The correlation between social class and public health: The mediating role of health self-management

Rakan Alhrahsheh, Shirin S. AlOdwan, Ashraf Alazab, Amoura Hassan Aboutaleb, Ayman Alkhaldy

Article ID: 8717
Vol 8, Issue 13, 2024

VIEWS - 16 (Abstract) 4 (PDF)

Abstract


The relationship between health and social class has been a topic of research for many years. However, the exact mechanism linking them with health self-management is still not completely clear. The main indicators of the independent variable social class are income and education level. The study used a descriptive approach using a social survey method, and collected data from a random sample of 699 individuals from the northern region of Jordan. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and EOMS, and we performed regression analysis and Pearson correlation test to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results show a positive relationship between social class and health, with lower social classes producing unfavorable health. Although the health self-management of the lower social class has access to good food and self-evaluation, they are less able to provide health care compared to the upper class. Thus, this discrepancy contributes to health inequalities between members of the upper and lower social classes.


Keywords


social class; health; health inequality; socio-cultural Self model

Full Text:

PDF


References


Al Marar M, Al Murar B. The Impact of Social Media on The Social Values: Field Study on UAE society. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences 2024; 1(2): 77-90. https://doi.org/10.62583/27rggd23

Alkhaldy, A. The impacts of higher education institutions on sustainable development: A field Study. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences 2024; 1(2): 131-143. https://doi.org/10.62583/8fy7rv14

Almansoori K. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Learning Motivation for Deaf Students the Perspective of Teachers. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences 2024; 1(1): 18-37. https://ijss.pierreonline.uk/index.php/j/article/view/5

Alqwatahiay A. The Effect of the Social Environment on Juvenile Delinquency in Emirati Society: A Field Study. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences 2024; 1(2): 91-104. https://doi.org/10.62583/f4wp9x23

Alsani, E. The role of universities in spreading a culture of tolerance: an empirical study. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences 2024; 1(2): 144-157. https://doi.org/10.62583/49gtv131

Arslan, M., Fatima, U., Bhutta, M., & Rasool, M. G. (2024). Perception in Uniform: A Study of Police Attitudes towards the Transgender Community in Pakistan. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences 2024; 1(2): 105-118.

Bambra C, Gibson M, Sowden A, at el. Tackling the wider social determinants of health and health inequalities: evidence from systematic reviews. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2010; 64(4): 284-291.‏

Bourdieu P, Wacquant L. Symbolic capital and social classes. Journal of classical sociology2013; 13(2): 292-302.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X12468736

Carter J, Fuller C. 2015. Symbolic interactionism. Sociopedia 2015; 1(1): 1-17.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/205684601561

Chalari, A. The sociology of the individual: Relating self and society. The Sociology of the Individual 2016; 208.‏ https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714586

Chalari, A. The sociology of the individual: Relating self and society. The Sociology of the Individual 2016; 1-208.‏ https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529714586

Charmaz K, Harris R, Irvine, L. The social self and everyday life: Understanding the world through symbolic interactionism. John Wiley & Sons 2019; ISBN: 978-1-118-64533-8‏

Feng Y. The operational definitions of social class and the related issues in psychological research. Journal of Psychological Science 2020; (2): 505-511.‏

Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nature medicine 2019; 25(12): 1822-1832

Geiger, R. L. Philadelphia gentlemen: The making of a national upper class. Routledge. 2017; 466.

Hood, C. M., Gennuso, K. P., Swain, G. R., & Catlin, B. B. (2016). County health rankings: relationships between determinant factors and health outcomes. American journal of preventive medicine 2015; 50(2): 129-135.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.024

https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.082743

https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300544

Hu X, Wang T, Huang D, Wang Y. Impact of social class on health: The mediating role of health self-management. Plos one 2021; 16(7): e0254692.‏ https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254692

Jackman R, Jackman W. Class awareness in the United States. Univ of California Press 2022.‏ https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.8085265

Krieger, N. Methods for the scientific study of discrimination and health: an ecosocial approach. American journal of public health 2012; 102(5): 936-944.‏

Kruk E, Gage D, Arsenault C, Jordan K at el. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. The Lancet global health 2018; 6(11): e1196-e1252.‏

Lange P, Marott L, Vestbo J. Prediction of the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using the new GOLD classification: a study of the general population. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2012; 186(10): 975-981.‏ https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201207-1299OC

Mackey, L. M., Doody, C., Werner, E. L., & Fullen, B. Self-management skills in chronic disease management: what role does health literacy have? Medical Decision Making 2016; 36(6): 741-759.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X16638330

