This study examined the labor regulations regarding the hours of work and rest for representative fishing countries (Norway) by the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention C188—Work in Fishing, 2007. A dual comparative analysis with Norway is used to explore policy implications for the representation and protection of fishers’ labor standards in Korea. This study examined the possibility of synchronisation between national and international legislation on the hours of work and rest for fishers, with a particular focus on the Norwegian case. The objective is to identify policy enhancements related to the Korean Seafarers Act. This study looked in depth at the fatigue and well-being problems faced by Korean fishers working long times on various vessels. It is based on the results of a qualitative comparative study. To achieve the objectives, We proposed to ‘the name of the fishing vessel’, which are excluded from the protections afforded by the Seafarers Act and to clarify the regulations regarding the labor standards for them. This proposal will provide compensation and protection for Korean fishers’ labor rights. It aims to enhance labor conditions in line with ILO standards, harmonize national and international agreements to protect small-scale fisheries and contribute to the development of environmentally friendly propulsion technologies, such as hydrogen-fueled electric hybrids and LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas).

Barwaśny, M. (2022). Right to Rest of the Self-Employed under International and EU Law. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica, 101, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.101.13

Baumler, R. (2020). Working time limits at sea, a hundred-year construction. Marine policy, 121, 104101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104101

Belton, B., Marschke, M., & Vandergeest, P. (2019). Fisheries development, labor and working conditions on Myanmar’s marine resource frontier. Journal of Rural Studies, 69, 204–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.05.007

Bhatia, B. S., Baumler, R., Carrera Arce, M., & Pazaver, A. (2024). Adjustment of Work-Rest Hours Records in the Shipping Industry: A Systematic Review. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101125

Choi, J. H. (2021). Problems and improvement measures of working hours regulations under the Seafarers Act. Wonkwang Legal Research Institute, 37(3), 183–207. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2021.37.3.183

Cilesiz, S., & Greckhamer, T. (2020). Qualitative Comparative Analysis in Education Research: Its Current Status and Future Potential. Review of Research in Education, 44(1), 332–369. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X20907347

Cross, G. S. (1984). The quest for leisure: Reassessing the eight-hour day in France. Journal of Social History, 18(2), 195–216. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh/18.2.195

Fischer, M., & Maggetti, M. (2016). Qualitative Comparative Analysis and the Study of Policy Processes. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 19(4), 345–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2016.1149281

Fischer, M., & Maggetti, M. (2017). Qualitative comparative analysis and the study of policy processes. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 19(4), 345-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2016.1149281

Fujii, I., Okochi, Y., & Kawamura, H. (2021). Promoting cooperation of monitoring, control, and surveillance of IUU fishing in the Asia-Pacific. Sustainability, 13(18), 10231. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810231

Guan, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, X., et al. (2021). Identification of Fishing Vessel Types and Analysis of Seasonal Activities in the Northern South China Sea Based on AIS Data: A Case Study of 2018. Remote Sensing, 13(10), 1952. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13101952

International Labor Organization. (n.d.). Convention C188—Work in Fishing Convention, 2007. Available online: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C188 (accessed on 10 January 2024).

Kim, J. H., Lee, J., & Lee, K. (2023). Minimum wage, social insurance mandate, and working hours. Journal of Public Economics, 225, 104951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104951

Kim, S.-H., Ryu, K.-J., Lee, S.-H., et al. (2023). Enhancing Sustainability through Analysis and Prevention: A Study of Fatal Accidents on Trap Boats within the Commercial Fishing Industry. Sustainability, 15(21), 15382. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115382

Kivimäki, M., Virtanen, M., Nyberg, S. T., & Batty, G. D. (2020). The WHO/ILO report on long working hours and ischaemic heart disease—Conclusions are not supported by the evidence. Environment international, 144, 106048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106048

Lee, J.W., Lee, C. H., Jeong, M. S.(2024). A cross-country comparative analysis of working hours and rest periods for sea fishermen: insights and policy implications using the quadruple helix multi-case comparative theory. International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Research, 11(3), 9643–9651.

LOVDATA. (2017). Regulations on hours of work and rest on board fishing vessels. Available online: https://lovdata.no/dokument/SFE/forskrift/2017-11-10-1758 (accessed on 17 December 2023).

Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. (2023). Registered fishing vessel statistics. Available online: https://www.mof.go.kr/statPortal/cate/statView.do (accessed on 15 January 2024).

Morgan, R. (2016). Exploring how fishermen respond to the challenges facing the fishing industry: a case study of diversification in the English channel fishery. Regional Studies, 50(10), 1755–1768. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1057892

Nunez-Sanchez, M. J., Perez-Rojas, L., Sciberras, L., & Silva, J. R. (2020). Grounds for a safety level approach in the development of long-lasting regulations based on costs to reduce fatalities for sustaining industrial fishing vessel fleets. Marine Policy, 113, 103806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103806

Owusu, V., Adu-Boahen, K., Kyeremeh, S., et al. (2023). Factors influencing compliance of closed fishing season: lessons from small-scale coastal fisheries in the Central Region of Ghana. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01513-4

Rihoux, B., Rezsöhazy, I., & Bol, D. (2011). Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) in Public Policy Analysis: an Extensive Review. German Policy Studies, 7(3).

Rogers, E. L. (2016). Beyond eight hours rest: sleep, capitalism, and the biological body. Dialectical Anthropology, 40(3), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-016-9433-6

Scharpf, F. W. (2018). Games real actors play: Actor-centered institutionalism in policy research. Routledge.

Scheppele, K. L., Kochenov, D. V., & Grabowska-Moroz, B. (2020). EU values are law, after all: Enforcing EU values through systemic infringement actions by the European Commission and the member states of the European Union. Yearbook of European Law, 39, 3–121. https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yeaa012

Suharnata, S. (2024). International Seminar on Border Region (INTSOB 2023)—Challenges in Ratifying ILO Convention C188 for the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Fishers: Case Study on Riau Islands Province. Atlantis Press, 259–277. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-208-8_30

Thorvaldsen, T., Kongsvik, T., Holmen, I. M., et al. (2020). Occupational health, safety and work environments in Norwegian fish farming - employee perspective. Aquaculture, 524, 735238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735238

Thorvaldsen, T., Sønvisen, S. A., & Holmen, I. M. (2022). The impact of fisheries management on fishers’ health and safety: A case study from Norway. Marine Policy, 140, 105066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105066

Tindall, C., Oloruntuyi, O., Lees, S., et al. (2022). Illuminating the mechanisms to mitigate forced and child labour risks within Marine Stewardship Council certified fisheries. Marine Policy, 143, 105140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105140

Wang, W., & Xue, G. (2023). Revisiting Traditional Fishing Rights: Sustainable Fishing in the Historic and Legal Context. Sustainability, 15(16), 12448. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612448

Zytoon, M. A., & Basahel, A. M. (2017). Occupational safety and health conditions aboard small-and medium-size fishing vessels: Differences among age groups. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(3), 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030229.