Access to clean drinking water is universally recognized as a fundamental human right, yet millions globally still lack safe water. Contaminants such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and microbial pathogens pose significant health risks. Traditional water purification methods, while effective, often come with high costs and may not remove all types of contaminants. There is a need for more accessible and comprehensive solutions to improve drinking water quality. This study aims to explore the efficacy of activated carbon as a viable solution for enhancing drinking water quality and to identify the mechanisms through which it purifies water. The research involved a review of existing literature on activated carbon, including its various forms (powdered, granular, black carbon filters) and sources (coal, coconut shells, wood, peat). The study analyzed the physical and chemical processes of adsorption and the factors influencing these mechanisms. Activated carbon significantly increases surface area and adsorption capacity, enabling effective removal of a diverse range of pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorine, heavy metals, and certain harmful microbes. The findings suggest that activated carbon is a promising and cost-effective alternative for improving drinking water quality, with potential applications in various contexts to enhance public health and access to safe water.

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