The tunable conduction of coumarin-based composites has attracted considerable attention in a wide range of applications due to their unique chemical structures and fascinating properties. The incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) further enhances coumarin properties, including strong fluorescence, reversible photodimerization, and good thermal stability, expanding their potential use in advanced technological applications. This review describes the developmental evolution from GO, GO-polymer, and coumarin-based polymer to the coumarin-GO composite, concerning their synthesis, characterization, unique properties, and wide applications. We especially highlight the outstanding progress in the synthesis and structural characteristics along with their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, understanding their structure-property relations is very important to acquire scientific and technological information for developing the advanced materials with interesting performance in optoelectronic and energy applications as well as in the biomedical field. Given the expertise of influenced factors (e.g., dispersion quality, functionalization, and loading level) on the overall extent of enhancement, future research directions include optimizing coumarin-GO composites by varying the nanofiller types and coumarin compositions, which could significantly promote the development of next-generation polymer composites for specific applications.

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