

Casey, M., Coghlan, D., Carroll, Á., Stokes, D., Roberts, K., and Hynes, G. (2021). Application of action research in the field of healthcare: A scoping review protocol. HRB Open Research, 4, 46. https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13276.2

Chaudhary, R., Rohilla, M., Chauhan, S., Saini, M., Aman, S., Singla, H., Bibi, A., Ahmed, S., Shriwastav, S., Kaur, N., Dev, J., Chalotra, R., Singh, T. G., and Mehta, S. (2023). The pandemic’s unseen wounds: COVID-19’s profound effects on mental health. Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 85(10), 4954–4963. https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000001223

Chetterje, P. (2020). Gaps in India’s preparedness for COVID-19 control. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(5), 544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30300-5

Clarkson, J., Dean, J., Ward, J., Komashie, A., and Bashford, T. (2018). A systems approach to healthcare: From thinking to ­practice. Future Healthcare Journal, 5(3), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.7861/futurehosp.5-3-151

Clement David-Olawade, A., Olawade, D. B., Ojo, I. O., Famujimi, M. E., Olawumi, T. T., and Esan, D. T. (2024). Nursing in the Digital Age: Harnessing telemedicine for enhanced patient care. Informatics and Health, 1(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoh.2024.07.003

Covidmaroc. (2024). Retrieved August 5, 2024, from https://www.covidmaroc.ma/Pages/AccueilAR.aspx

De Kock, J. H., Latham, H. A., Leslie, S. J., Grindle, M., Munoz, S.-A., Ellis, L., Polson, R., and O’Malley, C. M. (2021). A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: Implications for supporting psychological well-being. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10070-3

El Dabbah, N. A., and Elhadi, Y. A. M. (2023). High levels of burnout among health professionals treating COVID-19 patients in two Nile basin countries with limited resources. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 6455. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-33399-2

Elliott, R., Crowe, L., Abbenbroek, B., Grattan, S., and Hammond, N. E. (2022). Critical care health professionals’ self-reported needs for wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic: A thematic analysis of survey responses. Australian Critical Care, 35(1), 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.08.007

Elliott, R., Crowe, L., Pollock, W., and Hammond, N. E. (2023). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on critical care healthcare professionals’ work practices and wellbeing: A qualitative study. Australian Critical Care, 36(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2022.10.001

Filip, R., Gheorghita Puscaselu, R., Anchidin-Norocel, L., Dimian, M., and Savage, W. K. (2022). Global Challenges to Public Health Care Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Pandemic Measures and Problems. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(8), 1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081295

Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Singh, R. P., and Suman, R. (2021). Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications. Sensors International, 2, 100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100117

Hébert, M., Jean-Thorn, A., and Fortin, L. (2022). History of trauma and COVID-19-related psychological distress and PTSD. Psychiatry Research Communications, 2(4), 100092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100092

Järvinen, P. (2005). Action research as an approach in design science. https://trepo.tuni.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/65385/D-2005-2.pdf?sequence=1

Johnson, K. D., Harris, C., Cain, J. K., Hummer, C., Goyal, H., and Perisetti, A. (2020). Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 526. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00526

Laércio De Araújo Sousa, M., S Shimizu, I., M Patino, C., A. Torres-Duque, C., Zabert, I., E Zabert, G., Perez-Padilla, R., Varón-Vega, F., Cohen, M., and C Ferreira, J. (2022). COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices among health care workers in Latin America. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, e20220018. https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20220018

Law 09-08 on the Protection of Individuals with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data, Pub. L. No. 5714, 09–08 345 (209 C.E.). https://www.dgssi.gov.ma/fr/loi-09-08-relative-la-protection-des-personnes-physiques-legard-du-traitement-des

Limoges, J., Mclean, J., Anzola, D., and Kolla, N. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Providers: Policy Implications for Pandemic Recovery. Healthcare Policy | Politiques de Santé, 17(3), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.12927/hcpol.2022.26728

