Applied Chemical Engineering (Transferred)

using the synthesized nickel particle/graphene (Ni/Gr) composite as a new matrix and adsorbent, a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) platform was constructed for the efficient analysis of various drugs, amino acids and other small biological molecules. Compared with the traditional matrix of 2, 5-dihydroxyphenyl acid (DHB) and a series of comparison materials (Gr, Ni-1/gr and Ni-5/gr), Ni-2/gr as MALDI matrix has the advantages of low background noise, high ionic strength, high signal-to-noise ratio and wide linear range (0.01 ~ 50 μmol/L, 0.2 ~ 50 μmol/l and 0.05 ~ 60 μmol/l) when analyzing the molecules of resveratrol, 6-gingerol and rutin in the positive ion mode. The detection limits (LODs) of resveratrol, 6-gingerol and rutin were respectively 0.0038, 0.09 and 0.02 μmol/L. Ni-2/gr complex has the characteristics of high specific surface area, rich mesoporous structure, a large number of sp² structures, strong UV absorption and high saturation magnetization value (MS). It can be used as an adsorbent to magnetically enrich phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine, and can also be used to magnetically enrich low concentration tryptophan in mouse serum samples.

1. Tanaka K, Waki H, Ido Y, et al. Protein and polymer analyses up to m/z 100,000 by laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 1988; 2(8): 151–153.

2. Karas M, Hillenkamp F. Laser desorption ionization of proteins with molecular masses exceeding 10,000 daltons. Analytical Chemistry 1988; 60(20): 2299–2301.

3. Dallongeville S, Garnier N, Rolando C, et al. Proteins in art, archaeology, and paleontology: From detection to identification. Chemical Reviews 2016; 116(1): 2–79.

4. Kim M, Park JM, Yun TG, et al. TiO2 nanowires from wet-corrosion synthesis for peptide sequencing using laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018; 10(40): 33790–33802.

5. Cornett DS, Reyzer ML, Chaurand P, et al. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: Molecular snapshots of biochemical systems. Nature Methods 2007; 4(10): 828–833.

6. Wei J, Buriak JM, Siuzdak G. Desorption-ionization mass spectrometry on porous silicon. Nature 1999; 399(6733): 243–246.

7. Minhas RS, Rudd DA, Al Hmoud H Z, et al. Rapid detection of anabolic and narcotic doping agents in saliva and urine by means of nanostructured silicon SALDI mass spectrometry. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020; 12(28): 31195–31204.

8. Kawasaki H, Sugitani T, Watanabe T, et al. Layer-by-layer self-assembled mutilayer films of gold nanoparticles for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 2008; 80(19): 7524–7533.

9. Silina YE, Meier F, Nebolsin VA, et al. Novel galvanic nanostructures of Ag and Pd for efficient laser desorption/ionization of low molecular weight compounds. Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2014; 25(5): 841–851.

10. Su H, Li X, Huang L, et al. Plasmonic alloys reveal a distinct metabolic phenotype of early gastric cancer. Advanced Materials 2021; 33(17): 2007978.

11. Kim MJ, Park JM, Yun TG, et al. A TiO2 nanowire photocatalyst for dual-ion production in laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry. Chemical Communications 2020; 56(32): 4420–4423.

12. Zhao Y, Xu Y, Gong C, et al. Analysis of small molecule compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry with Fe3O4 nanoparticles as matrix. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021; 49(1): 103–112.

13. Shih YH, Chien CH, Singco B, et al. Metal-organic frameworks: New matrices for surface-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry. Chemical Communications 2013; 49(43): 4929–4931.

14. Fan B, Zhou H, Wang Y, et al. Surface siloxane-modified silica materials combined with metal-organic frameworks as novel MALDI matrixes for the detection of low-MW compounds. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020; 12(33): 37793–37803.

15. Dong X, Cheng J, Li J, et al. Graphene as a novel matrix for the analysis of small molecules by MALDI-TOF MS. Analytical Chemistry 2010; 82(14): 6208–6214.

16. Shi R, Dai X, Li W, et al. Hydroxyl-group-dominated graphite dots reshape laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for small biomolecular analysis and imaging. ACS Nano 2017; 11(9): 9500–9513.

17. Xu S, Li Y, Zou H, et al. Carbon nanotubes as assisted matrix for laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 2003; 75(22): 6191–6195.

18. Chen S, Zheng H, Wang J, et al. Carbon nanodots as a matrix for the analysis of low-molecular-weight molecules in both positive-and negative-ion matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and quantification of glucose and uric acid in real samples. Analytical Chemistry 2013; 85(14): 6646–6652.

