Current study examines the intervening role of team creativity for the relationship of four kinds of KM practice with innovation and the moderating effect of proactiveness in IT companies based on a Knowledge-Based View (KBV). Data was collected from 316 employees of IT companies who engage in software development in teams with the help of a simple random sampling method. Results indicate that KM practices have a positive impact on innovation. Also, team creativity plays mediating role in the relation of two KM practices i.e., knowledge sharing and knowledge application with innovation. Whereas proactiveness plays a positive moderating role in the relation of knowledge application and knowledge generation with innovation. Moreover, it plays a negative moderating role in relation of Knowledge sharing with innovation. This research adds to the body of literature by suggesting a framework of knowledge diffusion, knowledge storage, knowledge generation, knowledge application, team creativity, proactiveness, and innovation in a single model. This research also adds to the body of literature by proposing the intervening role of team creativity in the relationships of knowledge diffusion, knowledge storage, knowledge generation, and knowledge application, with innovation. The results of this research help the managers to use the team creativity concept to intervene in relation of knowledge diffusion, knowledge storage, knowledge generation, and knowledge application, with innovation. The results of the current study also give valuable insights to managers into why they can use the proactiveness to moderate the relations of knowledge diffusion, knowledge storage, knowledge generation, and knowledge application, with innovation. Current study adds in the body of literature by proposing the entire manuscript on the basis of two theories i.e., Knowledge-Based View (KBV) builds on and expands the RBV.

Abbas, J. (2020). Impact of total quality management on corporate sustainability through the mediating effect of knowledge management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118806

Afacan Fındıklı, M., Yozgat, U., & Rofcanin, Y. (2015). Examining Organizational Innovation and Knowledge Management Capacity the Central Role of Strategic Human Resources Practices (SHRPs). Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 377–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.900

Alani, E., Kamarudin, S., Alrubaiee, L., et al. (2019). A model of the relationship between strategic orientation and product innovation under the mediating effect of customer knowledge management. Journal of International Studies, 12(3), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2019/12-3/19

Alegre, J., Sengupta, K., & Lapiedra, R. (2011). Knowledge management and innovation performance in a high-tech SMEs industry. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 31(4), 454–470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611417472

Al-Emran, M., Mezhuyev, V., Kamaludin, A., et al. (2018). The impact of knowledge management processes on information systems: A systematic review. International Journal of Information Management, 43, 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.08.001

Al-Sa’di, A. F., Abdallah, A. B., & Dahiyat, S. E. (2017). The mediating role of product and process innovations on the relationship between knowledge management and operational performance in manufacturing companies in Jordan. Business Process Management Journal, 23(2), 349–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-03-2016-0047

Arif, M. (2018). ICTs and development in Pakistan: A review. Journal of Innovations and Sustainability, 4(3), 7-25.

Ashok, M., Narula, R., & Martinez-Noya, A. (2016). How do collaboration and investments in knowledge management affect process innovation in services? Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(5), 1004–1024. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2015-0429

Backman, C. A., Verbeke, A., & Schulz, R. A. (2016). The Drivers of Corporate Climate Change Strategies and Public Policy. Business & Society, 56(4), 545–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650315578450

Biryukova, O. V., & Matiukhina, A. I. (2018). ICT Services Trade in the BRICS Countries: Special and Common Features. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 10(3), 1080–1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-017-0517-6

Boateng, H., & Agyemang, F. G. (2015). The effects of knowledge sharing and knowledge application on service recovery performance. Business Information Review, 32(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266382115587852

Bornay-Barrachina, M., & Herrero, I. (2017). Team Creative Environment as a Mediator Between CWX and R&D Team Performance and Moderating Boundary Conditions. Journal of Business and Psychology, 33(2), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-017-9495-8

Cabrera-Suárez, K., De Saá-Pérez, P., & García-Almeida, D. (2001). The Succession Process from a Resource- and Knowledge-Based View of the Family Firm. Family Business Review, 14(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00037.x

