Critical thinking and simulation in child welfare: Florida department of children and family’s formative evaluation

Kevin Marino, Jennifer Hamburger, Timothy Wiles, Robert Wright

Article ID: 10452
Vol 8, Issue 16, 2024


Abstract


An evaluation of the Florida Department of Children and Families (DCF) revealed child welfare professionals required more comprehensive pre-service training. The REAL Academy™ (RA) provided training in critical reasoning, high-fidelity simulation, and administrative tethering. This article is an evaluation of the effectiveness of the redesigned training process. We collected quantitative and qualitative data from five cadres of trainees, including representatives from the DCF, sheriff’s offices, the University of Southern Florida, and community-based care centers. Statistical analyses of quantitative data included correlations, linear regression, and multiple regression, and results indicated the critical thinking training was highly effective, realistic, and relevant, and the simulation exercises helped trainees gauge, manage, and recover from the anxiety and stress inherent in their work. Thematic analyses of qualitative data revealed that trainees placed importance on their roles within the organization, implying the need for a trust-centric configuration, which can be achieved by administrative tethering. Recommendations for future practice include the integration of contemporary teaching methodologies, an emphasis on trauma competency, a focus on improving the workplace culture and environment, the incorporation of virtual reality, the introduction of critical thinking strategies and tools, and the use of high-fidelity simulations.

Keywords


administrative tethering; train the trainer; trauma competency; virtual reality; mixed methods

Full Text:

PDF


References


Agha S. (2019). Effect of simulation based education for learning in medical students: A mixed study method. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 69(4), 545-554. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31000861/

Amod HB, Brysiewics, P. (2017). Using high fidelity simulation to teach postpartum haemorrhage. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, pp.1-204.

Arrigoni F, de Cataldo C, Bruno F, et al. (2020). Ablation, consolidation and radiotherapy for the management of metastatic lesions of the spine: Impact on the quality of life in a mid-term clinical and diagnostic follow-up in a pilot study. Medical Oncology, 37(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-020-01378-6

Auerbach C, McGowan BG, Laporte H. (2008). How does professional education impact the job outlook of public child welfare workers? Journal of Public Child Welfare, 1(3), 55-76. https://doi.org/10.1300/j479v01n03_04

Barbadoro P, Brunzini A, Dolcini J, et al. (2023). Stress responses in high-fidelity simulation and standard simulation training among medical students. BMC Medical Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04101-x

Bewick V, Cheek L, Ball J. (2003). Statistics review 7: Correlation and regression. Critical Care, 7(6), 451-459. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc2401

Bradley P. (2006). The history of simulation in medical education and possible future directions. Medical Education, 40(3), 254-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02394.x

Bryson JM. (2018). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations (5th ed.). Wiley, pp. 1-544.

Bryson JM, Berry FF, Keifang Y. (2010). The state of public strategic management research: A selective literature review and set of future directions. American Review of Public Administration, 40(5), 495-521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074010370361

Casassa K, Knight, L, Mengo C. (2021). Trauma bonding perspectives from service providers and survivors of sex trafficking: A scoping review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 23(3), 969–984. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020985542

Collin-Vézina D, Brend D, Black K, et al. (2020). Impacts of child welfare worker and clientele characteristics on attitudes toward trauma-informed care. Developmental Child Welfare, 2(4), 244–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516103220963139

Cornille TA, Meyers TW. (1999). Secondary traumatic stress among child protective service workers: Prevalence, severity and predictive factors. Traumatology, 5(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/153476569900500105

Cowan G, Arsenault AH. (2008). Moving from monologue to dialogue to collaboration: The three layers of public diplomacy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616, 10-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311863

Dillman DA, Smyth JD, Christian LM. (2014). Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method (4th ed.). Wiley, pp. 1-528.

Elster J. (2009). Interpretation and rational choice. Rationality and Society, 21(1), 5-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463108099347

Frankfort-Nachmias C, Leon-Guerro AY. (2018). Social statistics for a diverse society (8th ed.). Sage, pp. 1-544.

Griffiths A, Murphy A, Desrosiers, et al. (2019). Factors influencing the turnover of frontline public child welfare supervisors. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 14(5), 553–569. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2019.1652719

Guina J. (2016). The body keeps the score. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 22(1), 70–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/pra.0000000000000125

Hamburger JP. (2021). The collaborative process between communities and local government: The public administrator’s responsibility [PhD thesis]. Capella University.

