This study analyzes the importance of strengthening the design of Indonesia’s maritime axis policy. This research uses a qualitative approach to systematically explain the dynamics and importance of strengthening world maritime policy, where the Nvivo 12 Plus tool is used to analyze data and answer the research questions posed. This research shows that Indonesia still has complex bureaucratic and institutional problems and aspects of political identity and leadership attitudes that require systematic and comprehensive improvement. Then, the draft for strengthening the maritime axis policy in Indonesia includes three policy recommendations: reformulating the focus of the maritime axis policy, comprehensive and coherent governance, and an integrated administrative framework, as well as improving the political identity and attitudes of leaders in public policy. Substantially, the relative failure of the Global Maritime Axis (GMA) policy, known as Joko Widodo’s concept of regulating the Indonesian government based on geographical location, was caused by the dominance of political factors and domestic bureaucratic problems. Apart from that, the lack of priority narratives in the maritime and development sectors means that the Indonesian government’s priorities are more oriented towards GMA infrastructure aspects and at the expense of other fundamental elements. This study encourages the Indonesian government to accelerate a more substantive GMA. However, this research needs to be expanded because the analysis results were only carried out through secondary data and focused on two important aspects of GMA. Therefore, further research is needed that explains the prospects for GMA policy in Indonesia in more detail.

Afriyadi, A. D. (2022). Jokowi is speeding up the development of the Maritime Axis, here’s the strategy (Indonesian). Available online: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-5968552/jokowi-kebut-pembangunan-poros-maritim-begini-strateginya (accessed on 12 November 2023).

Agastia, I. G. B. D. (2023). The Global Maritime Fulcrum as A Strategic Narrative: A Critical Examination of Its Emergence, Conveyance, and Decline in Indonesian Strategic Discourse. Muslim Politics Review, 2(2), 284–317. https://doi.org/10.56529/mpr.v2i2.150

Ani/DAL. (2019). Habibie Center: Jokowi is disappointed that his subordinates don’t understand maritime affairs. Available online: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20190806135604-20-418864/habibie-center-jokowi-kecewa-anak-buah-tak-paham-maritim (accessed on 1 November 2023).

Arisanto, P. T., Reisika, A., Alviany, J., et al. (2023). Analysis of Indonesian maritime management and threats to marine security. International Journal of Politics and Sociology Research, 11(2), 383-390.

Bayarsaikhan, U., Cha, Y.-B., Lee, T.-G., et al. (2021). FIGURES 15–18 in Two new species and four new records of Diduga (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from Laos. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4756074

Bland, B., & Nugroho, Y. (2020). Man of Contradictions: Joko Widodo and the Struggle to Remake Indonesia. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 42(3), 437–439. https://doi.org/10.1355/cs42-3h

Brotosusilo, A., Apriana, I. W. A., Satria, A. A., et al. (2016). Littoral and Coastal Management in Supporting Maritime Security for Realizing Indonesia as World Maritime Axis. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 30, 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/30/1/012016

Bueger, C. (2015). What is maritime security? Marine Policy, 53, 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.12.005

Bueger, C., Edmunds, T., & Ryan, B. J. (2019). Maritime security: the uncharted politics of the global sea. International Affairs, 95(5), 971–978. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz145

Chapsos, I., & Malcolm, J. A. (2017). Maritime security in Indonesia: Towards a comprehensive agenda? Marine Policy, 76, 178–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.11.033

CNN. (2023). Muhadjir acknowledges jokowi’s world maritime axis has not been maximized (Indonesian). Available online: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20230809144224-92-983919/muhadjir-akui-poros-maritim-dunia-jokowi-belum-maksimal/ (accessed on 1 November 2023).

dan Ridwan, S. H. (2017). Maritime axis and Indonesia’s national security: challenge and hope. Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v7i3.242

Djunarsjah, E., & Putra, A. P. (2021). The concept of an archipelagic Province in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 777(1), 012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/777/1/012040

Edwards-Jones, A. (2014). Qualitative data analysis with NVIVO. Journal of Education for Teaching, 40(2), 193–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2013.866724

Fathiraini, N., Darmawan, W., Ma’mur, T., et al. (2022). The vantage point of geopolitics: capturing indonesia’s maritime axis. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1089(1), 012062. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1089/1/012062

Hai-Jew, S. (2020). Fungsi Analisis Tab Silang Kualitatif Baru NVivo 12 Plus. (Indonesian) Kansas State University.

