This article aims to elucidate governance primarily from the perspective of collaboration and leadership in managing disasters. This article studies the case of Indonesia, a country with frequent and complex nature of disasters, located on the Pacific Ring of Fire to analyze its disaster management system and draw out implications from its experience. The method used is a qualitative comprehensive and systematic review from national and international earthquake occurrences. The finding is that Indonesia is simultaneously carrying out disaster management which is not contradictory but complementary. The importance of collaboration is imposed and recommendations are offered on rectifying collaborative activities’ value. Modern leadership strategies suggest that acquire their power from effective strategies and transformational power rather than standard operating procedures. This paper provides lessons on how to organize earthquake management through aspects of collaboration and leadership effectively. The author suggests optimizing the potential of the community by providing special assistance to increase disaster management efforts.

Abdurrasyid A, Darmawan DF, Arare K, et al. (2023). Become a health volunteer during the Cianjur earthquake disaster (Indonesian). E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 14(1): 188–194. doi: 10.26877/e-dimas.v14i1.14481

Alam E, Ray-Bennett NS (2021). Disaster risk governance for district-level landslide risk management in Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 59: 102220. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102220

Alhamid MF, Mutaqi AS (2023). Evaluation of PT semen Baturaja CSR funds in providing assistance to victims of the Cianjur earthquake disaster (Indonesian). Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Teknik (JURRITEK) 2(1), 122–130.

Amri I, Giyarsih SR (2021). Monitoring urban physical growth in tsunami-affected areas: A case study of Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. GeoJournal 87(3): 1929–1944. doi: 10.1007/s10708-020-10362-6

Ansell C, Gash A (2007). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 18(4): 543–571. doi: 10.1093/jopart/mum032

Asadzadeh A, Fekete A, Khazai B, et al. (2023). Capacitating urban governance and planning systems to drive transformative resilience. Sustainable Cities and Society 96: 104637. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2023.104637

Azis DA (2022). Regent Herman claims the number of victims who died in the Cianjur earthquake reached 600 people (Indonesian). Available online: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1666769/bupati-herman-klaim-jumlah-korban-meninggal-gempa-cianjur-mencapai-600-orang (accessed on 3 November 2023).

Bae Y, Joo YM, Won SY (2016). Decentralization and collaborative disaster governance: Evidence from South Korea. Habitat International 52: 50–56. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.08.027

Bahri S (2022). Fulfilling the needs of Cianjur earthquake victims from the government, private institutions and the Indonesian community (Indonesian). Mizania: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi 2(2): 236–240. doi: 10.47776/mizania.v2i2.590

Bakkour D, Enjolras G, Thouret JC, et al. (2015). The adaptive governance of natural disaster systems: Insights from the 2010 mount Merapi eruption in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 13: 167–188. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.05.006

Bankoff G (2015). “All for all” (everything to everybody) (Filipino). Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 24(4): 430–447. doi: 10.1108/dpm-04-2014-0063

Benson C (2016). Promoting sustainable development through disaster risk management. Available online: https://www.adb.org/publications/sustainable-development-through-disaster-risk-management (accessed on 3 November 2023).

BPKP (2021). 2020 annual performance report (Filipino). Available online: https://www.bpkp.go.id/dan/konten/3926/Laporan-Kinerja-Tahun-2020.bpkp (accessed on 3 November 2023).

Boin A, Hart P (2003). Public leadership in times of crisis: Mission impossible? Public Administration Review 63(5): 544–553. doi: 10.1111/1540-6210.00318

Bothara J, Beetham D, Brunsdon D, et al. (2010). General observations of effects of the 30th September 2009 Padang earthquake, Indonesia. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 43(3): 143. doi: 10.5459/bnzsee.43.3.143-173

BPBD Bogor (2022). As a result of the earthquake, residents of Pacet Cianjur sub-district experienced a clean water crisis (Indonesian). Available online: https://bpbd.bogorkab.go.id/akibat-gempa-bumi-yang-terjadi-warga-kecamatan-pacet-cianjur-mengalami-krisis-air-bersih/ (accessed on 29 November 2022).

Carter WN (2008). Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager’s Handbook. Asian Development Bank

CNBC Indonesia (2022). The story of the TRANS7 Team crossing the ravine to the Cianjur earthquake location (Indonesian). https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/lifestyle/20221124143708-33-390920/kisah-tim-trans7-lewati-jurang-menuju-lokasi-gempa-cianjur (accessed on 24 December 2022).