Chaithanapat, P., Punnakitikashem, P., Khin Khin Oo, N. C., et al. (2022). Relationships among knowledge-oriented leadership, customer knowledge management, innovation quality and firm performance in SMEs. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(1), 100162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100162

Chan, H. K., Yee, R. W. Y., Dai, J., et al. (2016). The moderating effect of environmental dynamism on green product innovation and performance. International Journal of Production Economics, 181, 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.12.006

Chan, I., & Lau, Y. Y. (2021). Learning from the greats: Identifying three Knowledge sharing pillars to direct Knowledge Management initiatives in higher education institutions. Learning, 15(2), 415-430.

Chen, J., Yin, X., & Mei, L. (2018). Holistic Innovation: An Emerging Innovation Paradigm. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2018.02.001

Chen, K. H., Wang, C. H., Huang, S. Z., et al. (2016). Service innovation and new product performance: The influence of market-linking capabilities and market turbulence. International Journal of Production Economics, 172, 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.11.004

Chen, T., Li, F., Chen, X. P., et al. (2018). Innovate or die: How should knowledge-worker teams respond to technological turbulence? Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 149, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2018.08.008

Chirico, F., & Salvato, C. (2016). Knowledge Internalization and Product Development in Family Firms: When Relational and Affective Factors Matter. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(1), 201–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12114

Choi, S. Y., Lee, H., & Yoo, Y. (2010). The Impact of Information Technology and Transactive Memory Systems on Knowledge Sharing, Application, and Team Performance: A Field Study. MIS Quarterly, 34(4), 855. https://doi.org/10.2307/25750708

Çokpekin, Ö., & Knudsen, M. P. (2012). Does Organizing for Creativity Really Lead to Innovation? Creativity and Innovation Management, 21(3), 304–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2012.00649.x

Corbetta, G., & Salvato, C. (2004). Self–Serving or Self–Actualizing? Models of Man and Agency Costs in Different Types of Family Firms: A Commentary on “Comparing the Agency Costs of Family and Non–family Firms: Conceptual Issues and Exploratory Evidence.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00050.x

Costa, V., & Monteiro, S. (2016). Key knowledge management processes for innovation: a systematic literature review. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 46(3), 386–410. https://doi.org/10.1108/vjikms-02-2015-0017

Cruz, N. M., Perez, V. M., & Fernandez Ramos, Y. (2007). Transactive memory processes that lead to better team results. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 13(7/8), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527590710842529

Dalmarco, G., Maehler, A. E., Trevisan, M., et al. (2017). The use of knowledge management practices by Brazilian startup companies. RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação, 14(3), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rai.2017.05.005

Darroch, J. (2005). Knowledge management, innovation and firm performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270510602809

Darroch, J., & McNaughton, R. (2002). Examining the link between knowledge management practices and types of innovation. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3(3), 210–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930210435570

De Massis, A., Frattini, F., & Lichtenthaler, U. (2012). Research on Technological Innovation in Family Firms. Family Business Review, 26(1), 10–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512466258

den Hertog, P., van der Aa, W., & de Jong, M. W. (2010). Capabilities for managing service innovation: towards a conceptual framework. Journal of Service Management, 21(4), 490–514. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564231011066123

Dickel, D. G., & Moura, G. L. de. (2016). Organizational performance evaluation in intangible criteria: a model based on knowledge management and innovation management. RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação, 13(3), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rai.2016.06.005

Donate, M. J., & Guadamillas, F. (2011). Organizational factors to support knowledge management and innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 15(6), 890–914. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271111179271

Donate, M. J., & Sánchez de Pablo, J. D. (2015). The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in knowledge management practices and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.06.022

du Plessis, M. (2007). The role of knowledge management in innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(4), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270710762684

Duran, P., Kammerlander, N., van Essen, M., et al. (2016). Doing More with Less: Innovation Input and Output in Family Firms. Academy of Management Journal, 59(4), 1224–1264. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0424

