Are we ready for the predicted high tourist influx? The case of management effectiveness of Sheikh Badin National Park, Pakistan
Vol 8, Issue 2, 2024
VIEWS - 532 (Abstract) 305 (PDF)
Abstract
The major objective of this research paper is to assess the management effectiveness of Sheikh Badin National Park District Dera Ismail Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with respect to tourist’s satisfaction. A sample size of 389 respondents (local community, wildlife staff, tourists) were selected through simple random sampling to conclude respondents’ attitude towards phenomenon investigated through three-level Likert scale as a measurement tool. Association between a dependent variable (management effectiveness) was assessed on the independent variables (tourist satisfaction) through a chi-square test. Association of management effectiveness was highly significant with tourists satisfaction from promos of park (p = 0.000), access to information (p = 0.000), roads network (p = 0.000), residential facilities (p = 0.000), trained guides (p = 0.000), safety from crimes and criminals (p = 0.000), provision of health and security services (p = 0.000), overall satisfaction of tourists (p = 0.000), recommendation of SBNP to other tourists (p = 0.000) and revisit intentions of tourists (p = 0.000). Improvement in security measures, better advertisement and improvement in park infrastructure were major recommendations considering the study.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adinegara GNJ, Suprapti NWS, Yasa NNK, Sukaatmadja PG (2017). Factors that influences tourist’s satisfaction and its consequences. European Journal of Business and Management 9(8): 39-50.
Agapito D, Valle POD, Mendas JDC (2011). Understanding tourist recommendation through destination image: A chaid analysis. Tou. Man. Stu. 7: 33-42.
Aliman NK, Hashim SM, Wahid SDM, et al. (2016). Tourists’ satisfaction with a destination: An investigation on visitors to Langkawi Island. International Journal of Marketing Studies 8(3): 173. doi: 10.5539/ijms.v8n3p173
Bagri SC, Kala D (2015). Tourists’ satisfaction at Trijuginarayan, India: An importance-performance analysis. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR) 3 (2): 89-115.
Bigni JE, Andreu J (2004). Cognitive-affective model of satisfaction in leisure and tourism services (Spanish). Cuademos de Economia y Direccion de la Empressa 21: 89-120.
Castro JC, Quisimalin M, de Pablos C, et al. (2017). Tourism marketing: Measuring tourist satisfaction. Journal of Service Science and Management 10: 280-308. doi: 10.4236/jssm.2017.103023
Chen Q, Huang R (2019). Understanding the role of local food in sustaining Chinese destinations. Current Issues in Tourism 22(5):544-560. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2018.1444020
Chi CGQ, Qu H (2008). Examining the structural relationships of destination image, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: An integrated approach. Tourism Management 29(4): 624-636. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.06.007
Chockalingam M, Ganesh AA (2010). Problems encountered by tourists. Business and Economic Horizons 3: 68-72. doi: 10.15208/beh.2010.28
Christian C, Potts T, Burnett G, et al. (1996). Parrot conservation and ecotourism in the Windward Islands. Journal of Biogeography 23(3): 387-393. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.1996.00041.x
Coghlan A (2012). Linking natural resource management to tourist satisfaction: A study of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 20(1): 41-58. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2011.614351
Corte VD, Sciarelli M, Cascella C, Gaudio GD (2015). Customer satisfaction in tourist destination: The case of tourism offer in the city of Naples. Journal of Investment and Management 4(1): 39. doi: 10.11648/j.jim.s.2015040101.16
Cracolici MF, Nijkamp P (2008). The attractiveness and competitiveness of tourist destinations: A study of Southern Italian regions. Tourism Management 30(3): 336-344. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.006
Dmitrovic TLK, Cvelbar T, Kolar MM, et al. (2009). Conceptualizing tourist satisfaction at the destination level. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 3(2): 116-126. doi: 10.1108/17506180910962122
Dudley N (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Areas Management Categories. IUCN. pp. 1-86.
Eagles PFJ, McCool SF, Haynes CD (2002). Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN.
Forozia A, Zadeh MS, Gilani MHN (2013). Customer satisfaction in hospitality industry: Middle east tourists at 3star hotels in Malaysia. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(17): 4329-4335. doi: 10.19026/rjaset.5.4425
Fredman P, Wall-Reinius S, Grundén A (2012). The nature of nature in nature-based tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 12(4): 289-309. doi: 10.1080/15022250.2012.752893
Gaki E, Stella K, Evangelia P, Dimitris L (2016). The evaluation of tourism satisfaction in island destinations: The case of the Ionian Islands of Greece. In: Proceedings of the 56th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: “Cities & Regions: Smart, Sustainable, Inclusive?”; 23-26 August 2016; Vienna, Austria. pp. 1-17.
Hughes K (1991). Tourist satisfaction: A guided “cultural” tour in north Queensland. Australian Psychologist 26(3): 166-171. doi: 10.1080/0005006910825724
Jani D, Han H (2013). Personality, social comparison, consumption emotions, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 25(7): 970-993. doi: 10.1108/ijchm-10-2012-0183
Juutinen A, Mitani Y, Mäntymaa E, et al. (2011). Combining ecological and recreational aspects in national park management: A choice experiment application. Ecological Economics 70(6): 1231-1239. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.02.006
Khuong MN, Ngoc NT (2014). Factors affecting tourist destination satisfaction through mediating variable of perceived service quality—A study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In: Proceedings of 5 International Conference on Business and Economic Research; 8 April 2022; Sarawak, Malaysia. pp. 312-326.
Kotler P (2001). Marketing Management, Millenium Edition. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Kozak M, Rimmington M (2000). Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off-season holiday destination. Journal of Travel Research 38(3): 260-269. doi: 10.1177/004728750003800308
Smith CK (2001). Tourism Product Development: A Case Study of Wildlife Viewing in the Squamish Valley [Master’s thesis]. Simon Fraser University. pp. 1-120.