Mansour, R., Rallapalli, S., Baidwan, H. K., Razai, M. S., and Abou-Abbas, L. (2022). Knowledge and experience of physicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A global cross-sectional study. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(7), e0000639. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000639

Masters, J. (1995). The history of action research. First Published. http://fionawangstudio.com/ddcontent/Web/action_research/readings/Masters_1995_history%20of%20action%20research.pdf

Mboua, C. P., Keubo, F. R. N., and Fouaka, S. G. N. (2021). Anxiété et dépression associées à la prise en charge de la COVID-19 chez les personnels de santé au Cameroun. L’Évolution Psychiatrique, 86(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evopsy.2020.11.002

Mistri, I. U., Badge, A., and Shahu, S. (2023). Enhancing Patient Safety Culture in Hospitals. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51159

Mueller, J. T., Merdjanoff, A., McConnell, K., Burow, P., and Farrell, J. (2022). Elevated serious psychological distress, economic disruption, and the COVID-19 pandemic in the nonmetropolitan American West. Preventive Medicine, 155, 106919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106919

Naseer, S., Khalid, S., Parveen, S., Abbass, K., Song, H., and Achim, M. V. (2023). COVID-19 outbreak: Impact on global economy. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1009393. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009393

Nashwan, A. J., Mathew, R. G., Anil, R., Allobaney, N. F., Nair, S. K., Mohamed, A. S., Abujaber, A. A., Balouchi, A., and Fradelos, E. C. (2023). The safety, health, and well-being of healthcare workers during COVID-19: A scoping review. AIMS Public Health, 10(3), 593–609. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2023042

Nguyen, L. H., Drew, D. A., Joshi, A. D., Guo, C.-G., Ma, W., Mehta, R. S., Sikavi, D. R., Lo, C.-H., Kwon, S., Song, M., Mucci, L. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Eliassen, A. H., Hart, J. E., Chavarro, J. E., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Davies, R., Capdevila, J., … On behalf of the COPE Consortium. (2020). Risk of COVID-19 among frontline healthcare workers and the general community: A prospective cohort study. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.29.20084111

Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., and Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018

Nittari, G., Savva, D., Tomassoni, D., Tayebati, S. K., and Amenta, F. (2022). Telemedicine in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review Based on Current Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5101. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095101

Oakman, J., Kinsman, N., Graham, M., Stuckey, R., and Weale, V. (2022). Strategies to manage working from home during the pandemic: The employee experience. Industrial Health, 60(4), 319–333. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2022-0042

Pietromonaco, P. R., and Overall, N. C. (2022). Implications of social isolation, separation, and loss during the COVID-19 pandemic for couples’ relationships. Current Opinion in Psychology, 43, 189–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.07.014

Scuri, S., Tesauro, M., Petrelli, F., Argento, N., Damasco, G., Cangelosi, G., Nguyen, C. T. T., Savva, D., and Grappasonni, I. (2022). Use of an Online Platform to Evaluate the Impact of Social Distancing Measures on Psycho-Physical Well-Being in the COVID-19 Era. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116805

Shokri, F., Bahrainian, S., Tajik, F., Rezvani, E., Shariati, A., Nourigheimasi, S., Shahrebabaki, E. S., Ebrahimi, M., Shamoon, F., and Heidary, M. (2023). The potential role of telemedicine in the infectious disease pandemic with an emphasis on COVID‐19: A narrative review. Health Science Reports, 6(1), e1024. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1024

Srivastava, A., Bala, R., Devi, T. P., and Anal, L. (2023). Psychological trauma and depression in recovered COVID-19 patients: A telecommunication based observational study. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0381

WHO. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on people’s livelihoods, their health and our food systems. https://www.who.int/news/item/13-10-2020-impact-of-covid-19-on-people’s-livelihoods-their-health-and-our-food-systems

WHO. (2021). Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021–2030. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/patient-safety

WHO. (2024). COVID-19 deaths | WHO COVID-19 dashboard. Datadot. https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/cases