Eddleston, K. A., Kellermanns, F. W., & Zellweger, T. M. (2011). Exploring the Entrepreneurial Behavior of Family Firms: Does the Stewardship Perspective Explain Differences? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 347–367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00402.x

Fuetsch, E., & Suess-Reyes, J. (2017). Research on innovation in family businesses: are we building an ivory tower? Journal of Family Business Management, 7(1), 44–92. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-02-2016-0003

García-Piqueres, G., Serrano-Bedia, A. M., & Pérez-Pérez, M. (2019). Knowledge Management Practices and Innovation Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Risk-Taking and Proactiveness. Administrative Sciences, 9(4), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9040075

Gaviria-Marin, M., Merigó, J. M., & Baier-Fuentes, H. (2019). Knowledge management: A global examination based on bibliometric analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 140, 194–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.006

Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A., & Segars, A. H. (2001). Knowledge Management: An Organizational Capabilities Perspective. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), 185–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669

Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge‐based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171110

Greiner, M. E., Böhmann, T., & Krcmar, H. (2007). A strategy for knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(6), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270710832127

Griffith, T. L., & Sawyer, J. E. (2009). Multilevel knowledge and team performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(7), 1003–1031. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.660

Gu, J. (2020). Spatiotemporal dynamics of the patent race: empirical evidence from listed companies in China. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 30(1), 106–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2020.1830813

Hamdoun, M., Chiappetta Jabbour, C. J., & Ben Othman, H. (2018). Knowledge transfer and organizational innovation: Impacts of quality and environmental management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 193, 759–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.031

Haque, I. U., Rashid, A., & Ahmed, S. Z. (2021). The Role of Automobile Sector in Global Business Case of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of International Affairs, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.52337/pjia.v4i2.195

Hernandez, M. (2012). Toward an Understanding of the Psychology of Stewardship. Academy of Management Review, 37(2), 172–193. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0363

Huybrechts, J., Voordeckers, W., & Lybaert, N. (2012). Entrepreneurial Risk Taking of Private Family Firms. Family Business Review, 26(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512469252

Inkinen, H. T., Kianto, A., & Vanhala, M. (2015). Knowledge management practices and innovation performance in Finland. Baltic Journal of Management, 10(4), 432–455. https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-10-2014-0178

Javed, A. (2020). The scope of information and communication technology enabled services in Promoting Pakistan Economy. Asian Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 165-173.

Jugend, D., da Silva, S. L., Oprime, P. C., et al. (2015). Organizational issues for integration of high-technology in new product development: framework proposal and case studies in Brazilian companies. Innovation, 17(2), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2015.1013428

Kuncoro, W., & Suriani, W. O. (2018). Achieving sustainable competitive advantage through product innovation and market driving. Asia Pacific Management Review, 23(3), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2017.07.006

Lai, Y. L., & Lin, F. J. (2012). The Effects of Knowledge Management and Technology Innovation on New Product Development Performance An Empirical Study of Taiwanese Machine Tools Industry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 40, 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.176

Lee, S. M., & Trimi, S. (2021). Convergence innovation in the digital age and in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Journal of Business Research, 123, 14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.09.041

Lee, S. M. T. P. S. (2014). The effect of knowledge management capability and dynamic capability on organizational performance. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 27(2), 158-179. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-05-2012-0025

Li, H., & Atuahene-Gima, K. (2001). Product Innovation Strategy and the Performance of New Technology Ventures in China. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1123–1134. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069392

Li, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2006). The role of market and entrepreneurship orientation and internal control in the new product development activities of Chinese firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(3), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.05.016

Lin, R., Che, R., & Ting, C. (2012). Turning knowledge management into innovation in the high‐tech industry. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 112(1), 42–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635571211193635