Leung YF, Spenceley A, Hvenegaard G, Buckley R (2018). Tourism and Visitor Management in Protected Areas: Guidelines for Sustainability. IUCN.
Luo SJ, Hsieh LY (2013). Reconstructing revisit intention scale in tourism. Journal of Applied Sciences 13(18): 3638-3648. doi: 10.3923/jas.2013.3638.3648
Luqman M, Khan MA, Arif M (2019). Socio-economic factors determining tourism in Sheik Baddin national park DI Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. J. of Business and Tourism 5: 75-90.
Mahmood K, Mishkatullah (2015). Sheikh Badin National park seeking attention of policy makers. Weekly Technology Times 6(49): 1-4.
Miller ZD, Fefer JP, Kraja A, et al. (2017). Perspectiveson visitor use management in the national parks. George Wright Forum 34(1): 37-44.
Nagy, B (2019). Tourism with No Resources? Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Economics and Business 7(1): 5-22.
Neal JD, Gursoy D (2008). A multifaceted analysis of tourism satisfaction. Journal of Travel Research 47(1): 53-62. doi: 10.1177/0047287507312434
OECD (2020). Available online: https://www.oecd.org/ (accessed on 22 November 2023).
Ogutu H, Adol GFC., Bujdosó Z, Benedek A, Fekete-Farkas M, Dávid LD (2023). Theoretical Nexus of Knowledge Management and Tourism Business Enterprise Competitiveness: An Integrated Overview. Sustainability 15(3) Paper: 1948.
Pavlic I, Perucic D, Portolan A (2011). Tourists’ satisfaction as an important tool for increasing tourism destination competitivness in the globalization conditions—The case of Dubrovnik-Neretva County. International Journal of Management Cases 13(3): 591-599. doi: 10.5848/apbj.2011.00095
Pendleton MR (1996). Crime, criminals and guns in “natural settings”: Exploring the basis for disarming federal rangers. American Journal of Police 15(4): 3-25. doi: 10.1108/07358549610151799
Phan LTT (2017). Visitor Satisfaction with Services for Environmental Interpretation in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. Victoria University of Wellington. pp. 1-171.
Pinkus E, Moore SA, Taplin R, et al. (2016). Re-thinking visitor loyalty at ‘once in a lifetime’ nature-based tourism destinations: Empirical evidence from Purnululu National Park, Australia. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 16: 7-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2016.08.002
Prakash SL, Perera P, Newsome D, et al. (2019). Reasons for visitor dissatisfaction with wildlife tourism experiences at highly visited national parks in Sri Lanka. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 25: 102-112. doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2018.07.004
Pritchard M (2003). The attitudinal and behavioral consequences of destination performance. Tourism Analysis 8 (1): 61-73. doi: 10.3727/108354203108750175
Sánchez J, Callarisa L, Rodríguez RM, et al. (2006). Perceived value of the purchase of a tourism product. Tourism Management 27(3): 394-409. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.11.007
Shittu ML (2013). The place of national park interpretation and information services in ecotourism/wildlife management in Nigeria. J. of Trop. For. Res. 29(1): 32-41.
Simkova E (2014). Psychology and its application in tourism. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences 114: 317-321. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.704
Soegoto ES, Purnama FA, Hidayat A (2018). Role of Internet and social media for promotion tools. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 407: 012040. doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/407/1/012040
Spenceley A, Snyman S, Eagles PFJ (2019). A decision framework on the choice of management models for park and protected area tourism services. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 26: 72-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jort.2019.03.004
Sriarkarin S, Lee CH (2018). Integrating multiple attributes for sustainable development in a national park. Tourism Management Perspectives 28: 113-125. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2018.08.007
Sukiman MF, Omar SI, Muhibudin M, et al. (2013). Tourist satisfaction as the key to destination survival in Pahang. Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences 91: 78-87. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.404
Taplin RH, Rodger K, Moore SA (2016). A method for testing the effect of management interventions on the satisfaction and loyalty of national park visitors. Leisure Sciences 38(2): 140-160. doi: 10.1080/01490400.2015.1077178
Torres-Sovero C, González JA, Martín-López B, et al. (2012). Social-ecological factors influencing tourist satisfaction in three ecotourism lodges in the southeastern Peruvian Amazon. Tourism Management 33(3): 545-552. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2011.06.008
Ullah A (2015). Diversity of life form and leaf size classes at Sheikh Buddin National Park, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. South Asian Journal of Life Sciences 1(1): 6-13. doi: 10.14737/journal.sajls/2015/3.1.6.13
Uysal M (2003). Satisfaction components in outdoor recreation and tourism settings. e-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR) 1(3): 140-158.
WTO (2020). Available online: https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/serv_e/tourism_e/tourism_e.htm/ (accessed on 22 November 2023).
Wang S, Qu H (2006). A study of tourists’ satisfaction determinants in the context of the Pearl River delta sub-regional destinations. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing 14(3): 49-63. doi: 10.1300/j150v14n03_05
WTTC (2020). Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2019—WTTC 2019 Annual Report. World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC).
Yoon Y, Uysal M (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management 26(1): 45-56. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016
Yuksel A, Yuksel F (2008). Tourist satisfaction: Definitional and relational issues. In: Tourist Satisfaction and Complaining Behavior. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 43-72.
Yun D, Pyo S (2016). An Examination of an Integrated Tourist Satisfaction Model: Expectations and Desires Congruency. Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i2.2634
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Waqar Ahmad, Asad Ullah, Al Fauzi Rahmat, Lóránt Dénes Dávid
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.