19. Luo P, Wang L, Jiang L, et al. Application of graphdiyne in surface-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2020; 13(1): 1914–1920.

20. Zhao H, Li Y, Wang J, et al. Dual-ion-mode MALDI MS detection of small molecules with the O-P, N-doped carbon/graphene matrix. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018; 10(43): 37732–37742.

21. Lu L, Zheng G, Wang M, et al. Microwave-prepared mesoporous graphene as adsorbent and matrix of surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the enrichment and rapid detection of polyphenols in biological samples. Talanta 2021; 222: 121365.

22. Sheng A, Yang Y, Yan D X, et al. Self-assembled reduced graphene oxide/nickel nanofibers with hierarchical core-shell structure for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption. Carbon 2020; 167: 530–540.

23. Li S, Liu J, Sun J, et al. Co-NC as adsorbent and matrix providing the ability of MALDI MS to analyze volatile compounds. Chinese Chemical Letters 2021; 32(1): 62–65.

24. Baruah A, Mondal S, Sahoo L, et al. Ni-Fe-layered double hydroxide/N-doped graphene oxide nanocomposite for the highly efficient removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from water. Journal of Solid State Chemistry 2019; 280: 164–170.

25. Li N, Li S, Li T, et al. Co-incorporated mesoporous carbon material-assisted laser desorption/ionization ion source as an online interface of in vivo microdialysis coupled with mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 2020; 92(7): 5482–5491.

26. Wang J, Manga KK, Bao Q, et al. High-yield synthesis of few-layer graphene flakes through electrochemical expansion of graphite in propylene carbonate electrolyte. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2011; 133(23): 8888–8891.

27. Wang C, Zhao H, Wang J, et al. Atomic Fe hetero-layered coordination between g-C3N4 and graphene nanomeshes enhances the ORR electrocatalytic performance of zinc-air batteries. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2019; 7(4): 1451–1458.

28. Fu G, Yan X, Chen Y, et al. Boosting bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis with 3D graphene aerogel-supported Ni/MnO particles. Advanced Materials 2018; 30(5): 1704609.

29. Xu W, Wang GS, Yin PG. Designed fabrication of reduced graphene oxides/Ni hybrids for effective electromagnetic absorption and shielding. Carbon 2018; 139: 759–767.

30. Balamurugan J, Nguyen TT, Kim NH, et al. Novel core-shell CuMo-oxynitride@ N-doped graphene nanohybrid as multifunctional catalysts for rechargeable zinc-air batteries and water splitting. Nano Energy 2021; 85: 105987.

31. Yang X, Guo Q, Yang J, et al. Synergistic effects of layer-by-layer films for highly selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of trans-resveratrol. Food Chemistry 2021; 338: 127851.

32. Zhang C, Ping J, Ye Z, et al. Two-dimensional nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor for rapid determination of trans-resveratrol. Science of the Total Environment 2020; 742: 140351.

33. Wang L, Zhang Z. Molecular imprinted polymer-based chemiluminescence imaging sensor for the detection of trans-resveratrol. Analytica Chimica Acta 2007; 592(2): 115–120.

34. Chaisiwamongkhol K, Ngamchuea K, Batchelor-McAuley C, et al. Electrochemical detection and quantification of gingerol species in ginger (Zingiber officinale) using multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrodes. Analyst 2016; 141(22): 6321–6328.

35. Cheng C, Huang Y, Wang J, et al. Anodic electrogenerated chemiluminescence behavior of graphite-like carbon nitride and its sensing for rutin. Analytical Chemistry 2013; 85(5): 2601·2605.

36. Zhan T, Sun X, Wang X, et al. Application of ionic liquid modified carbon ceramic electrode for the sensitive voltammetric detection of rutin. Talanta 2010; 82(5): 1853–1857.

37. Yang J, Zhang W, Zhang H, et al. Polydopamine-modified sub strates for high-sensitivity laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019; 11(49): 46140–46148.

38. Kim S, Kwon S, Kim Y. Nanomaterials 2021; 11(2): 288–306.

39. Kawasaki H, Nakai K, Arakawa R, et al. Functionalized graphene-coated cobalt nanoparticles for highly efficient surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Analytical Chemistry 2012; 84(21): 9268–9275.

40. Shi C, Meng J, Deng C. Enrichment and detection of small molecules using magnetic graphene as an adsorbent and a novel matrix of MALDI-TOF-MS. Chemical Communications 2012; 48(18): 2418–2420.