Jacquet SE, Hermon SR. (2018). Job expectations and career goals of Title IV-E child welfare social workers with varying levels of work experience: How do they differ? Journal of Public Child Welfare, 12(1), 42–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2017.1311289

Kahn SA, Rubin DT. (2015). Can we improve on the “see one, do one, teach one” paradigm in training fellows to care for patients with inflammatory bowel disease? Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 21(4), 766-767. https://doi.org/10.1097/mib.0000000000000337

Koumakhov R. (2009). Conventions in Herbert Simon's theory of bounded rationality. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2009.03.001

Langenderfer-Magruder L, Olson C, Wilke DJ, et al. (2021). RISE Up: Facilitating frontline responder collaboration on co-occurring child welfare and intimate partner violence cases. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(15-16), 7067-7089. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519832921

Lwin K, Fallon B, Trocmé N, et al. (2018). A changing child welfare workforce: What worker characteristics are valued in child welfare? Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.029

Marino K, Wright RJ. (2022). Toward the theory of administrative tethering: Re-thinking child welfare training amid rationally bounded administrative decision-making and collaborative governance processes. Lexington Books, pp. 1-227.

McDonald C, Davis M, Benson, C. (2021). Using evidence-based learning theories to guide the development of virtual simulations. Clinical Social Work Journal, 49(2), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-021-00809-9

McFadden P, Campbell A, Taylor B. (2015). Resilience and burnout in child protection social work: Individual and organisational themes from a systematic literature review. British Journal of Social Work, 45(5), 1546-1563. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bct210

McNabb, D. E. (2017). Research methods in public administration and nonprofit management (4th ed.). Routledge, pp. 1-578.

Middleton J, Potter CC. (2015). Relationship between vicarious traumatization and turnover among child welfare professionals. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 9(2), 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2015.1021987

Paul, M., Harrison, C., Litt, J., et al. (2022, January 24). Worker turnover is a persistent child welfare challenge—so is measuring it. Quality Improvement Center for Workforce Development. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://www.qic-wd.org/qic-take/worker-turnover-persistent-child-welfare-challenge

Polit DF, Beck CT. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: Myths and strategies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451-1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.06.004

Roberts, M., & Ilardi, S. S. (Eds.). (2003). Handbook of research methods in clinical psychology. Blackwell, pp. 1-480.

Rodriguez-Paz JM, Kennedy M, Salas E, et al. (2009). Beyond “see one, do one, teach one”: Toward a different training paradigm. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 85(1003), 244-249. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2007.023903

Rossi PH, Lipsey MW, Freeman HE. (2004). Evaluation: A systematic approach (2nd ed.). Sage.

Saldana, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3rd ed.). Sage, 1-368.

Sammut R, Griscti O, Norman IJ. (2021). Strategies to improve response rates to web surveys: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 123, 104058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104058

Senthilnathan S. (2019). Usefulness of correlation analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3416918

Shankar P, Thapa TP, Karki BS. (2013). Students’ perceived levels of ‘human skills’ and effectiveness of various modules in skill development. Education in Medicine Journal, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.5959/eimj.v5i4.167

Simon HA. (1962). The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106(6), 467–482. https://www.jstor.org/stable/985254

Simon HA. (1972). Theories of bounded rationality. In McGuire CB, Radner R (editors). Decision and organization. North-Holland, pp. 161-176.

Simon HA. (1996). Administrative behavior: A study of decision-making processes in administrative organization (4th ed.). Macmillan.

Simon HA. (2000). John Gaus lecture. Personal Collection of Herbert A. Simon. Carnegie Mellon University.

Simon HA. (2002). Near decomposability and the speed of evolution. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 587-599. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/11.3.587

Stagno V, Cappabianca P. (2013). See one. do one. teach one. A perfect paradigm for education and training in neuroendoscopy. World Neurosurgery, 79(2), 258–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2012.07.017

Vandervort FE, Pott Gonzalez R, Coulborn Faller K. (2008). Legal ethics and high child welfare worker turnover: An unexplored connection. Children and Youth Services Review, 30(5), 546–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2007.10.016

Vargo A, Menendez P. (2020, September 21). Evaluation of the Florida Child Welfare pre-service training: Final report. Florida Institute for Child Welfare. https://ficw.fsu.edu/assets/documents/Evaluation%20of%20the%20Florida%20Child%20Welfare%20Pre-Service%20Training%20Final%20Report_Final.pdf

Waite R, Ryan RA. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences. Routledge, pp. 1-182.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd10452

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Kevin Marino, Jennifer Hamburger, Timothy Wiles, Robert Wright

License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.