Current situation of global manganese resources and suggestions for sustainable development in China
Vol 4, Issue 1, 2021
VIEWS - 1461 (Abstract) 883 (pdf)
Abstract
As an important metal mineral, manganese is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, national defense industry and other fields. Global manganese resources are characterized by extremely uneven distribution, highly concentrated production capacity, and serious separation between supply and demand. China’s manganese resources are characterized by extensive distribution but insufficient reserves, low grade and poor quality, high external dependence, and imperfect resource guarantee system. In recent years, China’s manganese industry has developed rapidly, and China has become the world’s largest consumer of manganese resources. With the growth of new energy market, the contradiction between supply and demand of manganese resources in China will further increase in the future. Based on the actual situation that manganese ore is still in short supply and in great demand in China, in order to ensure the strategic safety of national manganese ore resources and promote the healthy development of China’s manganese industry, this paper puts forward sustainable development suggestions such as formulating long-term supply planning, strengthening overseas layout, promoting capacity cooperation and establishing a diversified security system.
Keywords
Full Text:
pdfReferences
1. Yan W, Gao H. The resource of Mn ore & its development of Mn-mining. China Manganese Industry 2009; (3): 14–19.
2. Cong Y, Dong Q, Xiao K, et al. Charateristics and predicted potential of Mn resources in China. Earth Science Frontiers 2018; 25(3): 118–137.
3. He H. A present situation of Mn-ore resources and its investigation. China Manganese Industry 2017; 35(1): 23–24.
4. SNL. Commodity profile-price chart [Internet]. Available from: https://platform.MarketIntelligence.spglobal.com/web/clientauth=inherit#industry/topProducingCompanies.
5. Lei X, Hu Y, Du Y, et al. Thinking of status and evelopment of the manganese ore sourcece utilization. China Mining Magazine 2015; 24(S1): 27–29.
6. USGS. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020 [Internet]. USGS Publications Warehouse; 2020. Available from: https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020.pdf.
7. Wang Y, Li Z, Li H. A survey of processing techniques researches on sedbed Manganese nodules in China. China Manganese Industry 2006; 24(1): 17–20.
8. Liu Z, Zhang X, Xu H, et al. Overseas manganese resources distribution and proposals for Chinese mining companies. China Mining Magazine 2015a; 24(8): 8–15.
9. Liu Z, Xu H, Wang Q, et al. China’s manganese supply-demand actuality and its sustainable development. Resources and Industry 2015; 161(6): 42–47.
10. Yin J, Xiao K. Resources potential analysis and metallogenic prospect of Mn resources in China. Geology in China 2014; 41(5): 1424–1437.
11.
12. Ye L, Fan D, Yang P. Zhongguo mengkuang chuang (Chinese) [Manganese deposits in China]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House; 1994. p. 80–552.
13. Gutzmer J, Beukes NJ. Mineral paragenesis of the Kalahari manganese field, South Africa. Ore Geology Reviews 1996; 11(6): 405–428.
14. Frost KS, Master S, Viljoen RP, et al. The great mineral fields of Africa introduction. Episodes Journal of International Geoscience 2016; 39(2): 285–318.
15. Huang C. Manganese mineral resources of Australia and its production and marketing. Guangxi Geology 1994; 7(3): 88–92.
16. Kuleshov V. Isotope geochemistry: The origin and formation of manganese rocks and ores. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Inc.; 2016.
17. Song G. Baxi kuangye touzi huanjing fenxi (Chinese) [Analysis of mining investment environment in Brazil]. Natural Resources Information 2012; 8: 2–8.
18. RTE. Resource trade earth-manganese [Internet]. Available from: https://resource-trade.Earth/data?Year=2008&exporter=710&importer=156&category=182&units=weight.
19. Fu Y, Xu Z, Pei H, et al. Study on metallographic regularity of manganese ore deposits in China. Acta Geologica Sinica 2014; 88(12): 2192–2207.
20. Gu A, Wang J, Ren J, et al. Geological characteristics and mineralization potential analysis for the Pan-African Hook Batholith in Central Zambia. Geological Survey and Research 2020; 43(1): 63–71.
21. Zhong Z, Zhang S, Zhang W, et al. Application of interrated exploration to Yunyi concealed bauxite deposits in Shanxi province. Geological Survey and Research 2017; 40(2): 134–140.
22. De Putter T, Liegeois JP, Dewaele S, et al. Paleoproterozoic manganese and base metals deposits at Kisenge-Kamata (Katanga, DR Congo). Ore Geology Reviews 2018; 96: 181–200.
23. Gutzmer J, Du-Plooy AP, Beukes NJ. Timing of supergene enrichment of low-grade sedimentary manganese ores in the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Ore Geology Reviews 2012; 47(1): 136–153.
24. Ren J, Wang J, Gu A, et al. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Lu-Hf isotopic composition of syenogranite, northeastern Zambia. Geological Survey and Research 2019; 42(3): 161–165.
25. Zhao P. Analysis of geological features and prospecting potential of manganese in Mansa District of Republic of Zambia. Mining Engineering 2015; 4: 15–16.
26. Sun H, Wang J, Ren J, et al. Metallogenic evolution and prospecting potential of the Katanga–Zambia polymetallic metallogenic belt in Central Africa. Geological Science and Technology Information 2019; 38(1): 121–131.
27. Sun H, Wang J, Ren J, et al. Analysis of uranium mineralization characteristics and resource potential in Lufilian area, Central Africa. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) 2020; 50(6): 1660–1674.
28. Sun H, Ren J, Wang J, et al. Geological characteristics and prospecting direction of Pb–Zn–(Cu) deposits in Lufirian area, Central Africa. Geology and Exploration 2019; 55(4): 1101–1116.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/nrcr.v4i1.1554
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Hongwei Sun, Jie Wang, Junping Ren, Weibo Zhang, Wenlong Tang, Xingyuan Wu, Alei Gu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.