Daniell JE, Schaefer AM, Wenzel F (2017). Losses associated with secondary effects in earthquakes. Frontiers in Built Environment 3: 30. doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2017.00030

Demiroz F, Kapucu N (2012). The role of leadership in managing emergencies and disasters. European Journal of Economic & Political Studies 5(1): 91–101.

Dewi NK, Rudiarto I (2014). The effect of land conversion on environmental conditions in the Peri-urban area of Semarang City (case study: Developing area of Gunungpati district) (Indonesian). Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota 10(2): 115. doi: 10.14710/pwk.v10i2.7641

ESCAP UN (2012). Reducing Vulnerability and Exposure to Disasters: The Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 2012. United Nations.

Firdaus MI, Yuliani E (2022). Suitability of residential land for areas prone to landslides (Indonesian). Jurnal Kajian Ruang 1(2): 216. doi: 10.30659/jkr.v1i2.20030

Fitriani ID, Zulkarnaen W, Bagianto A (2021). Regional disaster management agency (BPBD) mitigation management analysis of the natural disaster eruption of mount Tangkuban Parahu in West Java (Indonesian). Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA) 5(1): 91–111.

Games D, Mardiah ANR (2022). Livelihood and resiliency: An entrepreneurship of West Sumatran SMEs aftermath disasters. Post-Disaster Governance in Southeast Asia: Response, Recovery, and Resilient Societies, 241–254. Springer.

Garavaglia C, Sancino A, Trivellato B (2021). Italian mayors and the management of COVID-19: Adaptive leadership for organizing local governance. Eurasian Geography and Economics 62(1): 76–92. doi: 10.1080/15387216.2020.1845222

Généreux M, Lafontaine M, Eykelbosh A (2019). From science to policy and practice: A critical assessment of knowledge management before, during, and after environmental public health disasters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(4): 587. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16040587

Grossman VA (2020). Leadership essentials during a disaster. Journal of Radiology Nursing 39(3): 156–157. doi: 10.1016/j.jradnu.2020.04.006

Gunanda AD, Wiwaha AA, Krisnawati R (2018). Agricultural sector recovery strategy after the earthquake disaster in north Lombok regency (Indonesian). Jurnal Dialog Penanggulangan Bencana 9(2): 89–101.

Hadi HS, Dadang D, Sumatirta E, Atmaja S (2022). Distribution of assistance for basic needs for victims of the natural earthquake disaster in Sukamulya village, Cianjur regency (Indonesian). Jurnal Abdimas Bina Bangsa 3(2): 398–402. doi: 10.46306/jabb.v3i2.244

Warsono H, Buchari RA (2019). Disaster management collaboration (Indonesian). Available online: https://doc-pak.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/152/1/Buku%20Kolaborasi%20Bencana.pdf (accessed on 3 November 2023).

Homsy GC, Liao L, Warner ME (2019). Sustainability and disaster planning: What are the connections? Rural Sociology 84(3): 516–540. doi: 10.1111/ruso.12262

Hutter G (2016). Collaborative governance and rare floods in urban regions—Dealing with uncertainty and surprise. Environmental Science and Policy 55(Part 2): 302–308. doi: 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.07.028

Kusmajaya S, Wulandari R (2019a). Study of earthquake disaster risk in Cianjur district (Indonesian). Jurnal Dialog Dan Penanggulangan Bencana 10(1): 39–51.

Maeno F, Nakada S, Yoshimoto M, et al. (2019). A sequence of a Plinian eruption preceded by dome destruction at Kelud volcano, Indonesia, on February 13, 2014, revealed from tephra fallout and pyroclastic density current deposits. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 382: 24–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.03.002

Mahanani E (2022). Community Self-Reliance Activities after the Cianjur Earthquake (Indonesian). Perkumpulan Rumah Cemerlang Indonesia.

Meilano I, Abidin HZ, Andreas H, et al. (2016). Coseismic shifts from the 2009 West Java earthquake (Indonesian). Jurnal Lingkungan Dan Bencana Geologi 1(1): 35–42. doi: 10.34126/jlbg.v1i1.4

Muksin Z, Rahim A, Hermansyah A, et al. (2023). Earthquake disaster mitigation in Cianjur (Indonesian). JIIP—Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 6(4): 2486–2490. doi: 10.54371/jiip.v6i4.1847

Murtado AD, Yani AV (2023). Guidance on logistics warehouse management in earthquake impact evacuees in Cianjur regency, West Java (Indonesian). SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 7(1): 693–696. doi: 10.31764/jpmb.v7i1.12953

