forest conservation; fear of ghosts; social conditioning; rituals

Agrawal, A., & Gibson, C. C. (1999). Enchantment and Disenchantment: The Role of Community in Natural Resource Conservation. World Development, 27(4), 629-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00161-2 Bauer, D. H. (1976). An exploratory study of developmental changes in children’s fears. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17(1), 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00375.x Bell, M. M. (1997). The ghosts of place. Theory and Society, 26(6), 813-836. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006888230610 Börner, J., Schulz, D., Wunder, S., et al. (2020). The Effectiveness of Forest Conservation Policies and Programs. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 12(1), 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-110119-025703 Bourke, J. (2007). Fear: A cultural history. Counterpoint. Caputo, G. B., Lynn, S. J., & Houran, J. (2020). Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 40(4), 418–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276236620969632 Cavendish, R. (2023). The Powers of Evil. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003363743 Colfer, C. J. P., & Byron, Y. (2001). People managing forests: the links between human well-being and sustainability. Routledge. Creswell, J. W. (2021). A concise introduction to mixed methods research. SAGE publications. Dagnall, N., Drinkwater, K. G., O’Keeffe, C., et al. (2020). Things That Go Bump in the Literature: An Environmental Appraisal of “Haunted Houses.” Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01328 Furedi, F. (2018). How fear works: Culture of fear in the twenty-first century. Bloomsbury Publishing. Garrett, R. D., Levy, S. A., Gollnow, F., et al. (2021). Have food supply chain policies improved forest conservation and rural livelihoods? A systematic review. Environmental Research Letters, 16(3), 033002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abe0ed Goldstein, D. E., Grider, S. A., & Thomas, J. B. (2007). Haunting Experiences. University Press of Colorado, Utah State University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt4cgmqg Häggström, M. (2019). Being in the forest—A matter of cultural connections with a natural environment. PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET, 1(3), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10056 Halla, T., Holz, J., Karhunkorva, R., et al. (2023). The concept of the human-forest relationship (HFR) – Definition and potentials for forest policy research. Forest Policy and Economics, 153, 102995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2023.102995 Houran, J., & Lange, R. (2001). Hauntings and Poltergeists: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. McFarland&Co. Houran, J., & Laythe, B. (2022). Case Study of Recognition Patterns in Haunted People Syndrome. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.879163 Ibrahim, A. H. H., Baharuddin, T., & Wance, M. (2023). Developing a Forest City in a New Capital City: A Thematic Analysis of the Indonesian Government’s Plans. Jurnal Bina Praja, 15(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.15.2023.1-13 Lange, R., Houran, J., Sheridan, L., et al. (2020). Haunted people syndrome revisited: empirical parallels between subjective paranormal episodes and group-stalking accounts. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 23(7), 532–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2020.1767552 Laythe, B., Houran, J., & Dagnall, N. (2022). Ghosted!: Exploring the Haunting Reality of Paranormal Encounters. McFarland. Liss, L. F. (2019). The Social Conditioning of Occupational Choice. Social Stratification and Mobility in the USSR, 275–288. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315172170-14 Lukman, K. M., Uchiyama, Y., & Kohsaka, R. (2021). Sustainable aquaculture to ensure coexistence: Perceptions of aquaculture farmers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 213, 105839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105839 Maru, Y., Gebrekirstos, A., & Haile, G. (2020). Indigenous ways of environmental protection in Gedeo community, Southern Ethiopia: A socio-ecological perspective. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 6(1), 1766732. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2020.1766732 McCorristine, S. (2009). Spectres of the Self: Thinking about Ghosts and Ghost-Seeing in England, 1750–1920. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511779749 Narmashiri, A., Hatami, J., & Khosrowabadi, R. (2024). The role of dual mechanism control in paranormal beliefs: Evidence from behavioral and electrical stimulation studies. Cogent Psychology, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2024.2316415 Nguyen, M. D., Do, T. L., Do, T. T. H., et al. (2024). Effect of payment for forest ecosystem services on forest conservation practices in Vietnam. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(5), 5254. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i5.5254 Peluso, N. L. (2023). Rich Forests, Poor People. Available online: https://chooser.crossref.org/?doi=10.2307%2Fjj.5973058 (accessed on 3 May 2024). Rahayu, S., Sakuntaladewi, N., Sumirat, B. K., et al. (2024). The Role of Local Governments in Supporting Social Forestry Implementation in Indonesia: A Social Network Analysis and Evidence from Eastern Indonesia. Forest and Society, 8(1), 154–178. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.28524 Ramadhany, N. (2023). Forest Deforestation Rate Due to Mining Activities in East Kalimantan Province (Indonesian). Jurnal Rekayasa Hijau, 7(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.v7i1.10-19 Ritter, E., & Dauksta, D. (2012). Human–forest relationships: ancient values in modern perspectives. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 15(3), 645–662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-012-9398-9 Roullière, A. (2022). Mocking the Fear of Ghosts in Ronsard’s Hymnes (1555–1556). French Studies, 76(4), 519–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/knac200 Scott, J. C. (1999). Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300252989 Sinthumule, N. I., & Mashau, M. L. (2020). Traditional ecological knowledge and practices for forest conservation in Thathe Vondo in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e00910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00910 Skår, M. (2010). Forest dear and forest fear: Dwellers’ relationships to their neighbourhood forest. Landscape and Urban Planning, 98(2), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.07.017 Stepanchuk, C., & Wong, C. C. (1991). Mooncakes and hungry ghosts: Festivals of China. China Books. Sullivan-Bolyai, S. L., & Bova, C. A. (2021). Qualitative description: A “how-to” guide. Lamar Soutter Library, UMass Chan Medical School. UUAdeniyi, D. T. (2021). The use of Indigenous Knowledge in Forest Management by the Aboriginal People in Ogun State, Nigeria [Master’s thesis]. Wageningen University and Research. Van Eyghen, H. (2023). The Epistemology of Spirit Beliefs. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003281139 Viedra, G. G. Z., & Sukojo, B. M. (2023). Analysis of The Effect of Deforestation Rates on Air Pollution Concentration and Land Surface Temperature Using Landsat-8 Imagery with Google Earth Engine (Case Study: East Kalimantan Province, 2019-2020). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1127(1), 012032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1127/1/012032 West, T. A. P., Wunder, S., Sills, E. O., et al. (2023). Action needed to make carbon offsets from forest conservation work for climate change mitigation. Science, 381(6660), 873–877. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ade3535 Yusnikusumah, T. R., Mukhlisi, M., Sari, U. K., et al. (2024). Environmental management effort of ex-coal mining pit (void) in the new capital city of Indonesia (IKN). In: Proceedings of the International conference on engineering and computer science (ICECS) 2022: The Use of Innovative Technology in Accelerating Problems Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0204989