Margaret k, Anna Gage, Catherine A. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. The Lancet global health 2018; 6(11): e1196-e1252.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3

Margaret k, Anna Gage, Catherine A. High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution. The Lancet global health 2018; 6(11): e1196-e1252.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3

Marmot, M. (2015). The health gap: the challenge of an unequal world. The Lancet 2015; 386(10011): 2442-2444.‏

Marmot, M., Allen, J., Bell, R., Bloomer, E., & Goldblatt, P. (2012). WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide. The Lancet, 380(9846), 1011-1029.‏

Meara G, Leather J, Hagander L, at el. Global Surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development. The lancet 2015; 386(9993): 569-624.‏

Mirowsky, J. Education, social status, and health. 1st Edition, Routledge. 2017; 242. ‏ https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351328081

Modonesi M, Vela G, Loría V. (Eds.). (2022). The concept of social class in contemporary marxist theory. Ibidem; 2022 pp 69-91.‏

Murakami, K., Kuriyama, S., & Hashimoto, H. Economic, cognitive, and social paths of education to health-related behaviors: evidence from a population-based study in Japan. Environmental health and preventive medicine 2023; 28: 9-9.‏ https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00178

Nesbitt S, Palomarez E. (2016). Increasing awareness and education on health disparities for health care providers. Ethnicity & disease 2016; 26(2): 181.‏ https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.26.2.181

Pickett E., Wilkinson G. Income inequality and health: a causal review. Social science & medicine 2015; 128, 316-326.‏

Piff K, Kraus W, Côté S. Having less, giving more: the influence of social class on prosocial behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology 2010; 99(5): 771–784.‏ https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020092

Rizzo M, Schiffrin H, Liss M. Insight into the parenthood paradox: Mental health outcomes of intensive mothering. Journal of child and family studies 2013; 22: 614-620.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9615-z

Rizzo M, Schiffrin, H, Liss M. Insight into the parenthood paradox: Mental health outcomes of intensive mothering. Journal of child and family studies 2013; 22: 614-620.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9615-z

Sandifer A, Sutton-Grier E, Ward P. Exploring connections among nature, biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being: Opportunities to enhance health and biodiversity conservation. Ecosystem services 2015; l 12: 1-15.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.12.007.

Serpe T, Stryker S. The symbolic interactionist perspective and identity theory. In Handbook of identity theory and research. New York, NY: Springer New York 2011; 225-248.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7988-9_10

Speer W, Hughey J. Community organizing: An ecological route to empowerment and power. American journal of community psychology 1995; 23(5): 729-748.‏ https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506989.

Stets E, Carter J. A theory of the self for the sociology of morality. American Sociological Review 2012; 77(1): 120-140.‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122411433762

Stormacq C, Van d, Broucke, S, Wosinski, J. Does health literacy mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health disparities? Integrative review. Health promotion international 2019; 34(5): e1-e17.‏ https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day062

Townsend P, Davidson N. Inequalities in health. In Classic and Contemporary Readings in Sociology, Routledge; 2014, pp. 202-209.‏

Ullah R, Naz A, Wadood A. (2024). International Migration of Father and Academic Performance of Children Left Behind: A Case Study of Dir Lower. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences 2024; 1(1), 38-52. https://ijss.pierreonline.uk/index.php/j/article/view/6

Vaupel, J. W. (2010). Biodemography of human ageing. Nature, 2010; 464(7288): 536-542.‏ https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08984.

Warner L, Meeker M, Eells K. Social class in America. In Social Stratification, Class, Race, and Gender in Sociological Perspective, Second Edition, Routledge; 2019 pp. 240-247.

WHO. (2023). Self-care interventions for health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/self-care#tab=tab_1

Wilkinson G. The impact of inequality: How to make sick societies healthier. Routledge. 2020; 364. ‏ https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003060505.

Williams R, Mohammed A, Leavell J. Race, socioeconomic status, and health: complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010; 1186(1): 69-101.‏ https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05339.x

Zubair A, Zhang L, Myint M. Contaminated Water Effects on Human Health: A Case of Pakistan. Intercontinental Journal of Social Sciences 2024; 1(1): 53-68. https://ijss.pierreonline.uk/index.php/j/article/view/7




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd8717

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Rakan Alhrahsheh, Shirin S. AlOdwan, Ashraf Alazab, Amoura Hassan Aboutaleb, Ayman Alkhaldy

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.