Indra, M., Artina, D., Diana, L., et al. (2023). The Political Law of Forest and Land Fire Management: A Case Study in Bengkalis and Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(1), 293. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0024

Jakarta.globe.id. (2020). Indonesia Extends Anti-Illegal Fishing Task Force. Available online: https://jakartaglobe.id/news/indonesia-extends-antiillegal-fishing-task-force (accessed on 6 November 2023).

Kim, D.-H., Ramjan, L. M., & Mak, K.-K. (2015). Prediction of vehicle crashes by drivers’ characteristics and past traffic violations in Korea using a zero-inflated negative binomial model. Traffic Injury Prevention, 17(1), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2015.1033689

Kompas.com. (2023). Bung Karno, Megawati, Jokowi, dan Poros Maritim Dunia. Available online: https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2023/01/09/bung-karno-megawati-jokowi-dan-poros-maritim-dunia (accessed on 6 November 2023).

Kurniaty, R., Suryokumoro, H., & Widagdo, S. (2021). The Role of Marine Security Agency (BAKAMLA) As Sea and Coast Guards in Indonesian Water Jurisdiction. Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 15(3), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v15no3.2017

Labandi, L., & Haris, M. (2023). Development of Indonesian Maritime Sovereignty Culture Through Indonesian Maritime Policy with Indonesian Maritime Defense Strategy. The Innovation of Social Studies Journal, 5(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.20527/issj.v5i1.8489

Liamputtong, P. (2020). Qualitative Research Methods, 5th ed. Oxford University Press.

Putri, I. A., & Saputro, G. E. (2022). Internal Challenges and Planning in Creating Indonesia as the Axis of the World Maritime Economy. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 05(12), 1-11.

Rachman, V. H, V. H. (2022). Geopolitics: Dynamics and Development of Indonesia’s Maritime Axis. Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(03), 1102-1108.

Rahman, M. S. (2016). The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches and Methods in Language ‘Testing and Assessment’ Research: A Literature Review. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n1p102

Risnain, Muh., Fatahullah, F., Nurbani, E. S., et al. (2021). The Model Regulation of Wawasan Nusantara as Indonesian Maritime Development Strategy Towards World Maritime Axis. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210525.078

Rochwulaningsih, Y., Sulistiyono, S. T., Masruroh, et al. (2019). Marine policy basis of Indonesia as a maritime state: The importance of integrated economy. Marine Policy, 108, 103602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103602

Rosyidin, M. (2021). The cult of glory: national myth and the idea of Global Maritime Fulcrum in Indonesia’s foreign policy, 2014–2019. South East Asia Research, 29(3), 297–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/0967828x.2021.1954484

Santoso, D., & Nafisah, F. (2018). Indonesia’s Global Maritime Axis Doctrine: Security Concerns and Recommendations. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 10(2), 191. https://doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v10i2.7306

Sitanggang, S. N. (2021). Jokowi Administration’s Maritime Axis Development Policy. International Journal on Social Science, Economics and Art, 11(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.35335/ijosea.v10i1.3

Szakáli, M. (2023). Indonesia and the ‘Global Maritime Axis’ concept - A policy analysis. Eurasia Center and John von Neumann University.

The Indonesian Institute Center for Policy Research. (2018). New Governance Design to Realize the Idea of a World Maritime Axis. Available online: https://www.theindonesianinstitute.com/desain-baru-tata-pemerintahan-untuk-mewujudkan-gagasan-poros-maritim-dunia/ (accessed on 6 November 2023).

Trends.google.com. (2023). Trends in maritime axis policy issues in Indonesia. Available online: https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2014-11-14 2023-12-24&geo=ID&q=Poros Maritim Dunia&hl=id (accessed on 6 November 2023).

UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2023). Review of Maritime Transport. Available online: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/rmt2023_en.pdf (accessed on 1 November 2023).

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). (1982). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. Available online: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Law-of-the-Sea (accessed on 10 November 2023).

Wagner, C., Kawulich, B., & Garner, M. (2019). A Mixed Research Synthesis of Literature on Teaching Qualitative Research Methods. SAGE Open, 9(3), 215824401986148. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019861488

Wicaksana, I. G. W. (2017). Indonesia’s maritime connectivity development: domestic and international challenges. Asian Journal of Political Science, 25(2), 212–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2017.1339618

Woods, M., Paulus, T., Atkins, D. P., et al. (2016). Advancing Qualitative Research Using Qualitative Data Analysis Software (QDAS)? Reviewing Potential Versus Practice in Published Studies using Atlas.ti and NVivo, 1994–2013. Social Science Computer Review, 34(5), 597–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439315596311

Woolf, N. H., & Silver, C. (2017). Qualitative Analysis Using NVivo. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315181660