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From the perspective of grassland resources and their sustainable utilization, this paper expounds the type characteristics and utilization status of grassland resources in the Ili River Valley, and analyzes the main problems of grassland re-sources in the Ili River Valley, such as the annual increase of grassland degradation area, the increasingly serious soil erosion, the imbalance between seasons and years of grassland production, and the imperfect mechanism of grassland ecological protection, restoration and management. This paper discusses the driving mechanism affecting the productivity of grass-land resources, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures in the sustainable utilization of grassland ecosystem, such as strengthening the management of grassland re-sources, establishing a grass seed gene bank and screening native grass species, implementing the construction of grassland ecological restoration, strengthening grassland ecological monitoring and actively promoting ecological tourism.