Naik SP, Mohanty A, Sotiris V, et al. (2023). 28th September 2018 Mw 7.5 Sulawesi Supershear Earthquake, Indonesia: Ground effects and macroseismic intensity estimation using ESI-2007 scale. Engineering Geology 317: 107054. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107054

Nurjanah S, Mursalin E (2021). The importance of landslide natural disaster mitigation: Study of student perceptions (Indonesian). Jurnal Basicedu 6(1): 515–523. doi: 10.31004/basicedu.v6i1.1937

Pancawati D (2022). The impact of the Cianjur Earthquake on the education ecosystem (Indonesian). Available online: https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2022/12/04/dampak-gempa-cianjur-terhadap-ekosistem-pendidikan (5 December 2022).

Pratama PY, Nurmandi A (2020). Collaborating network in managing post the Mount Merapi’s disruption, Indonesia. Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 12(1): 927. doi: 10.4102/jamba.v12i1.927

Ramdani F, Wibowo A, Supriatna S, Setiani P (2023). A multitemporal and multisensor study of land displacement due to 5.6 M earthquake in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Available online: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023EGUGA..25.1936R/abstract (accessed on 3 November 2023).

Sadisun IA (2004). Disaster management: Living strategies in potential disaster areas (Indonesian). Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264309296_Manajemen_Bencana_Strategi_hidup_di_wilayah_berpotensi_bencana (accessed on 3 November 2023).

Sandoval V, Voss M (2016). Disaster governance and vulnerability: The case of Chile. Politics and Governance 4(4): 107–116. doi: 10.17645/pag.v4i4.743

Smucker TA, Oulu M, Nijbroek R (2020). Foundations for convergence: Sub-national collaboration at the nexus of disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and land restoration under multi-level governance in Kenya. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 51: 101834. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101834

Snyder H (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research 104: 333–339. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039

Suara M, Jati BL, Ghufron A, et al. (2023). Handling the impact of H+14 after the earthquake disaster with health problems in Mangun Kerta village, Cugenang district, Cianjur regency (Indonesian). Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) 6(4): 1396–1411. doi: 10.33024/jkpm.v6i4.8946

Supendi P, Priyobudi JJ, Sianipar D, et al. (2022). Analysis of the Cianjur (West Java) earthquake Mw 5.6 November 21 2022 (Indonesian). Available online: https://www.bmkg.go.id/berita/?p=42632〈=ID&tag=analisis-gempabumi (accessed on 3 November 2023).

Supendi P, Winder T, Rawlinson N, et al. (2023). A conjugate fault revealed by the destructive Mw 5.6 (November 21, 2022) Cianjur earthquake, West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 257: 105830. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2023.105830

Syamsidik, Benazir, Umar M, et al. (2019). Post-tsunami survey of the 28 September 2018 tsunami near Palu Bay in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: Impacts and challenges to coastal communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 38: 101229. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101229

Taufiqurrahman F (2022). Impact of the Cianjur earthquake, 363 schools and 144 places of worship damaged (Indonesian). Available online: https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/11/26/072950278/dampak-gempa-cianjur-363-sekolah-dan-144-tempat-ibadah-rusak (accessed on 26 November 2022).

Tierney K (2012). Disaster governance: Social, political, and economic dimensions. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 37(1): 341–363. doi: 10.1146/annurev-environ-020911-095618

Trainor JE, Velotti L (2013). Leadership in crises, disasters, and catastrophes. Journal of Leadership Studies 7(3): 38–40. doi: 10.1002/jls.21295

UNISDR (2012). Disaster risk and resilience: Thematic think piece. UN system task team on the Post-2015 UN development agenda. Available online: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/untaskteam_undf/thinkpieces/3_disaster_risk_resilience.pdf (accessed on 3 November 2023).

Walch C (2019). Adaptive governance in the developing world: Disaster risk reduction in the State of Odisha, India. Climate and Development 11(3): 238–252. doi: 10.1080/17565529.2018.1442794

Zakaria Z, Ismawan I, Haryanto I (2011). Identification and mitigation of earthquake prone zones in West Java (Indonesian). Bulletin of Scientific Contribution: Geology 9(1): 35–41. doi: 10.24198/bsc%20geology.v9i1.8261

Zamisa NA, Mutereko S (2019). The role of traditional leadership in disaster management and disaster risk governance: A case of Ugu district municipality by-laws. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 11(1): 802. doi: 10.4102/JAMBA.v11i1.802