social media; public administration; public administrator; corruption; governance framework

Abrams, E. M., & Greenhawt, M. (2020). Risk Communication During COVID-19. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 8(6), 1791–1794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2020.04.012 Ades, A. S. (2023). Social Media Evolution in Saudi Arabia: An Analysis of Growth and Impact in The Past Decade. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 58(2). Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001 Besley, T., & Prat, A. (2006). Handcuffs for the Grabbing Hand? Media Capture and Government Accountability. American Economic Review, 96(3), 720–736. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.720 Birkland, T. A. (2019). An introduction to the policy process: Theories, concepts, and models of public policy making. Routledge. Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. (2003). A free press is bad news for corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7–8), 1801–1824. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2727(01)00186-4 Bryer, T. A., & Zavattaro, S. M. (2011). Social media and public administration: Theoretical dimensions and introduction to the symposium. Administrative theory & praxis, 33(3), 325–340. Castro, C., & Lopes, I. C. (2022). E-Government as a Tool in Controlling Corruption. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2022.2076695 Criado, J. I., & Rojas-Martín, F. (2016). Adopting Social Media in the Local Level of Government: Towards a Public Administration 2.0? In: Sobaci, M. (editor). Social Media and Local Governments. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17722-9_8 Demircioglu, M. A., & Chen, C. A. (2019). Public employees’ use of social media: Its impact on need satisfaction and intrinsic work motivation. Government Information Quarterly, 36(1), 51–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.11.008 DePaula, N., Dincelli, E., & Harrison, T. M. (2018). Toward a typology of government socialmedia communication: Democratic goals, symbolic acts and self-presentation. Government Information Quarterly 2018, 35(1): 98–108. Färdigh, M. A. (2013). What’s the Use of a Free Media? Available online: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/34302 (accessed on 2 May 2024). Feeney, M. K., & Porumbescu, G. (2021). The limits of social media for public administration research and practice. Public Administration Review, 81(4), 787–792. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13276 Figueira, Á., & Oliveira, L. (2017). The current state of fake news: challenges and opportunities. Procedia Computer Science, 121, 817–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.106 Ghanadpour, S. H., & Shokouhyar, S. (2021). Using Social Media in Open Innovation: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Advances in Information Technology, 12(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.12720/jait.12.1.51-59 Gómez Díaz de León, C. & de la Garza-Montemayor, D. J. (2023). Social networks and public administration: The challenges and opportunities of governments in the era of digital communication. Universitas XX1, 39, 79-101. https://doi.org/10.17163/uni.n39.2023.04 Greenberg, M. R., & Palenchar, M. J. (2012). Social media in disaster response: Framing the research agenda. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 20(4), 675–687. Hawking, S. (2016). A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. Bantam Books. Higgins, E. T. (2004). Making a Theory Useful: Lessons Handed Down. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8(2), 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0802_7 Jha, C. K., & Sarangi, S. (2017). Does social media reduce corruption? Information Economics and Policy, 39, 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2017.04.001 Kapoor, K. K., Tamilmani, K., Rana, N. P., et al. (2018). Advances in Social Media Research: Past, Present and Future. Information Systems Frontiers, 20(3), 531–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-017-9810-y Karakiza, M. (2015). The impact of social media in the public sector. Procedia-social and behavioral Sciences, 175, 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1214 Knox, C. C. (2013). Public Administrators’ Use of Social Media Platforms. Administration & Society, 48(4), 477–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713503463 Lee, M., & Elser, L. E. (2010). The Nine Commandments of Social Media in Public Administration: A Dual-Generation Perspective. Available online: https://patimes.org/the-nine-commandments-of-social-media-in-public-administration-a-dual-generation-perspective/ (accessed on 11 May 2024). Lonescu, L. (2016). E-government and social media as effective tools in controlling corruption in public administration. Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 11(1), 66–72. Mahajan-Cusack, L. (2016). The impact of social media on local government transparency and citizen engagement [PhD thesis]. Rutgers University. Mergel, I. (2012). The social media innovation challenge in the public sector. Information Polity, 17(3,4), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.3233/ip-2012-000281 Merriam-Webster. (2019). Definition of THEORY. Available online: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/theory (accessed on 2 July 2023). Norris, D. F., & Reddick, C. G. (2013). Local e‐government in the United States: Transformation or incremental change? Public Administration Review, 73(1), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02647.x Norris, P. (2006). The Role of the Free Press in Promoting Democratization, Good Governance and Human Development 10. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/2749253/The_Role_of_the_Free_Press_in_Promoting_Democratization_Good_Governance_and_Human_Development10 (accessed on 11 May 2024). Nugraha, A., & Ummi Salamah. (2021). Social Media Usage Among Government Public Relations Practitioners of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210531.003 Persily, N. (2017). The 2016 U.S. Election: Can democracy survive the Internet? Journal of Democracy, 28(2), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2017.0025 Riccucci, N. M., & Van Ryzin, G. G. (2017). The limits of social media for public administration research & practice. Administration & Society, 49(4), 499–522. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399716648505 Sarjito, A. (2023). The Influence of Social Media on Public Administration. Jurnal Terapan Pemerintahan Minangkabau, 106–117. https://doi.org/10.33701/jtpm.v3i2.3378 Schausil, W. (2019). U4 Anti-Corruption Helpdesk Media and anti-corruption. Available online: https://knowledgehub.transparency.org/assets/uploads/helpdesk/media-and-corruption_2019.pdf (accessed on 2 June 2013). Shaher, M. A. A., & Radwan, A. F. (2022). The Role of Social Media in Government Communication during Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of KSA. Journal of Emergency Management and Disaster Communications, 3(02), 131–150. http://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2022.1010024 Shi, W., & Medina, P. (2021). Implementing Social Media: Practical Reflections from County Governments During Hurricane Matthew. International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age (IJPADA), 8(1), 1–18. http://doi.org/10.4018/IJPADA.20210101.oa8 Shim, D. C., & Eom, T. H. (2008). E-Government and Anti-Corruption: Empirical Analysis of International Data. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(3), 298–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690701590553 Singh, A. K., & Sahu, R. (2008). Integrating Internet, telephones, and call centers for delivering better quality e-governance to all citizens. Government Information Quarterly, 25(3), 477–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2007.01.001 Špaček, D. (2018). Social Media Use in Public Administration: The Case of Facebook Use by Czech Regions. NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 11(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0019 Tang, Z., Chen, L., Zhou, Z., et al. (2019). The effects of social media use on control of corruption and moderating role of cultural tightness-looseness. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.001 Whitworth, E. (2022). What Makes a Good Theory? 3 Traits It Must Have. Available online: https://www.shortform.com/blog/what-makes-a-good-theory/ (accessed on 25 June 2023). Wukich, C., & Mergel, I. (2016). Reusing social media information in government. Government Information Quarterly, 33(2), 305–312. Zavattaro, S. M. (2013). Social Media in Public Administration’s Future. Administration & Society, 45(2), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713481602 Zhang, C., Fan, C., Yao, W., et al. (2019). Social media for intelligent public information and warning in disasters: An interdisciplinary review. International Journal of Information Management, 49, 190–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.04.004 Zhang, M., & Sapiev, A. (2024). Review of the Factors Leading to Corruption in Russia. International Journal of Law and Politics Studies, 6(3), 145–163. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2024.6.3.13