Lopes, C. M., Scavarda, A., Hofmeister, L. F., et al. (2017). An analysis of the interplay between organizational sustainability, knowledge management, and open innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 476–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.083

López-Nicolás, C., & Meroño-Cerdán, Á. L. (2011). Strategic knowledge management, innovation and performance. International journal of information management, 31(6), 502-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.02.003

Mardani, A., Nikoosokhan, S., Moradi, M., & Doustar, M. (2018). The relationship between knowledge management and innovation performance. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 29(1), 12-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2018.04.002

Martelo-Landroguez, S., & Cegarra-Navarro, J. G. (2014). Linking knowledge corridors to customer value through knowledge processes. Journal of Knowledge Management, 18(2), 342–365. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-07-2013-0284

Martínez, A. B., Galván, R. S., & Palacios, T. M. B. (2016). An empirical study about knowledge transfer, entrepreneurial orientation and performance in family firms. European Journal of International Management, 10(5), 534-557. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2016.078790

Mathieu, J. E., & Schulze, W. (2006). The Influence of Team Knowledge and Formal Plans on Episodic Team Process-Performance Relationships. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.21794678

Menaouer, B., Khalissa, S., Abdelbaki, B., & Abdelhamid, T. (2015). Towards a new approach of support innovation guided by knowledge management: Application on FERTIAL. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 260-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.366

Mittal, S., & Dhar, R. L. (2016). Effect of green transformational leadership on green creativity: A study of tourist hotels. Tourism Management, 57, 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.05.007

Mushtaq, I., Umer, M., Khan, M. A., et al. (2022). Customer Prioritization Integrated Supply Chain Optimization Model with Outsourcing Strategies. Big Data. https://doi.org/10.1089/big.2021.0292

Nawab, S., Nazir, T., Zahid, M. M., & Fawad, S. M. (2015). Knowledge management, innovation and organizational performance. International Journal of Knowledge Engineering, 1(1), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJKE.2015.V1.7

Nonaka, I. (1994). A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14–37. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.5.1.14

Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. (2015). The knowledge-creating theory revisited: knowledge creation as a synthesizing process. In: The essentials of knowledge management. Palgrave Macmillan, London. pp. 95-110.

Norrgren, F., & Schaller, J. (1999). Leadership Style: Its Impact on Cross‐Functional Product Development. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 16(4), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1640377

Nurnaninsih, A., & Muthmainah, H. N. (2023). Knowledge Management in the Digital Age: Harnessing Information and Innovation with Knowledge Management Systems. The Eastasouth Journal of Information System and Computer Science, 1(01), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.58812/esiscs.v1i01.131

Ode, E., & Ayavoo, R. (2020). The mediating role of knowledge application in the relationship between knowledge management practices and firm innovation. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(3), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.08.002

Ogbeibu, S., Emelifeonwu, J., Senadjki, A., et al. (2020). Technological turbulence and greening of team creativity, product innovation, and human resource management: Implications for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118703

P@SHA (2023). Industry stats. Available online: https://www.pasha.org.pk/ (assessed on 6 June 2023).

Pittino, D., Martínez, A. B., Chirico, F., & Galván, R. S. (2018). Psychological ownership, knowledge sharing and entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: The moderating role of governance heterogeneity. Journal of Business Research, 84, 312-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.08.014

Ritala, P., Olander, H., Michailova, S., et al. (2015). Knowledge sharing, knowledge leaking and relative innovation performance: An empirical study. Technovation, 35, 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2014.07.011

Röd, I. (2016). Disentangling the family firm’s innovation process: A systematic review. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(3), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2016.08.004

Sadeghi, A., & Mostafavi Rad, F. (2018). The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in knowledge management and innovation. Management Science Letters, 151–160. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.1.003

Sadiq, M., Usman, M., Zamir, A., et al. (2021). Nexus between economic growth and foreign private investment: Evidence from Pakistan economy. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2021.1956067

