Identification of aggressive microfungal pathogens of wheat crop from Bhimber Azad Kashmir and effective biomanagement of a most dominant pathogen Alternatia solani

Tanveer Hussain; Muhammad Ishtiaq; Faheem Ahmed Khan; Tariq Saiff Ullah; Isfa Shabir

doi:10.24294/nrcr.v6i1.2130

Identification of aggressive microfungal pathogens of wheat crop from Bhimber Azad Kashmir and effective biomanagement of a most dominant pathogen Alternatia solani

Tanveer Hussain, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Faheem Ahmed Khan, Tariq Saiff Ullah, Isfa Shabir

Article ID: 2130
Vol 6, Issue 1, 2023

VIEWS - 270 (Abstract) 183 (PDF)

Abstract

Fungal diseases affect both the productivity and sustainability of wheat crop. The aim of present study was to document the fungal diseases of wheat crop and biological management of a most dominant fungal pathogen Alternaria solani by using medicinal plant extracts. Fungal infected wheat plants were collected from different sites of District Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Sukasan, Kool, Gurha Liliyan, Gurha Matyal, Dheri Wattan, and Pothi) and these fungal infected wheat plants were examined under field and greenhouse conditions by using four different plant extracts to check the severity rate of fungal diseases. Three contagious species were isolated from regularly contaminated wheat leaves and other natural items demonstrating the indications of scourges and most dominant species recognized as A. solani. The antifungal action of four plant’s leaf solutions including Nerium oleander (Oleander), Allium sativum (Garlic), Ocimum basilicum (Sweat Basil) and Eucalyptus chamadulonsis (Eucalyptus) have been attempted to control Alternaria solani in an artificial medium and in natural conditions. In an artificial medium, decoction of Allium sativum bulb at 5% fixation caused the most noteworthy lessening in mycelial improvement of A. solani (40.2%), while Ocimum basilicum at 1% and 5% fixation and Nerium oleander at 5% fixation the most decreases obstruct the mycelial advancement of the microorganism. In nursery analyzes, the most serious diminishing in contamination seriousness was brought about by the bulb extract of Allium sativum on 5% fixation as well as Nerium oleander on 1% and 5% fixations. The best decline in infection seriousness was accomplished with Allium sativum on 5% fixation, but the slightest decrease was observed after treatment of wheat plants with Nerium oleander on 1% and 5% application (22.3% and 30.2%, respectively). Allium sativum at 5% application expanded natural product yield by 35.2% and 40.2% as opposed to contaminated control. It was concluded that all selected medicinal plants reduced the selected disease and furthermore upgraded grain yield as opposed to contaminated control in field crop diseases especially Alternaria solani attack on wheat.

Keywords

Wheat Crop; Fungal Pathogen; Alternaria Solani; Biological Management; Antifungal Activity

Full Text:

PDF

References

1. Shewry PR. Wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany 2009; 60(6): 1537–1553. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erp058.

2. Majumder PP, St Jean PL, Ferrell RE, et al. On the inheritance of abdominal aortic aneurysm. American Journal of Human Genetics 1991; 48(1): 164.

3. Ortiz R, Sayre KD, Govaerts B, et al. Climate change: Can wheat beat the heat. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 2008; 126(1–2): 46–58. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.019.

4. Breiman A, Graur D. Wheat evolution. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 1995; 43(2): 85–98. doi: 10.1080/07929978.1995.10676595.

5. Khan FS, Razzaq S, Irfan K, et al. Wheat: A web-based expert system for diagnosis of diseases and pests in Pakistani wheat. In: Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering; 2008 Jul 2–4; London. WCE; 2008.

6. Ahmad J, Marwat MI, Ahmad HK. Effect of herbicides and row spacing on different traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Weed Sciences and Research 2003; 9(1–2): 33–40. doi: 10.15740/HAS/ARJCI/6.2/73-77.

7. Hossain I, Azad AK. Bipolaris sorokiniana, its reaction and effect on yield of wheat. Progress Agriculture 1994; 5(2): 63–69.

8. Hajihasani M, Hajihassani A, Khaghani S. Incidence and distribution of seed-borne fungi associated with wheat in Markazi Province, Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology 2012; 11(23): 6290–6295. doi: 10.5897/AJB11.3838.

9. Park RF, Bariana HS, Wellings CS. Preface. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 2007; 58: 469.

10. Leonard KJ, Szabo LJ. Stem rust of small grains and grasses caused by Puccinia graminis. Molecular Plant Pathology 2005; 6(2): 99–111. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2005.00273.x.

11. Singh RP, Hodson DP, Jin Y, et al. Emergence and spread of new races of wheat stem rust fungus, continued threat to food security and prospects of genetic control. Phytopathology 2015; 105: 872–884. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-15-0030-FI.

12. Majumder D, Rajesh T, Suting EG, Debbarma A. Detection of seed borne pathogens in wheat, recent trends. Australian Journal of Crop Sciences 2013; 7(4): 501–507.

13. Pathak N, Zaidi RK. Studies on seed-borne fungi of wheat in seed health testing programme. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2013; 46(4): 389–401. doi: 10.1080/03235408.2012.741978.

14. Abada KA, Mostafa SH, Mervat R. Effect of some chemical salts on suppressing the infection by early blight disease of tomato. Egyptian Journal of Applied Sciences 2008; 23(20): 47–58.

15. Kouyoumjian RE. Comparison of compost tea and biological fungicides for control of early blight in organic heirloom tomato production [Master’s thesis]. South Carolina: Clemson University; 2007. p. 16–37.

16. Latha P, Anand T, Ragupathi N, et al. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants by mixtures of PGPR strains and Zimmu leaf extract against Alternaria solani. Biological Control 2009; 50(2): 85–93. doi: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.03.002.

17. Schmitz H. Poisoned food technique. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry—Analytical Edition 1930; 2(4): 361–363.

18. Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedure for agricultural research. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1984.

19. Goussous SJ, Abu-El-Samen FM, Tahhan RA. Antifungal activity of several medicinal plants extracts against the early blight pathogen (Alternaria solani). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 2010, 43(17): 1746–1758. doi: 10.1080/03235401003633832.

20. Vijayan M. Studies on early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and Grout [Master’s thesis]. Coimbatore, India: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University; 1989.

21. Amadioha AC. Controlling rice blast in vitro and in vivo with extracts of Azadirachta indica. Crop Protection 2000; 19(5): 287–290. doi: 10.1016/S0261-2194(99)00080-0.

22. Kagale S, Marimuthu T, Thayumanavan B, et al. Antimicrobial activity and induction of systemic resistance in rice by leaf extract of Datura metel against Rhizoctonia solani and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 2004; 65(2): 91–100. doi: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.11.008.

23. Curtis H, Noll U, Störmann J, Slusarenko AJ. Broad-spectrum activity of the volatile phytoanticipin allicin in extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L.) against plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 2004; 65(2): 79–89. doi: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2004.11.006.

24. Krebs H, Dorn B, Forrer HR. Control of late blight of potato with medicinal plant suspensions. Agrarforschung 2006; 13: 16–21.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/nrcr.v6i1.2130