Saha, K., Kumar, R., Dutta, S. K., et al. (2017). A content adequate five-dimensional Entrepreneurial Orientation scale. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.05.006

Sarin, S., & McDermott, C. (2003). The Effect of Team Leader Characteristics on Learning, Knowledge Application, and Performance of Cross‐Functional New Product Development Teams. Decision Sciences, 34(4), 707–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5414.2003.02350.x

Saunila, M. (2020). Innovation capability in SMEs: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(4), 260–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.11.002

Serrano-Bedia, A. M., Palma-Ruiz, J. M., & Flores-Rivera, C. (2019). Innovation and Family Firms: Past and Future Research Perspectives. In: Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurial Leadership and Competitive Strategy in Family Business. IGI Global. pp. 371-398. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8012-6.ch018

Sethi, R., Smith, D. C., & Park, C. W. (2001). Cross-Functional Product Development Teams, Creativity, and the Innovativeness of New Consumer Products. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.38.1.73.18833

Shujahat, M., Sousa, M. J., Hussain, S., et al. (2019). Translating the impact of knowledge management processes into knowledge-based innovation: The neglected and mediating role of knowledge-worker productivity. Journal of Business Research, 94, 442–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.001

Singh, I., & Kaur, N. (2017). Contribution of Information Technology in Growth of Indian Economy. International Journal of Research—GRANTHAALAYAH, 5(6), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i6.2017.1986

Singh, I., & SinGH, N. (2022). Performance of Indian Information Technology Sector. Economic & Political Weekly, 57(11), 25-39.

Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2011). Translating Team Creativity to Innovation Implementation. Journal of Management, 39(3), 684–708. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310394187

Stanković, N., & Micić, Ž. (2018). Innovating and management of the knowledge base on the example of IT applications. Telematics and Informatics, 35(5), 1461–1472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.02.010

Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management journal, 48(3), 450-463. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.17407911

Sung, S. Y., & Choi, J. N. (2012). Effects of team knowledge management on the creativity and financial performance of organizational teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 118(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.01.001

Tarafdar, M., & Gordon, S. R. (2007). Understanding the influence of information systems competencies on process innovation: A resource-based view. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 16(4), 353-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2007.09.001

Trivedi, K., & Srivastava, K. B. L. (2022). The role of knowledge management processes in leveraging competitive strategies to achieve firm innovativeness. The Bottom Line, 35(2/3), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/bl-06-2021-0071

Valaei, N., Rezaei, S., Bressolles, G., et al. (2021). Indispensable components of creativity, innovation, and FMCG companies’ competitive performance: a resource-based view (RBV) of the firm. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjba-11-2020-0420

Villar, C., Alegre, J., & Pla-Barber, J. (2014). Exploring the role of knowledge management practices on exports: A dynamic capabilities view. International Business Review, 23(1), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.08.008

Vovk, O., Kravchenko, M., Popelo, O., et al. (2021). Modeling the Choice of the Innovation and Investment Strategy for the Implementation of Modernization Potential. Wseas Transactions on Systems and Control, 16, 430–438. https://doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.38

Wang, M. C., Chen, P. C., & Fang, S. C. (2018). A critical view of knowledge networks and innovation performance: The mediation role of firms’ knowledge integration capability. Journal of Business Research, 88, 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.034

Waribugo, S., Ofoegbu, W., & Akpan, E. (2016). The impact of knowledge management on product innovation of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Information and Knowledge Management, 6(6), 78-87.

Xie, X., Wang, L., & Zeng, S. (2018). Inter-organizational knowledge acquisition and firms’ radical innovation: A moderated mediation analysis. Journal of Business Research, 90, 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.04.038

Yong, J. Y., Yusliza, M. Y., Ramayah, T., et al. (2019). Nexus between green intellectual capital and green human resource management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.306

Zhu, S., Hagedoorn, J., Zhang, S., et al. (2021). Effects of technological distance on innovation performance under heterogeneous technological orientations. Technovation, 106, 102301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102301